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V 


. 


CENSUS 


OF  THE 

CITY  OF  CHARLESTON, 

SOUTH  CAROLINA, 


FOR  THIS  IHSAR  1848, 

wWYtfiSfTY’  Qp  ju  j 

EXHIBITING  THE 

i*  r*  m 

CONDITION  AND  PROSPECTS  OF  THE  CITY, 


ILLUSTRATED  BY  MANY 


STATISTICAL  DETAILS, 


PREPARED  UNDER  THE  AUTHORITY  OF  THE 

CITY  COUNCIL. 


BY 

J.  L.  DAWSON,  M.  D., 

AND, 


H.  W.  DeSAUSSURE,  M.  D. 


CHARLESTON,  S.  C. 

1S49; 

J.  B.  NIXON,  PRINTER,  48  BROAD  STREET. 


PROCEEDINGS  OF  COUNCIL, 


EXTRACT  FROM  THE  MINUTES,  NOVEMBER  15,  1847. 

On  motion  of  Alderman  W.  M.  LAWTON, 

Resolved,  That  a  Committee  of  one  Alderman  from  each  Ward,  (of  which 
his  Honor  the  Mayor  shall  act  as  Chairman,)  be  appointed  to  enquire  into  the 
propriety  of  having  a  Census  of  the  City  taken  by  some  competent  person 
or  persons,  and  that  they  report  at  the  next  meeting  of  Council. 

F.  LANCE,  Clerk  of  Council. 


i<an  r\c^ 


c 


INTRODUCTORY  REPORT. 

To  the  Honorable 

T.  LEGER  HUTCHINSON,  Mayor, 

E.  L.  ADAMS, 

W.  LLOYD, 

W.  M.  MARTIN, 

S,  Y.  TUPPER, 

In  submitting  the  result  of  their  labours  to  the  Com¬ 
mittee  of  Council,  appointed  to  have  a  Census  of  the 
City  prepared  and  published,  the  parties  engaged  in 
carrying  out  the  views  of  Council,  are  obliged  to 
acknowledge  that  in  many  respects  the  amount  of 
information  obtained  has  been  less  ample  than  they 
desired.  This  arose  in  a  great  measure  from  the 
deficiency  of  public  records,  and  other  reliable  docu¬ 
ments  necessary  to  furnish  authentic  information  of  the 
past  condition  of  the  population.  The  greater  part  of 
the  facts  which  have  been  collected  and  arranged,  are 
entirely  new,  and  cannot  therefore  be  used  as  points  of 
comparison  between  the  present  and  the  past.  It  is 
hoped,  however,  that  a  mass  of  materials  has  been  ob¬ 
tained  and  tabulated,  which,  at  a  future  day,  will  afford 
a  standard  for  estimating  the  progressive  condition  of 
the  population. 

From  the  same  cause  it  has  also  occupied  so  much 
more  time  to  recover  and  examine  the  materials  and 
facts  necessary  for  the  preparation  of  the  work  as  ma¬ 
terially  to  delay  its  completion  beyond  the  time  at  first 
contemplated.  On  some  of  the  topics,  however,  which 
have  undergone  examination,  it  is  believed  that  the 


Committee 
on  the 
Census  for 
1849. 


O  ry  O  A  O 
aJiO  #  OJlO 


IV. 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


information  obtained  is  socomplete  as  to  leave  little  to 
be  gathered  from  future  investigation. 

It  may  be  a  matter  of  surprise  that  with  an  extend¬ 
ing  business  and  a  growing  Commerce  the  popula¬ 
tion  of  Charleston  increases  so  slowly.  This  arises 
from  the  fact,  that  a  portion  only  of  that  population, 
which  for  all  purposes  of  business,  really  constitutes 
Charleston  proper,  is  comprised  within  the  Chartered 
limits  of  the  City.  Without  the  Corporate  bounds  of 
the  City,  and  separated  from  it  only  by  a  street,  is  the 
populous  suburb,  called  “  Charleston  Neck.”  In  this 
suburb,  popularly  known  as  “  The  Neck,”  many  of 
the  Merchants  and  business  men  of  the  City  have  their 
residences ;  none  of  whom,  nor  their  families,  are 
included  in  the  enumeration  made  of  the  inhabitants  of 
the  City,  although  their  capital  and  labour  are  employed 
within  the  City. 

This  suburb  is  rapidly  increasing  in  population. 
By  an  enumeration  made  of  its  inhabitants  in  1839, 
under  the  authority  of  the  State,  and  in  1840,  under 
the  authority  of  the  United  States,  the  white  population 
at  those  periods  was  2,681.  An  enumeration  complet¬ 
ed  during  the  present  year — 1849 — by  order  of  the 
State  Legislature,  gives  4,866  as  the  number  of  its 
white  population.  The  increase  in  nine  years,  there¬ 
fore,  has  been  2,185,  or  81.49  per  cent.,  while  the  in¬ 
crease  of  the  city  prope :  during  the  same  period  has 
been  only  8.89  per  cent. 

By  the  United  States  Census  of  1840,  the  white 
population  of  the  City  and  Neck  conjoined,  amounted 
to  15,71 1.  If  the  present  white  population  of  the  Neck 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


V. 


be  added  to  that  of  the  City,  as  determined  by  the 
enumeration  made  in  1848,  the  number  will  amount  to 
19,053,  giving  an  increase  of  3,342  in  nine  years,  or 
21.27  percent. 

The  rapid  increase  of  population  of  the  Neck,  as 
compared  with  the  city,  scarcely  needs  comment,  when 
it  is  remembered  that  freedom  from  corporation  taxes, 
building  lots  of  greater  size  and  less  cost,  with  low 
rents,  necessarily  offer  strong  inducements  to  reside 
beyond  the  incorporated  bounds  of  the  City.  Another 
cause  also  exists  in  the  privilege  possessed  by  its  resi¬ 
dents  of  constructing  buildings  of  wood,  or  other  com¬ 
bustible  materials,  and  of  course  at  a  cheaper  rate  than 
in  the  City,  where  such  erections  are  prohibited  by  law. 
Consequently,  the  Neck  is  becoming  rapidly  filled  with 
small,  cheap  wooden  houses,  which  attract  a  large 
population.  The  wisdom  of  this  policy,  however,  may 
well  be  doubted.  In  the  period  of  60  years,  comprised 
between  1780  and  1840,  the  number  of  houses  recorded 
to  have  been  destroyed  by  fire  in  Charleston  proper, 
equals  very  nearly  the  number  of  houses  now  existing  in 
the  city.  Such  an  amount  of  property  could  not  be  de¬ 
stroyed  without  seriously  impairing  the  resources  and 
crippling  the  energies  of  the  inhabitants.  That  fires  of 
equal  severity  and  extent  will  sooner  or  later  occur  on 
the  Neck,  if  the  present  policy  continues,  the  experi¬ 
ence  of  the  past  year  sufficiently  proves. 

The  Census,  completed  as  far  as  the  materials  to  be 
obtained  permitted,  is  now  submitted  to  the  Committee. 
No  effort  has  been  made  to  exaggerate  or  give  undue 
importance  to  any  thing  which  seemed  to  imply  a  state 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


vi. 

of  progressive  prosperity,  but  every  subject  has  been 
placed  in  as  fair  and  exact  a  light  as  the  judgment  of  the 
parties  engaged  enabled  them  to  do.  That  much  has 
been  developed  which  justifies  congratulation,  cannot  be 
doubted,  but  it  must  also  be  admitted,  that  there  ex¬ 
ist  many  causes  for  regret  and  disappointment.  It  is 
unnecessary,  and  would  be  useless,  here  to  specify 
either  the  one  or  the  other.  Those  sufficiently  inter¬ 
ested  will  find  in  the  body  of  the  work  an  accumulation 
of  facts,  which,  if  properly  studied,  will  enable  them  to 
form  an  opinion  of  the  future  prospects  of  the  City. 
If  the  facts  here  presented  are  instrumental  in  develop¬ 
ing  new  resources  of  trade,  or  advancing  in  any  manner 
the  interests  of  the  city,  the  money,  time  and  labour 
expended  will  have  been  well  bestowed. 


CONTENTS. 


Numbers  of  the  Population, 

Places  of  Birth  “ 

Classes  “ 

Proportion  of  Sexes  “ 

Ages  “ 

Dwelling  Houses, 

Supply  of  Water, 

Domestic  Condition, 

Occupations, 

Legal  Voters, 

Public  Charities, 

Pauperism, 

Crime, 

Education, 

Commercial  Statistics, 

Navigation  and  Tonnage,  including  vessels  arriving  and  departing  monthly, 

“  “  “  “  “  yearly, 

Foreign  vessels  arriving,  -  -  .  - 

Tonnage  entered  and  cleared,  ------- 

Lines  and  Packets,  --------- 

Tonnage  of  South  Carolina,  ------- 

Government  Regulations,  respecting,  ------ 

Dry  Dock,  ---------- 

Wrecked  Vessels,  -  --  --  --  -- 

TRADE. 

Exports  of  Cotton,  Rice  and  Lumber,  ------ 

Prices  of  Cotton  and  Rice,  -------- 

Cotton — introduction  of  in  South  Carolina,  early  Exports  of,  &c.,  Sea 

Island  crops, . 

Rice — introduction  of  in  South  Carolina,  early  Exports  of,  and  Rice  Crops, 1 1 1 


PAGE. 

1 

8 

9 

11 

13 

20 

22 

25 

29 

36 

40 

46 

52 

53 

59 

60 
72 
76 
78 
80 
81 
82 
85 
88 

90 

103 

105 


Imports  of  Grain  and  Hay, 

Prices  of  Corn,  - 

Imports  of  Wine  and  Liquors, 

Imports  of  Sugar,  -  -  -  - 

“  “  Molasses,  -------- 

“  Coffee,  -  --  --  --  -- 

“  “  Salt, 

Trade  between  Great  Britain  and  the  Colonies,  - 

Foreign  Commerce — value  of  Exports, . 

“  “  “  Imports,  Duties,  &c.,  - 

Slave  Trade, . 

Trade  of  Charleston  and  Comparative  Table  of  Receipts  of  Crops, 

Post  Office, . 

Banks — condition  of . - 

Banks  and  Companies — capitals  and  dividends  of  - 

Provident  Institution  for  Saving,  ------ 

Exchange  Tables, 

South  Carolina  Rail  Road, 

Manufactories, 

Provision  Meat  Market, 

City  Accounts, 


123 

124 

125 

126 
127 

127 

128 
129 
131 
131 
136 
143 
149 
151 
160 
158 
161 
167 

172 

173 
175 


CONTENTS. 


Ylll. 


Births,  Marriages  and  Deaths, 
Public  Health, 
Meteorological  Tables, 
Tables  of  Causes  of  Death, 
City  Government, 

Appendix, 


PAGE. 

180 

183-194 

186 

233 

262 

262 


ERRATA. 

Page  16— Proportion  of  Free  Colored,  aged  20-30,  for  “17.27”  read  17.83. 

“  “  “  “  “  Males  to  Females,  for  “169.08”  read  169.80. 

Page  48 — Total  Number  of  Transient  and  Permanent  Poor  for  1842,  for  “583”  read  483. 

“  72 — Arrivals  of  Sloops  Coastwise  in  1848,  for  “8”  read  6. 

“  84 — 14th  line  from  bottom,  for  “Register’s  Tonnage”  read  registered  tonnage. 

“  93 — Total  Number  of  bushels  of  Rough  Rice  exported  in  J829-30,  for  “117,834”  read  171,834. 
“  94 — Exports  of  Sea  Island  Cotton  to  France  in  1832-3,  for  “3,703”  read  3,705. 

“  115— Exports  from  1st  November,  1772  to  2d  August,  1773,  for  “112,649”  read  112.469. 

“  118 — Total  Rice  Crop  of  Georgia  for  1824-5,  for  “8,253”  read  8,235. 

“  127 — Note  on  Imports  of  Coffee,  for  “weights  are  specified”  read  weights  are  not  specified. 
“  128 — No.  of  Sacks  of  Salt  in  1834,  for  “95,579”  read  95,597. 

“  132 — Exports  of  Domestic  Produce  in  Foreign  Vessels  in  1829-30,  for  2,060,113  read  2,063,113. 
“  140 — 4th  line  from  bottom,  for  “Charleston”  read  British. 

“  145 — 19th  line  from  top,  for  “tho  increased”  read  the  increased. 

“  145 — 3d  line  from  bottom  for  “edmands”  read  demands. 

“  167 — 4th  line  from  top,  for  “1331”  read  1831. 

“  172 — Mills  for  pounding  Rice,  “1  by  water”  omitted. 

“  180 — The  word  “Births”  omitted  over  table  at  foot  of  page. 

“  184 — Highest  degree  of  Thermometer  for  1758,  for  “95”  read  94. 

“  “  “  “  “  “  1759  for  “94”  read  93. 

“  191 — On  8th  column  of  upper  table,  for  “9  A.  M.”  read  7  A.  M. 

“  192 — Heading  of  table,  for  “1972”  read  1792. 

“  193 — Last  line,  for  “45.04”  read  45.84. 

“  196 — 9th  line  from  top,  for  “10,919”  read  19,919. 

“  199— 11th  line  from  top,  for  “15.66  per  cent.”  read  15.56  percent. 

“  200 — 10th  line  from  top,  for  “3.98”  read  3.38. 

“  “  19th  line  from  top,  for  “597”  read  579. 

“  201— 6th  line  from  top,  for  “1939”  read  1739. 

“  215 — 8th  line  from  top,  for  tables  marked  “/”  read  tables  marked  E. 

“  218 — 4th  line  from  bottom,  for  tables  marked  “a  and  5”  read  tables  marked  A  and  B. 

“  219— 14th  line  from  bottom,  for  tables  marked  “a  and  5”  read  tables  marked  A  and  B. 


CENSUS 


OF 


CHARLESTON. 


NUMBERS  OF  THE  POPULATION  IN  1848. 

The  total  number  of  inhabitants  in  the  City  of 
Charleston  in  1848,  as  ascertained  by  the  recent  Census 
taken  in  November,  was  26,451.  Comparing  this 
number  with  the  United  States  Census  of  1840,  there 
will  be  found  a  falling  off  in  population  of  2,810,  which 
diminution  is  confined  entirely  to  the  slaves  and  free 
colored.  As  regards  the  correctness  of  the  present 
Census,  we  believe  it  to  be  as  accurate  as  it  is  possible 
for  a  matter  of  this  kind  to  be — gentlemen  of  the  high¬ 
est  respectability  having  been  engaged  to  collect  the 
required  information — and  the  time  selected,  that  at 
which  the  City  is  generally  most  full. 

The  increase  in  the  white  population  since  1840  has 
been  1,157  or  8.87  per  cent,  whilst  in  the  colored 
population,  for  the  same  period,  there  has  been  a 
decrease  of  24.44  per  cent.  This  decrease  appears  to 
have  progressed  slowly  since  1840,  and  can  be  account¬ 
ed  for  only  in  this  way,  that  the  slaves  and  free  colored 

1 


2 


CENSUS  OP  CHARLESTON. 


have  removed  to  the  Neck,  beyond  the  corporate 
limits  of  the  City,  where  the  class  of  houses  suited  to 
their  condition  are  numerous,  and  obtained  at  moderate 
rents. 

The  increase  or  decrease  in  the  different  classes  of 
the  population,  according  to  the  United  States  Census 
taken  every  ten  years,  will  appear  from  the  tables  at 
the  botton  of  the  page. 

These  show  a  steady  increase  in  the  white  popula¬ 
tion  from  1790  to  the  present  time,  with  the  exception 
of  the  period  between  1810  and  1820,  when  there  was 
a  slight  diminution  of  505.  The  greatest  increase  was 
between  the  years  1820  and  1830,  being  20.41  per  cent, 
and  the  smallest  between  1830  and  1840  or  1.57  per 
cent.  In  the  period  of  eight  years,  from  1840  to  1848, 
the  increase  has  been  8.87  per  cent.  The  colored 
population  increased  from  1790  to  1830,  since  then  it 
has  been  decreasing,  and  in  the  eight  years  between 
1840  and  1848  the  decrease  has  been  3,967  or  24.44 
per  cent. 


White 

increase  or  Decrease. 

increase  or  Decrease  per  cent. 

Years. 

Population. 

Total. 

Annual. 

Total. 

Annual. 

1790 

8,089 

1800 

9,630 

1,541 

154.1 

19.17 

1.91 

1810 

11,568 

1,938 

193.8 

20.12 

2.01 

1820 

10,653 

505dec. 

50.5dec. 

4.36dec. 

.43  dec. 

1830 

12,828 

2,175 

217.5 

20.41 

2.04 

1840 

13,030 

202 

20.2 

1.57 

.15 

1848 

14,1871 1,157 

115.7 

8.87 

.88 

SLAVES  AND  FREE  COLORED. 

1790 

8,270 

1800 

10,843 

2,573 

257.3 

31.11 

3.11 

1810 

13,143 

2,300 

230. 

21.11 

2.11 

1820 

14,127 

984 

98.4 

7.48 

.74 

1830 

17,461 

3,334 

333.4 

23.60 

2.36 

1840 

16,231 

l,230dec. 

123.  dec. 

7.04dec. 

.70  dec. 

1848 

12,264 

3,967dec. 

396.7dec. 

24.44dec. 

2.44  dec. 

UNITED  STATES  CENSUS. 


3 


UNITED  STATES  CENSUS  OF  1790. 
White  Males . 


Under  16  years  of  age, 

1,561 

Over  16  44  44 

2,810 

T  otals 

4,371 

White  Females . 

3,718 

Total  whites. 

8.089 

Slaves. 

7,684 

Free  Colored. 

586 

Total  population. 

16,359 

UNITED  STATES  CENSUS 

of  1800. 

Whites. 

Males. 

Females, 

Totals. 

Under  10  years  1,323 

1,321 

2,644 

10  to  16  “  677 

670 

1,347 

16  to  26  “  882 

874 

1,756 

26  to  45  64  1,707 

1,270 

2,977 

Over  45  44  442 

464 

906 

Totals.  5,031 

4,599 

9,630 

Total  whites  9,630 

Total  slaves  9,819 

Total  free  colored  1,024 


Total  population.  20,473 
UNITED  STATES  CENSUS,  1810. 

Whites, 


Males. 

Females. 

Totals. 

Under  10  years 

1,292 

1,683 

2,975 

10  to  16 

a 

832 

953 

1,785 

16  to  26 

it 

1,511 

870 

2,381 

26  to  45 

it 

1,501 

1,352 

2,853 

Over  45 

a 

727 

847 

1,574 

Totals. 

5,863 

5,705 

11,568 

Total  whites 

11,568 

Total  slaves 

11,671 

Total  free  colored 

1,472 

Total  population. 

24,711 

4 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


UNITED  STATES  CENSUS,  1820. 

Whites . 


Males. 

Females. 

Totals. 

Under  10  years 

1,408 

1,359 

2,767 

10  to  16 

649 

825 

1,474 

16  to  26 

u 

1,147 

1,113 

2,260 

26  to  45 

u 

1,305 

1,192 

2,497 

Over  45 

u 

814 

841 

1,655 

Totals. 

5,323 

5,330 

10,653 

Slaves. 

Males. 

Females. 

Totals. 

Under  14  years 

2,047 

2,092 

4,139 

14  to  26 

u 

1,609 

2,255 

3,864 

26  to  45 

u 

1,400 

1,758 

3,158 

Over  45 

a 

639 

852 

1,491 

Totals. 

5,695 

6,957 

12,652 

Free 

Colored. 

Males. 

Females. 

Totals. 

Under  14  years 

267 

295 

562 

14  to  26 

u 

127 

172 

299 

26  to  45 

6i 

119 

216 

335 

Over  45 

U 

110 

169 

279 

Totals. 

623 

852 

1.475 

Total  whites 

10,653 

Total  slaves 

12,652 

Total  free  colored 

1,475 

0 


Total  population. 


24,780 


UNITED  STATES  CENSUS. 


5 


UNITED  STATES  CENSUS,  1830. 
Whites . 


Males. 

Females. 

Totals. 

Under  5  years 

935 

799 

1734 

5  to  10  “ 

750 

752 

1502 

10  to  15  “ 

692 

708 

1400 

15  to  20  14 

659 

810 

1469 

20  to  30  “ 

1242 

1329 

2571 

30  to  40  “ 

1056 

924 

1980 

40  to  50  “ 

532 

515 

1047 

50  to  60  44 

265 

364 

629 

60  to  70  44 

115 

184 

299 

70  to  80  44 

58 

86 

144 

80  to  90  “ 

19 

25 

44 

90  tolOO  44 

3 

5 

8 

Over  100  44 

1 

1 

Totals. 

6326  6502  12828 

Slaves. 

Males. 

Females. 

Totals. 

Under  10  years 

2125 

2311 

4436 

10  to  24  44 

2027 

2331 

4358 

24  to  36  44 

1465 

2074 

3539 

36  to  55  44 

900 

1288 

2188 

55  tolOO  44 

256 

567 

823 

Over  100  44 

4 

6 

10 

Totals, 

( 

Free 

3777  8577  15354 

Colored . 

Males. 

Females. 

Totals. 

Under  10  years 

374 

432 

806 

10  to  24  “ 

178 

336 

514 

24  to  36  “ 

155 

260 

415 

36  to  55  44 

62 

144 

206 

55  tolOO  “ 

44 

120 

164 

Over  100  44 

1 

1 

2 

Totals.  - 814  - 1293 - 2107 

Total  whites  12828 

Total  slaves  15354 

Total  free  colored  2,107 


Total  population.  30289 


6 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


UNITED  STATES  CENSUS,  1840. 
Whites, 


Males. 

Females. 

Totals. 

Under  5  years 

900 

918 

1,818 

5  to  10  “ 

648 

620 

1,268 

10  to  15  “ 

660 

558 

1,218 

15  to  20  “ 

699 

787 

1,486 

20  to  30  “ 

1,662 

1,196 

1,400 

3,062 

30  to  40  44 

854 

2,050 

1,108 

40  to  50  “ 

622 

486 

50  to  60  64 

283 

315 

598 

60  to  70  44 

99 

158 

257 

70  to  80  “ 

49 

81 

130 

80  to  90  44 

6 

20 

26 

f  90  tolOO  “ 

2 

6 

8 

Over  100  44 

1 

1 

Totals. 

6,827  6,203 - 13,030 

Slaves, 

Males. 

Females. 

Totals. 

Under  10  years 

1,893 

1,825 

2,089 

3,982 

10  to  24  “ 

2,3 1 3 

4,138 

24  to  36  “ 

1,581 

2,312 

3,893 

36  to  55  “ 

802 

1,273 

2,075 

55  tolOO  “ 

231 

347 

578 

Over  100  44 

2 

-  5 

7 

Totals. 

6,334 

Free 

8,339 

Colored. 

14,673 

Males, 

Females. 

Totals. 

Under  10  years 

253 

251 

504 

10  to  24  “ 

161 

296 

457 

24  to  36  44 

105 

232 

337 

36  to  55  4‘ 

48 

124 

172 

55  tolOO  44 

16 

69 

85 

Over  100  44 

3 

3 

Totals. 

- 583  975  1,558 

Total  whites  13,030 

Total  slaves  14,673 

Total  free  colored  1,558 

Total  population. 


29,261 


CITY  CENSUS,  1848. 


7 


WHITES. 

AGES. 

MALES. 

FEMALES. 

Wards. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

Total 

1 

2 

3 

4 

Tota 

GTotal 

under  1 

36 

41 

66 

70 

213 

26 

45 

72 

76 

219 

432 

1  to  5 

106 

148 

182 

252 

688 

110 

109 

200 

226 

645 

1333 

5  “  10 

119 

128 

208 

298 

753 

118 

152 

207 

304 

781 

1534 

10  “  20 

184 

270 

344 

561 

1359 

175 

237 

345 

537 

1294 

2653 

20  “  30 

257 

223 

487 

580 

1547 

252 

266 

408 

550 

1476 

3023 

30  “  40 

226 

196 

400 

430 

1252 

182 

207 

272 

439 

1100 

2352 

40  44  50 

136 

112 

186 

251 

685 

116 

149 

168 

257 

690 

1375 

50  44  GO 

68 

71 

86 

156 

381 

67 

91 

115 

154 

427 

808 

60  44  70 

40 

35 

44 

63 

182 

45 

54 

54 

107 

260 

442 

70  “  80 

15 

9 

15 

27 

66 

23 

25 

27 

44 

119 

185 

80  “  90 

1 

1 

5 

6 

13 

4 

7 

6 

15 

32 

45 

90  TOO 

1 

1 

*  1 

1 

1 

1 

4 

5 

Totals. 

1188 

1235 

2023 

2694 

7140 

1119 

1343 

1875 

2710 

7047 

14187 

SLAVES. 

under  1 

381 

70 

43 

76 

227 1 

39 

54 

40 

67 

200 

427 

1  to  5 

80 

133 

93 

159 

465 

65 

129 

126 

158 

478 

943 

5  “  10 

109 

142 

94 

185 

530 

106 

140 

112 

186 

544 

1074 

10  44  20 

198 

330 

196 

393 

1117 

206 

334 

265 

408 

1213 

2330 

20  44  30 

220 

295 

182 

340 

1037 

207 

272 

203 

359 

1041 

2078 

30  44  40 

173 

172 

124 

221 

690 

178 

240 

176 

290 

884 

1574 

40  44  50 

92 

120 

98 

148 

456 

120 

198 

143 

217 

678 

1134 

50  44  60 

42 

90 

47 

82 

261 

71 

129 

95 

148 

443 

704 

60  44  70 

18 

40 

30 

36 

124 

28 

67 

37 

72 

204 

328 

70  44  80 

8 

12 

6 

13 

39 

8 

28 

21 

18 

75 

114 

80  44  90 

5 

5 

1 

5 

16 

4 

11 

4 

6 

25 

41 

90  4100 

1 

4 

9 

7 

2 

3 

3 

2 

10 

17 

ov’rlOO 

1 

4 

5 

1 

1 

1 

3 

8 

Totals. 

985 

1413 

912 

1664 

4974 

1035 

1605 

1226 

1932 

5798 

10772 

FREE  COLORED. 

under  1 

4 

10 

3 

13 

30 

■  2 

7 

6 

8 

23 

53 

1  to  5 

5 

14 

22 

34 

75 

6 

18 

25 

41 

90 

165 

5  “  10 

1 

19 

20 

47 

87 

17 

13 

22 

48 

100 

187 

10  44  20 

10 

25 

25 

nn 

oo 

115 

13 

30 

48 

69 

160 

275 

20  44  30 

11 

11 

20 

40 

82 

12 

31 

46 

95 

184 

266 

30  4*  40 

3 

9 

16 

24 

52 

11 

28 

32 

60 

131 

183 

40  44  50 

6 

12 

13 

19 

50 

9 

17 

20 

44 

90 

140 

50  44  60 

5 

7 

7 

15 

34 

9 

10 

15 

40 

74 

108 

80  44  70 

3 

5 

o 

Aj 

6 

16 

9 

6 

9 

22 

46 

62 

70  44  80 

1 

o 

<w 

1 

2 

6 

4 

6 

2 

9 

21 

27 

80  44  90 

1 

3 

1 

1 

6 

I 

5 

4 

6 

16 

22 

90  ‘100 

1 

1 

2 

2 

ov’rlOO 

2 

2 

2 

Totals. 

50 

117 

130 

256 

553 

93 

171 

230 

445 

939 

1492 

8 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


/ 


POPULATION  OF  THE  WARDS. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

Totals. 

Male  whites 

1188 

1235 

2023 

2694 

7140 

Female  “ 

1119 

1343 

1875 

2710 

7047 

Male  slaves 

985 

1413 

912 

1664 

4974 

Female  “ 

1035 

1605 

1226 

1932 

5798 

Male  free  colored 

50 

117 

130 

256 

553 

Female  “ 

93 

171 

230 

445 

939 

Total  whites 

2307 

2578 

3898 

5404 

14187 

“  slaves 

2020 

3018 

2138 

3596 

10772 

“  free  col’d. 

143 

288 

360 

701 

1492 

“  population. 

4470 

5884 

6396 

9710 

26451 

PLACES  OF  BIRTH  AND  CLASSES  OF  THE 

POPULATION. 

The  places  of  birth  of  a  population  are  interesting 
topics  of  enquiry,  inasmuch  as  they  illustrate  the  degree 
to  which  foreign  labour  and  capital  are  attracted 
towards  a  community-  It  has  been  maintained  by  some 
writers,  that  without  an  influx  from  places  more  condu¬ 
cive  to  health  and  longevity  than  cities,  these  latter 
cannot  keep  up  their  population,  far  less  increase  it. 
With  a  view  to  ascertain  the  extent  of  this  supply  from 
foreign  sources  into  this  city,  enquiries  were  made  of 
each  head  of  a  family  as  to  the  place  of  birth  of  himself 
and  the  white  individuals  composing  his  household. 
The  result  of  their  investigations  are  stated  in  the  tables 
page  9.  From  those  tables  the  following  have  been 
constructed  showing  the  proportion  which  the  native 
born  bear  both  to  those  born  out  of  Charleston  but  in 
the  United  States,  and  those  born  out  of  the  United 
States. 


PLACES  OP  BIRTH,  9 


CLASSES  OF  PERSONS. 

Numbers. 

Wards. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

Total 

Born  in  Charleston,  - 

1,243 

1,659 

1,998 

3,329 

8,229 

Born  in  the  U.  S.,  but  not  in  Charleston, 

499 

467 

841 

1,132 

2,939 

Not  born  in  the  United  States, 

565 

452 

1,059 

943 

3,019 

n  each  100  there  were 

Born  in  Charleston,  ... 

53.87 

64.35 

51.25 

61.60 

58.00 

Born  in  the  U.  S.,  but  not  in  Charleston, 

21.62 

18.11 

21.57 

20.94 

20.72 

Not  born  in  the  United  States. 

24.44 

17.53 

27.16 

17.45 

21.28 

It  appears  by  these  tables  that  the  largest  proportion 
of  the  population  is  native,  being  58  per  cent,  of  the 
whole,  the  proportion  of  foreigners  slightly  exceeds  the 
proportion  of  those  born  in  the  United  States,  but  out 
of  Charleston,  being  21.28  per  cent,  of  the  latter  to 
20.72  per  cent,  of  the  former.  This  proportion  differs 
from  that  obtained  by  the  recent  Census  taken  of 
Boston.  In  that  city  the  proportion  of  foreigners  and 
natives  of  the  United  States  considerably  exceeding 
the  natives  of  the  city  itself,  the  numbers  standing  in 
the  following  relations — born  in  Boston,  35.92  per  cent.; 
born  in  United  States,  40.30  per  cent.;  not  born  in 
United  States,  23.70  per  cent.  In  Charleston  the 
native  population  exceeds  the  sum  total  of  the  non¬ 
native  ;  in  Boston  the  reverse  prevails.  The  proportion 
of  natives  and  foreigners  inhabiting  the  different  wards 
varies  considerably,  it  is  largest  in  Wards  No.  3  and  1, 
smallest  in  Wards  No.  2  and  4.  An  effort  was  also 
made  to  ascertain  the  number  of  foreigners  residing  in 
the  city  who  had  not  taken  out  their  papers  of  naturali¬ 
zation;  these  amount  in  all  to  514  or  12.45  per  cent  of 
the  whole  population,  and  17.02  percent,  of  the  whole 
foreign  population. 

Classes  of  the  Population. — The  most  marked 
division  of  the  population  in  this  city  is  into  white, 
slave,  and  free  blacks  and  colored.  It  is  impossible 
to  separate  the  free  blacks  from  the  free  colored 

population ;  these  latter  have  therefore  been  classed 

2 


10 


CENSUS  OP  CHARLESTON. 


together  under  the  genera!  term  of  free  colored.  The 
following  table  exhibits  the  proportion  which  these 
divisions  of  the  population  have  borne  to  each  other  in 
past  periods. 


Number  of  Persons. 

To  each  100  persons  there  were 

Years. 

Totals. 

Whites. 

Slaves. 

Free  Color’d 

Whites. 

Slaves. 

Free  Col’d. 

1790 

16,359 

8,089 

7.684 

586  . 

49.45 

46.97 

3.58 

1800 

20,473 

9,630 

9.819 

1,024  . 

47.04 

47.96 

5.00 

1810 

24,711 

11,568 

11,671 

1,472 

46.80 

47.25 

5.95 

1820 

24,780 

10,653 

12,652 

3,475 

42.99 

51.06 

5.95 

1824 

27,822 

12,357 

13,852 

3,613 

44.42 

49.79 

5.79 

1830 

30,289 

12,828 

15,354 

2,107 

42.36 

50.69 

6.95 

1840 

29,261 

13,030 

14,673 

3,558 

44.53 

50.14 

5.33 

1848 

26,451 

14,187 

10,772 

1.492 

53.64 

40.72 

5.64 

From  this  table  it.  appears  that  the  proportion  be¬ 
tween  the  white  and  colored  population  has  varied  at 
different  periods  of  our  history.  At  the  time  of  the 
taking  of  the  first  United  States  Census,  in  1790,  the 
white  exceeded  the  slave  population  by  about  3  per 
cent.  During  the  next  decade,  the  slaves  increased 
with  more  rapidity  than  the  whites,  and  at  the  com¬ 
mencement  of  the  present  century,  slightly  exceeded 
them  by  about  .89  per  cent.  From  this  period  up  to 
1830,  the  increase  of  the  slave  population  was  both 
absolutely  and  relatively  greater  than  that  of  the 
whites.  The  increase,  however,  ceased  in  1830,  and 
since  then  the  slave  population  has  diminished  in  num¬ 
ber,  In  the  ten  years  Irom  1830  to  1840,  the  decrease 
was  small,  and  the  slave  still  exceeded  the  white  popu¬ 
lation;  in  the  next  period,  however,  from  1840  to  1848, 
the  decrease  has  been  so  very  rapid,  that  in  this  last 
year,  the  white  not  only  exceeds  the  slave  population, 
but  exceeds  in  proportion  the  whole  colored  population, 
both  slave  and  free,  being  the  first  period  in  the  history 
of  the  city,  since  the  revolution,  that  such  a  state  of 
her  population  has  existed.  The  free  colored  popula- 


CLASSES  OF  POPULATION. 


11 


tion  also  in  the  forty  years  from  1790  to  1830  was 
steadily  on  the  increase,  their  numbers  haying  been 
nearly  quadrupled  within  that  period,  and  their  relative 
proportion  nearly  doubled.  Since  1830  this  class  has 
decreased  as  well  as  the  slave  population,  though  not 
in  as  great  a  ratio.  It  is  a  question  of  interest,  and 
one  of  some  importance  to  the  city,  as  to  the  cause  of 
this  rapid  decrease  of  her  slave  population.  Is  it  a 
bona  fide  decrease,  that  is  to  say,  have  nearly  3,000 
slaves  been  removed  from  the  city  and  its  neighborhood 
during  the  last  eight  years,  driven  away  by  free  labor 
introduced  from  abroad,  or  is  it  a  mere  change  of  do¬ 
micile?  It  is  probable  that  the  latter  is  the  case.  A 
populous  suburb,  separated  from  the  city  proper  only 
by  a  street,  without  very  efficient  police  regulations, 
exempt  in  a  great  measure  from  taxation,  attracts 
towards  it  self  yearly  a  considerable  number  of  this  class 
of  the  population.  There  they  live  at  lower  rents,  are 
freed  from  many  of  the  restraints  imposed  upon  them 
by  city  regulations,  while  they  enjoy  the  advantage  of 
being  able  at  all  times  to  seek  means  of  employment 
in  the  city. 

Proportion  of  Sexes. — There  has  been  but  little 
variation  in  the  relative  proportion  of  the  sexes  among 
the  white  population  of  the  city  since  1790.  There 
are  no  means  of  ascertaining  the  proportion  which  the 
females  have  borne  to  the  males  among  the  colored 
population  previous  to  1820,  as  in  the  United  States 
Census’  of  1790,  1800,  and  1810,  the  sex  and  ages  of 
this  class  of  the  population  were  not  taken.  For  the 
purpose  of  illustrating  the  proportion  which  the  sexes 
have  borne  to  each  other  in  different  periods,  the  fol¬ 
lowing  table  has  been  constructed,  exhibiting  the  rela¬ 
tive  proportion  of  the  sexes  from  1790  to  1848  for  the 


12 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


white  population,  and  from  1820  to  1848  for  the  colored 
population,  the  slaves  and  free  colored  being  classed 
together  in  this  table  under  one  head. 


Colored.  | 

To  each  100 
males  the  fe¬ 
males  were 

123.57 

130.04 

134.68 

121.87 

Whites. 

To  each  100 
males  the  fe¬ 
males  were 

O  o  OO  h  b  OD  b 

16  ©  *7  ©  (N  ©  oo 

00  ©  ©  O  O  ©  CO 

r-l  i— h 

|  To  each  100  persons  there  were 

Colored. 

■  — - 

M3 

O) 

g 

Hi 

oo  co  ©  oo 

C*  lO  00  CO 

lO  ic  »o  <00 

w 

"cl 

(Nh-np. 
CO  © 

Tp  CO  (N  no 
rr1  Tf  Tf 

Whites. 

M3 

13 

S 

03 

M) 

<D 

13 

©  CO  OJ  CO  00  — 1  00 

OhWOOOO 

•  •••••« 

lO  h  C)  O  O  h  C5 
Tf  lO  lO  TjH 

rH  tH  00  i>  ©  GS! 

O  ft  O  CO  CO  00  CO 

10  cl  6  d  oi  d  d 

uO  <0  <0  tiO  <i0 

NUMBER  OF  PERSONS. 

Colored. 

(fl 

<D 

IS 

s 

O 

&H 

©  O  tH  J> 
o  -  w 
oo  oo  oo  i> 

#N  »N  #V  ^ 

CJ  o  o 

m 

CD 

a 

00  ^h  i>  © 

H  05  H  H 

CO  <C  05  <o 

r>  fs  r«  •> 

Total. 

i""  H  rH  co 

C*  CO  00  rn 
t-h  <7*  (N 

r«  rs  ^ 

^  J>  CO  <0* 

r- <  — 1  rH  rH 

Whites. 

|  Females 

00  G  <C  O  W  P0 
h  05  O  CO  O  O  tH 

r-  io  i>  oo  io  o 

<n  r«  «n  f\  c\  «\  ct 

co  ri<  <o  <o  co  o  h 

Males. 

h  ^  CO  CO  O  h  O 
00  CD  <M  (M  (N  rf 
CO  O  00  CO  CO  0D  H 

r>  «N  «N  <N  «N 

tH  <o  <o  <o  CO  CO  t- 

Total. 

G  O  00  CO  00  O  h 
00  00  CO  lO  c*  co  00 

o  co  <o  CO  00  O  H 

r«  r>  r>  r\  r>  r\  r\ 

00  ©  1-H  O  0*  00 

rH  rH  — r  rH  rH 

1 

Years.  J 

O  O  O  O  O  O  00 
GOHWCO^^ 
C-  GO  GO  GO  00  00  00 

rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  f— 4 

From  this  table  it  appears  that  the  male  white  popu 


AGES  OF  THE  POPULATION. 


13 


lation  of  the  city  has  always  exceeded  the  female  except 
in  the  years  1820  and  1830,  when  there  was  a  slight 
excess  of  females.  This  is  contrary  to  the  proportion 
that  usually  prevails  in  cities,  the  female  usually  exceed¬ 
ing  the  male  population  by  from  10  to  20  per  cent. 
Among  the  colored  population,  on  the  contrary,  the 
females  uniformly  exceeded  the  males  in  an  unusually 
great  ratio.  The  subsequent  tables  will  shew  that  this 
excess  of  females  was  even  greater  among  the  free 
colored  population  than  among  the  slaves. 

The  ages  of  the  Population. — In  order  to  illus¬ 
trate  this  point,  the  following  table  has  been  arranged, 
exhibiting  the  ages  of  white,  slave  and  free  colored 
population,  as  far  as  they  could  be  obtained  from  the 
different  Census’  taken  by  the  United  States.  The 
last  table  is  calculated  from  the  returns  of  the  Census 
of  1848,  in  which  the  ages  of  the  colored  population 
were  taken  in  the  same  classes  of  age  as  the  whites. 
In  these  tables  the  males  are  distinguished  from  the 
females,  and  the  proportion  of  the  latter  to  each  100 
males  at  the  specified  ages  calculated : 


Classes  accord- 

NUMBER  OF  WHITES. 

To  each  100  per¬ 
sons  there  were 

To  each  100  males 

ing  to  age. 

Males. 

Females. 

Totals. 

the  females  were 

1800 

Under  10 

1,323 

1,321  - 

2,644 

27.46 

99.84 

10  to  16 

677 

670 

1,347 

13.99 

98.81 

16  to  26 

882 

874 

1,756 

18.23 

99.92 

26  to  45 

1,707 

1,270 

2,977 

30.91 

74.39 

Over  45 

442 

464 

906 

9.41 

104.97 

Totals. 

5,031 

4,599 

9,630 

100.00 

91.41 

1810 

Under  10 

1,292 

1,683 

2,975 

25.72 

130.26 

10  to  16 

832 

953 

1,785 

15.43 

114.55 

16  to  26 

1,511 

.870 

2,381 

20.58 

57.57 

26  to  45 

1,501 

1,352 

2,853 

24.66 

90.07 

Over  45 

727 

847 

1,574 

13.61 

116.50 

Totals. 

5,863 

5,705 

11,568 

100.00 

97.30 

1820 

Under  10 

1,408 

1,359 

2,767 

25.97 

95.52 

10  to  16 

649 

825 

1,474 

13.84 

127.11 

14 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


/ 


Classes  accord- 

NUMBER  OF  WHITES. 

To  each  100  per¬ 
sons  there  were 

To  eachlOOmales 

ing  to  age. 

Males. 

Females. 

Totals. 

the  females  were 

16  to  26 

1,147 

1,113 

2,260 

21.21 

97.03 

26  to  45 

1,305 

1,192 

2,497 

23.44 

91.34 

Over  45 

814 

841 

1,655 

15.54 

103.31 

Totals. 

5,323 

5,330 

10,653 

100.00 

100.12 

NUMBER  OF  SLAVES. 

Under  14 

2,047 

2,092 

4,139 

32.72 

121.95 

14  to  26 

1,609 

2,255 

3,864 

30.54 

140.14 

26  to  45 

1,400 

1,758 

3,158 

24.96 

125.57 

Over  45 

639 

852 

1,491 

11.78 

131.76 

Totals. 

5,695 

6,957 

12,652 

100.00 

125.15 

NUMBER  OF  FREE  COLORED. 

Under  14 

267 

295 

562 

38.10 

110.43 

14  to  26 

127 

172 

299 

20.27 

135.43 

26  to  45 

119 

216 

335 

22.71 

181.52 

Over  45 

110 

169 

279 

18.92 

153  63 

Totals. 

623 

852 

1,475 

100.00 

136.75 

NUMBER  OF  WHITES. 

1830 

Under  5 

935 

799 

1,734 

13.52 

85.45 

5  to  10 

750 

752 

1,502 

11.71 

100.26 

10  to  15 

692 

708 

1,400 

10.92 

102.31 

15  to  20 

659 

810 

1,469 

11.45 

122.91 

20  to  30 

1,242 

1,329 

2,571 

20.04 

107.00 

30  to  40 

1,056 

924 

1,980 

15.44 

87.50 

40  to  50 

532 

515 

1,047 

8.16 

98.80 

50  to  60 

265 

364 

629 

4.90 

137.35 

60  to  70 

115 

184 

299 

2.33 

160.00 

70  to  80 

58 

86 

144 

1.12 

148.27 

80  to  90 

19 

25 

44 

.34 

131.57 

90  to  100 

3 

5 

8 

.06 

166.66 

Over  100 

1 

1 

.01 

Totals. 

6,326 

6,502 

12,828 

100.00 

102.75 

NUMBER  OF  SLAVES. 

1830 

Under  10 

2,125 

2,311 

4,436 

28.89 

108.75 

10  to  24 

2,027 

2,331 

4,358 

28.39 

114.99 

24  to  36 

1,465 

2,074 

3,539 

23.05 

141.56 

36  to  55 

900 

1,288 

2,188 

14.25 

143.11 

55  to  100 

256 

567 

823 

5.35 

221.09 

Over  100 

4 

6 

10 

.07 

150.00 

Totals. 

6,777 

8,577 

15,354 

100.00 

126.65 

NUMBER  OF  FREE  COLORED. 

Under  10 

374 

432 

806 

38.25 

115.30 

10  to  24 

178 

336 

514 

24.40 

188.76 

24  to  36 

155 

260 

415 

19.70 

167.74 

36  to  55 

62 

144 

206 

9.78 

232.25 

55  to  100 

44 

120 

164 

7.78 

272.72 

Over  100 

1 

1 

2 

.09 

100.00 

Totals. 

814 

1,293 

2,107 

100.00 

158.83 

AGES  OF  THE  POPULATION. 


15 


Classes  according 
:  to  age. 

NUMBER  OF  WHITES.  r 

ro  each  100  per¬ 
sons  there  were 

To  each  100  males 

Males. 

Females. 

Totals. 

the  females  were 

j  1840 

Under  5 

900 

918 

1,818 

13.95 

120.00 

5  to  10 

648 

620 

1,268 

9.73 

94.13 

!  10  to  15 

660 

558 

1,218 

9.35 

84.23 

!  15  to  20 

699 

787 

1,486 

11.41 

112.60 

20  to  30 

1,662 

1,400 

3,062 

23.50 

84.21 

30  to  40 

1,196 

854 

2,050 

15.73 

71.40 

40  to  50 

622 

4  86 

1,108 

8.50 

78.13 

|i  50  to  60 

283 

31  5 

598 

4.60 

111.30 

60  to  70 

99 

158 

257 

1.97 

159.59 

1  70  to  80 

49 

81 

130 

.99 

179.58 

80  to  90 

6 

20 

26 

.20 

333.33 

;  90  to  100 

2 

6 

8 

.06 

300.00 

Over  100 

1 

1 

.01 

I  Totals. 

6,827 

6,203 

13,030 

100.00 

90.86 

I 

NUMBER  OF  SLAVES. 

j  1840 
Under  10 

1.893 

2,089 

3,982 

27.14 

110.35 

10  to  24 

1,825 

2,313 

4,138 

28.20 

126.73 

24  to  36 

1,581 

2,312 

3,893 

26.53 

146.23 

I  36  to  55 

802 

1,273 

2,075 

14.14 

157.73 

55  to  100 

231 

347 

578 

3.94 

150.21 

Over  100 

2 

5 

7 

.05 

250.00 

I  Totals. 

6,334 

8,339 

14,673 

100.00 

131.65 

NUMBER  OF  FREE  COLORED. 

Under  10 

253 

251 

504 

32.35 

99.99 

10  to  24 

161 

296 

457 

29.33 

183.85 

24  to  36 

105 

232 

337 

21.63 

221.42 

|  36  to  55 

48 

124 

172 

1  11.04 

258.33 

I  55  to  100 

16 

69 

85 

5.46 

431.24 

J  Over  100 

3 

3 

.19 

Totals. 

583 

975 

1,558 

100.00 

167.23 

NUMBER  OF  WHITES. 

1848 

Under  5 

901 

864 

1,765 

12.44 

95.89 

i!  5  to  10 

753 

781 

1,534 

10.81 

103.79 

10  to  15 

683 

646 

1,329 

9.37 

94.58 

!  15  to  20 

676 

648 

1,324 

9.33 

95.85 

20  to  30 

1,547 

1,252 

1,476 

3,023 

21.30 

95.41 

I  30  to  40 

1,100 

2,352 

16.58 

87.85 

J  40  to  50 

685 

690 

1,375 

9.69 

100.76 

J  50  to  60 

381 

427 

808 

5.70 

109.45 

60  to  70 

182 

260 

442 

3.12 

142.85 

!  70  to  80 

66 

119 

185 

1.30 

180.30 

80  to  90 

13 

32 

45 

.32 

246.15 

80  to  100 
Over  100 

1 

4 

5 

.04 

400.00 

1  Totals. 

7,140 

7,047 

14,187 

100.00 

98.66 

16 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Classes  according 
to  age. 

NUMBER  OF  SLAVES. 

To  each  100  per- 1 
sons  there  were 

To  each  100  males 

Males. 

Females. 

Totals. 

the  females  were 

1848 

Under  5 

692 

678 

1,370 

12.72 

97.97 

5  to  10 

530 

544 

1,074 

9.97 

102.75 

10  to  20 

1,117 

1,213 

1,041 

2,330 

21.63 

108.59 

20  to  30 

1,037 

2,078 

19.29 

100.38 

30  to  40 

690 

884 

1,574 

14.61 

128.11 

40  to  50 

456 

678 

1,134 

10.53 

148.68 

50  to  60 

261 

443 

704 

6.54 

169.61 

60  to  70 

124 

204 

328 

3.04 

164.51 

70  to  80 

39 

75 

114 

1.06 

192.30 

80  to  90 

16 

25 

41 

.38 

156.50 

90  to  100 

7 

10 

17 

.16 

142.86 

Over  100 

5 

3 

8 

.07 

60.00  | 

Totals. 

4,974 

5,798 

10,772 

100.00 

116.58 

NUMBER  OF  FREE  COLORED. 

Under  5 

105 

118 

218 

14.61 

107.61 

5  to  10 

87 

100 

187 

12.53 

114.94 

10  to  20 

115 

160 

275 

18.43 

139.13 

20  to  30 

82 

184 

266 

17.27 

224.39 

30  to  40 

52 

131 

183 

12.27 

251.92 

40  to  50 

50 

90 

140 

9.38 

180.00 

50  to  60 

34 

74 

108 

7.24 

217.64 

60  to  70 

16 

46 

62 

4.16 

287.50 

70  to  80 

6 

21 

27 

1.80 

350.00 

80  to  90 

6 

16 

22 

1.47 

266.66 

90  to  100 

2 

2 

.14 

- 

Over  100 

2 

2 

.14 

Totals. 

553 

939 

1,492 

100.00 

169.08 

From  these  tables  it  appears  that  the  proportion 
which  the  sexes  have  borne  to  each  other,  at  different 


ages,  has  varied  much  at  different  periods.  In  examin¬ 
ing  those  years  in  which  the  ages  of  the  white  popula¬ 
tion  was  taken  in  the  same  divisions,  viz  :  1800  to  1820, 
it  appears  that  in  the  classes  under  ten  in  1800,  the 
males  stood  to  the  females  as  100  to  99.84 ;  in  1810  the 
relation  was  changed,  and  the  females  exceeded  the 
males  by  30  per  cent.;  while  in  1820  the  proportion 
was  again  changed,  the  males  being  to  the  females  as 
100  to  95.52.  At  the  ages  between  10  and  16  the 
females  exceeded  the  males  in  1810  and  1820,  but  were 
exceeded  by  the  males  in  1800.  For  the  ages  over  45 
the  females  uniformly  exceeded  the  males.  In  examin- 


CLASSES  OF  POPULATION. 


17 


ing  the  ages  of  the  population  for  these  years,  it  will 
be  seen  that  in  1810  and  1820,  the  largest  proportion 
of  the  population  was  between  the  ages  of  26  and  45  ; 
in  1800  it  was  largest  under  10.  A  comparison  of  the 
ages  of  the  white  population  from  1830  to  1848,  shews 
a  larger  proportion  between  the  ages  of  5  and  15  in 
1830,  that  at  any  other  period.  In  examining  the  ages 
of  the  slaves  and  free  colored  for  the  years  1820,  1830, 
1840,  it  will  be  perceived  that  a  very  large  proportion 
were  under  ten  years  of  age ;  in  1830  the  proportion 
of  free  colored  under  ten  amounted  to  38.25  per  cent. 
The  rapid  diminution  in  the  per  centage  of  these  classes 
of  the  population  over  twenty-four  is  very  remarkable, 
and  more  marked  in  the  free  colored  than  in  the  slaves. 

The  enumerations  of  the  population  from  1800  to 
1820  shews  the  numbers  of  the  population  under  16, 
from  16  to  45,  and  over  45.  These  have  been  arrang¬ 
ed  in  classes  in  the  subjoined  tables,  and  shew  the 
largest  proportion  under  16  in  1800,  and  the  smallest 
in  1820;  in  1810  the  largest  proportion  was  between 
16  and  45. 


NUMBER  OF  PERSONS. 

IN  EACH 

100  THERE 

WERE. 

Years. 

All  ages. 

Under  16. 

16  to  45. 

Over  45. 

Under  16. 

16  to  45. 

Over  45. 

1800 

9,630 

3,991 

4,733 

906 

41.44 

49.15 

9.41 

1810 

11,568 

4,760 

5,234 

1,574 

41.15 

45.24 

13.61 

1820 

10,653 

4,241 

4,757 

1,655 

39.81 

44.65 

15.54 

“  It  has  been  said  that  a  country  is  placed  in  the  most 
favorable  circumstances  for  advancement  when  the 
largest  proportion  of  its  population  are  of  an  age  suited 
to  active  employments.”  This  age  has  been  variously 
estimated;  by  some  it  has  been  supposed  to  extend 
from  15  to  45,  by  others  the  period  has  been  advanced 
to  60,  and  this  latter  is  probably  most  correct,  as  most 
men  in  the  enjoyment  of  good  health  are  able  to  pro¬ 
long  their  labors  even  somewhat  beyond  this  period. 

For  the  purpose  of  illustrating  the  condition  of  the 

3 


18 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


population  in  this  respect,  the  following  table  has  been 
arranged,  exhibiting  the  proportions  under  15  from  15 
to  60,  and  over  60,  from  1830  to  1848. 


NUMBER  OF  PERSONS. 

IN  EACH 

100  THERE 

WERE. 

Years. 

All  ages. 

Under  15. 

15  to  60. 

Over  60. 

Under  15. 

15  to  60. 

Over  60. 

1830 

12,828 

4,636 

7,696 

496 

36.14 

59.99 

3.87 

1840 

13,030 

4,304 

8,304 

422 

33.04 

63.74 

3.22 

1848 

14.187 

4,628 

8,882 

677 

32.62 

62.60  | 

4.78 

From  this  table  it  appears  that  the  largest  proportion 
of  the  population  between  15  and  60  was  in  1840,  the 
smallest  in  1830.  If  these  proportions  are  compared 
with  those  of  other  cities,  it  will  be  perceived  that  in 
the  proportions  of  her  productive  class,  Charleston  is 
placed  in  as  favorable  circumstances  for  advancement 
as  most  of  the  cities  named,  except  Lowell.  The  pro¬ 
portions  of  these  classes  are  as  follows  : 


Under  15. 

15  to  60. 

Over  60. 

In  Lowell  it  was 

25.00 

73.68 

1.32 

In  New  York  city 

34.75 

62.65 

2.60 

In  Philadelphia 

32.69 

63.50 

3.81 

In  London 

30  84 

63.13 

6.03 

In  Liverpool 

32.93 

62.89 

4.18 

In  Boston 

30,99 

65.83 

3.18 

In  the  following  tables  the  population  has  been  divi¬ 
ded  into  those  over  20  and  those  under  20.  From  this 
statement  it  will  be  seen  that  since  1830  the  largest 
proportion  of  the  population  has  been  over  20  years 
of  age. 


Years. 

NUMBER  OF  PERSONS. 

IN  EACH  100  THERE  WERE. 

All  ages. 

Under  20. 

Over  20. 

Under  20. 

Over  20. 

1830 

12,828 

6,105 

6,723 

47.59 

52.41 

1840 

13,030 

5,790 

7,240 

44.44 

55.56 

1848 

14,187 

5,952 

8,235 

41.95 

58.05 

In  none  of  the  above  tables  have  the  males  been  dis¬ 
tinguished  from  the  females ;  in  the  following  this  divi¬ 
sion  has  been  made,  and  the  proportions  which  the 


5 


CLASSES  OF  POPULATION.  ]  9 


several  classes  bear  to  the  whole  number  calculated, 
and  the  proportions  of  the  males  to  the  females  in  each 
class. 


Classes. 

Males. 

Females. 

Total. 

To  each  100 
persons 
there  were 

To  each  100 
males  the  fe¬ 
males  were. 

To  each  100 
females  the 
males  were 

Under  5 

901 

864 

1,765 

12.44 

95.89 

104.27 

5  to  15 

1,436 

1,427 

2,863 

20.17 

99.36 

100.63 

Over  15 

4,803 

4,756 

9,559 

67.37 

99.02 

100.98 

Under  15 

2,337 

2,291 

4,628 

32.62 

98.02 

102.00 

15  to  60 

4,541 

4,341 

8,882 

62.60 

95.58 

104.55 

Over  60 

262 

415 

677 

4.78 

158.38 

63.10 

Under  20 

3,013 

2,939 

5,952 

41.95 

97.54 

102.51 

Over  20 

4,127 

4,108 

|  8,235 

58.05 

99.53 

100.46 

The  following  tables  have  been  arranged  to  show  the 


proportion  of  the  population  that  survive  specified 
ages,  and  in  the  same  table,  for  the  purposes  of  com¬ 
parison,  the  same  calculations  are  given  for  Boston, 
Liverpool  and  London.  From  this  statement  it  ap¬ 
pears,  that  up  to  the  age  of  thirty  the  proportion  sur¬ 
viving  is  nearly  the  same  in  this  city  as  in  London  and 
Boston,  and  somewhat  greater  than  in  Liverpool. 
From  thirty  upwards,  the  proportion  who  survive  is 
greater  here  than  in  Boston,  but  less  than  in  London, 
and  about  the  same  as  in  Liverpool.  For  the  purpose 
of  comparing  the  different  classes  of  the  population  the 
number  of  slaves  and  free  colored,  surviving  specified 


ages,  in  1848,  has  also  been  calculated. 


Age  sur¬ 
viving. 

CHARLESTON. 

Whites. 

Slaves. 

Free  col’d 

Boston. 

London. 

Liverpool- 

1830.] 

1840. 

1848. 

1848. 

1848. 

1845. 

1841. 

1841. 

Atbirth 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

5  years 

86.48 

86.05 

87.56 

87.28 

85.39 

87.37 

86.49 

84.97 

10 

tt 

74.77 

76.32 

76.75 

77.31 

72.86 

77.4  4 

75.96 

70.83 

15 

tt 

63.85 

66.97 

67.38 

66.50 

63.65 

69.01 

67.05 

59.77 

20 

u 

52.40 

55.56 

58.05 

55,68 

54.43 

59.43 

57.92 

40.34 

30 

tt 

32,36 

32  06 

36.75 

36.39 

36.60 

33.55 

38.96 

35.23 

40 

tt 

16.92 

16.33 

20.17 

21.78 

24.33 

16.08 

23.70 

21.32 

50 

tt 

8.76 

7.83 

10.48 

11.25 

14.95 

7.31 

12.60 

10.73 

60 

tt 

3.86 

3.23 

4.78 

4.81 

7.71 

3.15 

5.62 

4.83 

70 

tt 

1.53 

1.26 

1.66 

1.67 

3.53 

.99 

1.85 

1.64 

80 

tt 

.41 

.27 

.36 

.61 

1.75 

.21 

.35 

.35 

90 

tt 

.07 

.07 

.04 

.23 

.28 

.02 

.03 

.03 

20 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


DWELLING  HOUSES  OF  THE  POPULATION. 

In  the  schedules  used  by  the  enumerators,  the  fol¬ 
lowing  enquiries  were  made  on  this  subject:  1st. 
Location.  2d.  Whether  brick  or  wood.  3d.  Number 
of  families  in  the  house.  4th.  Whether  used  for  any 
other  purpose.  5th.  Whether  the  occupant  owned  the 
house.  From  the  answers  to  these  enquiries  the  fol¬ 
lowing  table  has  been  formed,  containing  an  abstract  of 
all  the  information  obtained. 


5  CLASSES  OF  DWELLING  MOUSES. 

WARDS. 

No. 

No. 

No. 

No. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

Total. 

Inhabited — brick 

262 

153 

333 

401 

1,149 

“  wood 

137 

333 

361 

686 

1,517 

Total  inhabited. 

399 

486 

694 

1,087 

2,666 

Used  as  stores,  offices,  &c. 

129 

20 

119 

90 

358 

Inhabited  by  1  family 

117 

185 

168 

314 

784 

“  “  2  families 

10 

7 

18 

30 

65 

u  a  g  a 

3 

5 

0 

4 

12 

a  a  ^  a 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

“  “  6  “ 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

Owned  by  an  occupant — Total. 

130 

198 

186 

348 

862 

Inhabited  by  1  family 

207 

231 

397 

647 

1,482 

“  “  2  families 

39 

41 

75 

80 

235 

U  U  2  (t 

16 

10 

21 

6 

53 

a  u  4  a 

6 

4 

11 

5 

26 

a  a  u 

1 

2 

1 

1 

5 

a  a  0  a 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

«  a  0  -  a 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

u  10  “ 

0 

0 

1 

0 

1 

Not  owned  by  occupant — Total. 

269 

288 

508 

739 

1,804 

Building  and  vacant  brick 

31 

4 

17 

17 

69 

“  “  wood 

8 

9 

15 

22 

54 

Total  dwelling  houses. 

438 

499 

726 

1,126 

2,789 

Number  of  families  in  each  ward 

508 

589 

887 

1,236 

3,220 

“  “  “  u  house 

1.15 

1.18 

1.22 

1.09 

1.20 

“  of  persons  to  a  house 

5.78 

5.32 

5.61 

4.98 

5.32 

“  of  “  “  family. 

4.54 

4.34 

4.39 

4.46 

4.40 

This  table  the  exhibits  number  and  the  classes  of  the 


houses  in  each  ward  ;  the  number  of  families  in  each 


FAMILIES. 


21 


ward  ;  the  number  of  families  in  each  house  ;  the  num¬ 
ber  of  persons  to  a  house  and  to  a  family,  and  how 
owned.  The  total  number  of  inhabited  houses  was 
2,666,  and  the  total  number  of  families  3,220  or  1.20 
families  to  each  house,  and  4,40  persons  to  each 
family. 

The  number  of  families  to  a  house,  and  the  number 
of  persons  to  each  family,  &c.  vary  in  the  different 


wards. 

Smallest. 

Largest. 

The  number  of  families. 
The  number  of  families 

Ward. 

1 

4 

to  a  house. 

The  number  of  persons 

a 

4 

3 

to  a  house. 

The  number  of  persons 

a 

4 

1 

to  a  family. 

a 

2 

1 

The  number  of  dwelling  houses  in  the  city  in  1820, 
as  reported  by  the  City  Assessor,  were  2,336;  in  1830, 
2,481,  and  in  1840,  2,804.  According  to  the  recent 

enumeration  there  are  3,147  houses,  out  of  which  num- 

•»» 

ber  2,789  are  used  partially  or  entirely  as  dwellings, 
and  358  as  stores,  &c.  In  the  Spring  of  1838  between 
five  and  six  hundred  houses,  exclusive  of  out  buildings, 
were  destroyed  by  fire,  and  we  were  desirous  of  show¬ 
ing  the  number  and  description  of  houses  erected  since 
then,  but  the  information  obtained  from  the  City  records 
was  so  meagre  as  to  preclude  the  possibility  of  our 
making  the  slightest  approximation  to  a  correct  state¬ 
ment.  The  number  of  houses  however,  at  present,  is 
larger  than  prior  to  the  fire,  and  are  mostly  superior  in 
size  and  comfort  to  those  destroyed. 

The  next  table  exhibits  the  number  of  families  in¬ 
habiting  the  different  classes  of  houses. 


22 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


CLASS  OF  HOUSES. 

Owned 
by  occu¬ 
pant. 

N  umber 
of  fami¬ 
lies. 

Not  own¬ 
ed  by  oc¬ 
cupant. 

Number 
of  fami¬ 
lies. 

Total 

Houses. 

Total 

families. 

Inhabited 

by  1  family 

784 

784 

1,482 

1,482 

2,266 

2,266 

(< 

“  2  “ 

65 

130 

235 

470 

300 

600 

\  u 

“  3 

12 

36 

53 

159 

65 

195 

a 

“  4  “ 

0 

0 

26 

104 

26 

104 

ii 

“  5  “ 

0 

0 

5 

25 

5 

25 

u 

6  “ 

1 

6 

1 

6 

2 

12 

u 

“  8  “ 

0 

0 

1 

8 

1 

8 

u 

“  10  “ 

0 

0 

1 

10 

1 

10 

Total. 

862 

956 

1,804 

2,264 

2,666 

3,220 

SUPPLY  OF  WATER  TO  THE  POPULATION. 

It  was  deemed  important  to  obtain  some  information 
on  this  subject,  and  accordingly  in  the  printed  schedules 
used  by  the  enumerators,  the  following  questions  were 
inserted.  1st.  Have  you  a  well  of  water  in  your  yard? 
2d.  Have  you  a  cistern  for  rain  water?  It  was  not 
deemed  important  to  make  any  enquiries  as  regards  the 
quality  of  the  water  supplied  by  wells,  as  for  the  most 
part  it  is  not  drinkable,  and  hardly  fit  for  washing  or 
culinary  purposes.  This  water,  however,  bad  as  it  is, 
is  used  by  many  families  who  have  no  cisterns,  particu¬ 
larly  in  the  western  and  upper  parts  of  the  city  where 
the  land  is  high  and  sandy ;  but  to  those  living  in  the 
lower  parts  of  the  city,  and  accustomed  to  the  use  of 
cistern  water,  the  well  water,  even  the  purest  of  it,  has 
a  strong  saline  and  disagreeable  taste  ,  in  fact  animals 
from  the  country  will  sometimes  suffer  long  from  thirst 
before  they  can  be  brought  to  drink  it.  This  state  of 
things  has  existed  from  the  first  settlement  of  the  city, 
and  strange  indeed  it  is,  that  no  action  has  ever  been 


SUPPLY  OF  WATER  TO  THE  POPULATION. 


23 


taken  by  the  City  authorities  until  but  very  recently  to 
correct  this  evil  and  supply  the  citizens  with  an  element 
so  necessary  to  their  health  and  comfort. 

During  periods  of  drought  the  wells  and  cisterns  both 
often  fail;  and  awful  conflagrations  have  occurred, 
which,  no  doubt,  would  have  been  soon  extinguished 
could  a  proper  supply  of  water  have  been  obtained. 

Mr.  Holmes,  in  his  “  notes  on  the  Geology  of 
Charleston,”  informs  us  that  the  springs  which  supply 
the  wells  in  the  city  are  not  more  than  from  twelve  to 
eighteen  feet  below  the  surface,  in  strata  of  white  and 
gray  sand,  mixed  with  pebbles  ;  these,  he  says,  are  sup¬ 
ported  by  others  of  stiff  blue  clay  and  of  clay  and 
sea  shells  mixed,  below  which  is  a  stratum  of  a  sub¬ 
stance  resembling  peat.  All  of  these  strata  emit  a 
foetid  odor,  and  must  not  be  penetrated  in  digging,  the 
water  being  so  offensive  as  to  be  unfit  for  use  ;  hence 
the  wells  in  the  city  are  seldom  more  than  twelve  or 
sixteen  feet  deep.  These  wells  are  dependent  upon 
the  rains,  which  percolating  from  the  surface,  are  ob¬ 
structed  in  their  descent  and  held  by  this  impervious 
layer  of  blue  mud. 

The  sinks  in  the  city  being,  generally  speaking,  of 
the  same  depth  as  the  wells,  and  not  far  removed,  must 
necessarily  injure  the  water  in  some  degree,  by  adding 
to  the  impurities  which  it  has  already  accumulated 
while  lying  upon  the  surface. 

In  1823  an  Artesian  Well  was  commenced  in  the 
Poor  House  yard,  under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Moser, 
and  by  authority  of  the  City  Council.  This,  from 
some  cause,  was  abandoned,  and  no  further  effort  was 
made  until  1847,  when  the  present  administration  made 
an  appropriation  for  a  similar  purpose.  The  well  was 
commenced  and  carried  to  the  depth  of  323  feet,  and 
likewise  abandoned.  A  few  months  since  the  Council 


24 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


succeeded  in  procuring  the  services  of  a  gentleman 
having  great  experience  in  these  matters,  under  whose 
superintendance  the  depth  of  836  feet  has  been  attained, 
writh  very  flattering  prospects  of  speedy  success. 
Should  this  attempt,  however,  also  fail,  we  hope  that 
the  City  authorities  will  direct  their  attention  to  some 
other  mode  of  supplying  the  city  with  a  plentiful  supply 
of  water. 

Whilst  writing  the  alarm  of  fire  is  given,  and  proceeds 
from  a  Cotton  Press  within  eighty  yards  of  us  ;  on  re¬ 
pairing  to  the  spot,  the  remarks  made  on  the  previous 
page  relative  to  the  scanty  supply  of  water  in  seasons 
of  drought,  was  practically  illustrated.  The  fire  en¬ 
gines  were  promptly  on  the  spot,  but  the  wells  in  the 
neighborhood  failed  in  about  ten  minutes,  and  had  the 
fire  not  occurred  in  the  third  story  of  a  brick  building 
with  slate  roof,  much  valuable  property  would  have  been 
destroyed  while  the  firemen  were  hunting  for  water. 

The  following  table  shows  the  number  of  houses,  in 
the  city,  supplied  with  cisterns  and  wells  in  the  different 
wards : 


1 

WARDS. 

2  |  3  4 

Total,  j 

Houses  having  a  well, 

i96 

242 

,317 

708 

1463 

Houses  having  a  cistern, 

53 

40 

110 

54 

257 

Houses  having  both  a  cistern  and  well, 

172 

136 

165 

218 

691 

Houses  having  2  cisterns  and  1  well, 

4 

4 

1 

2 

11 

Houses  having  3  cisterns  and  1  well, 

1 

0 

0 

1 

2 

Houses  having  2  cisterns  and  2  wells, 

2 

1 

1 

4 

8 

Houses  having  2  cisterns, 

Houses  having  1  cistern  and  2  wells, 

1 

3 

1 

0 

5 

5 

5 

2 

1 

.  13 

Houses  having  3  wells, 

1 

1 

0 

0 

2 

Houses  having  2  wells, 

1 

10 

6 

8 

25 

Houses  having  1  cistern  and  3  wells, 

0 

3 

0 

4 

7 

Houses  having  1  cistern  and  4  wells, 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

Houses  having  3  cisterns  and  2  wells, 

0 

0 

0 

2 

2 

Houses  having  2  cisterns  and  3  wells, 

0 

0 

0 

2 

2 

Houses  having  neither  cistern  or  well, 

54 

36 

184 

80 

354 

DOMESTIC  CONDITION.  25 

DOMESTIC  CONDITION  OF  THE  POPULA¬ 
TION, 

In  order  to  obtain  some  information  on  this  impor¬ 
tant  subject,  which  has  lately  engaged  the  attention  of 
Statisticians  both  at  home  and  abroad,  such  questions 
were  introduced  into  the  schedules  as  enabled  us  to  as¬ 
certain  the  number  of  the  married  and  widowed  of  each 
sex,  Foreign  and  American,  with  their  respective  ages. 
By  deducting  the  total  amount  of  these  from  the  whole 
number  of  inhabitants,  the  number  of  single  persons  is 
ascertained — from  these  data  we  have  obtained  the  fol¬ 
lowing  results. 

The  table  below  exhibits  the  relative  proportions  at 
different  ages  of  the  Americans  and  Foreigners  : 


NUMBER  OF  PERSONS. 

To  each  100 

there  were. 

Age. 

AMERICANS. 

FOREIGNERS. 

AMERICANS. 

FOREIGNERS 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males. 

Females. 

Males 

|Females 

und’r20 

0 

46 

0 

15 

3.11 

20  to  30 

247 

554 

113 

260 

19.48 

37.46 

14.38 

40.6? 

30  to  40 

466 

450 

345 

227 

36.75 

30.43 

43.89 

35,4" 

40  to  50 

305 

288 

173 

88 

24.05 

19.47 

22.01 

13.7F 

50  to  60 

155 

102 

106 

37 

12.22 

6.90 

13.49 

5.7S 

60  to  70 

71 

28 

32 

9 

5.60 

1.89 

4.07 

1.4? 

70  to  80 

19 

8 

17 

4 

1.50 

.54 

2.16 

.62 

Over  80 

5 

3 

0 

0 

.40 

.20 

Totals. 

1,268 

1.479 

786 

640 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

From  this  it  appears  that  at  the  ages  between  20  and 
30  the  married  male  Americans  were  19.48  per  cent., 
and  the  Foreigners  14.38  per  cent.,  and  the  American 
females  37,46  per  cent,,  and  the  Foreigners  40.63  per 
cent,  of  the  entire  number  of  each  class.  Between  the 
ages  of  30  and  40  the  proportion  of  Foreigners  of  both 
sexes  is  greater  than  that  of  the  Americans. 

The  next  table  gives  the  number  of  the  unmarried, 
married  and  widowed  of  each  sex,  at  different  ages, 

and  the  proportion  to  the  whole  population  at  those  ages. 

4 


26 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


From  this  many  interesting  facts  have  been  obtained, 
and  are  now  presented.  A  man  living  at  the  age  of 
30  to  35  has  35.92  chances  in  a  hundred  that  he  will 
never  be  married;  62.31  that  he  will  be  married  and 
1-76  that  he  will  be  a  widower.  A  female  of  the  same 


age  has  25.88  in  100  that  she  will  be  unmarried,  63.83 
that  she  will  be  married,  and  10.29  that  she  will  be  a 
widow.  A  man  living  at  the  age  of  60  to  65  has  19.84 
chances  in  100  that  he  will  never  marry,  60.32  that  he 
will  marry  and  19.84  chances  in  100  that  he  will  be  a 
widower.  A  woman  living  at  the  same  age  has  23.31 
chances  in  100  that  she  will  be  unmarried,  15.95  that 
she  will  marry,  and  60,74  that  she  will  be  a  widow. 
The  chances,  therefore,  of  being  widowed  are  as  10.29 
to  1.76  per  cent,  greater  in  the  female  than  the  male  at 
the  age  of  30  to  35,  and  at  the  age  of  60  to  65  they  are 
as  60.74  to  19.84  per  cent,  greater. 


NUMBER  OF  PERSONS. 


In  each  100  there  were 


Classes  according 
to  age. 

Whole 

number 

Unmar¬ 

ried. 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Unmarried. 

Married. 

Widowed 

Males. 

15  to  20 

676 

676 

0 

1 

99.85 

0.00 

0.15 

20  to 

25 

803 

702 

99 

2 

87.42 

12.33 

0.25 

25  to 

30 

744 

477 

261 

6 

64.12 

35.08 

0.80 

30  to 

35 

682 

245 

425 

12 

35.92 

62.31 

1.76 

35  to 

40 

570 

163 

386 

21 

28.60 

67.71 

3.69 

40  to 

45 

364 

99 

247 

18 

27.20 

67.86 

4.94 

45  to 

50 

321 

66 

231 

24 

20.56 

71.96 

7.48 

50  to 

55 

219 

54 

148 

17 

24.66 

67.58 

7.76 

55  to 

60 

162 

33 

113 

16 

20.37 

69.75 

9.88 

60  to 

65 

126 

25 

76 

25 

19.84 

60.32 

19.84 

65  to 

70 

56 

12 

27 

17 

21.43 

48.21 

30.36 

70  to 

75 

40 

7 

20 

13 

17.50 

50.00 

32.50 

75  to 

80 

26 

7 

16 

3 

26.92 

61.54 

11.54 

Over 

80 

14 

5 

4 

5 

35.71 

28.58 

35.71 

Totals. 

4803 

2570 

2053 

180 

53.51 

42.74 

3.75 

Females. 

15  to  20 

♦ 

648 

587 

61 

0 

90.58 

9.42 

0.0 

20  to 

25 

756 

400 

341 

15 

52.91 

45.10 

1.99 

25  to 

30 

720 

204 

473 

43 

28.33 

65.70 

5.97 

30  to 

35 

564 

146 

360 

58 

25.88 

63.83 

10.29 

35  to 

40 

536 

128 

317 

91 

23.88 

59.14 

16.98 

40  to 

45 

435 

96 

246 

93 

22.07 

56.55 

|  21.38 

DOMESTIC  CONDITION. 


27 


NUMBER  OF  PERSONS. 

In  each  100  there 

were 

Classes  according 
to  age. 

Whole 

number. 

Unmar¬ 

ried. 

Married. 

Widowed. 

Unmarried. 

Married. 

Widowed. 

45  to  50 

255 

49 

130 

76 

19.22 

50.98 

29.80 

50  to  55 

266 

52 

89 

125 

19.56 

33.45 

46.99 

55  to  60 

161 

28 

50 

83 

17.39 

31.06 

51.55 

60  to  65 

163 

38 

26 

99 

23.31 

15.95 

60.74 

65  to  70 

97 

14 

11 

72 

14.43 

11.34 

74.23 

70  to  75 

80 

9 

8 

63 

11.25 

10.00 

78.75 

75  to  80 

39 

4 

4 

31 

10.25 

10.26 

79.49 

Over  80 

36 

5 

3 

28 

13.89 

8.34 

77.77 

Totals. 

4756 

1760 

2119 

877 

37.00 

44.56 

18.44 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  number  and  propor¬ 
tions  of  the  different  classes.  The  unmarried  men  over 


15  were  2,571  or  1  in  5.5  of  the  whole  population ;  the 
married  2,053  or  1  in  6.9;  and  the  widowers  180  or  1 
in  787.  The  unmarried  women  over  15  were  1,760  or 
1  in  80  of  the  whole  population  ;  the  married  2,119  or  1 
in  6.6,  and  the  widowed  887  or  1  in  16. 


Ages. 

Condition. 

MALES. 

FEMALES. 

BOTH. 

Number. 

In  each  100 

Number. 

In  eacli  100 

Number 

In  each  100 

Over  15 

Unmarried 

2,571 

53.51 

1,760 

37.00 

4,331 

44.14 

Married 

2,053 

42.74 

2,119 

44.56 

4,172 

43.54 

W  ido  wed 

180 

3.75 

877 

18.44 

1,057 

11.05 

15  to  60 

Unmarried 

2,515 

52.38 

1,690 

35.53 

4,205 

43.98 

Married 

1,910 

39.76 

2,067 

43.25 

3,977 

41.60 

Widowed 

117 

2.43 

584 

12.27 

701 

7.34 

Over  60 

Unmarried 

56 

1.16 

70 

1.47 

126 

1.31 

Married 

143 

2.97 

52 

1.09 

195 

2.09 

Widowed 

63 

1.31 

293 

6.13 

356 

3.72 

The  excess  of  widows  over  the  widowers  is  very 
large,  being  887  of  the  former  to  180  of  the  latter. 
This,  however,  does  not  appear  to  be  peculiar  to 
Charleston,  as  will  appear  from  the  following  compara¬ 
tive  table  taken  from  Mr.  Shattuck’s  Census  of  Boston : 


28 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Places. 

Population. 

To  each  100  of  the  whole  population  there 

were 

MALES. 

FEMALES. 

Unmar’d 

Mar’ied 

Widow’s 

Unmar’d 

Married 

Widows 

Charleston,  1848 

14,187 

34.51 

14.47 

1.28 

28.55 

14.93 

6.18 

Boston,  1845 

114,366 

32.97 

16.33 

.45 

30.67 

16.25 

3.33 

Dublin,  1841 

232,726 

28.46 

14.69 

1.82 

32.51 

12.57 

6.95 

Ireland,  1841 

7, 039,659 

34.46 

13.92 

1.34 

34.47 

14.30 

3.51 

Paris,  1841 

1,194  503 

29.92 

20.46 

1.83 

22.09 

20.18 

5.52 

France,  1841 

34,230,178 

28.28 

18.95 

2.18 

27.03 

18.87 

4.69 

Denmark,  towns 

79,057 

32.76 

15.02 

1.76 

29.99 

14.75 

5.72 

Denmark  county 

223  614 

31.73 

16.85 

1.99 

28.72 

16.81 

3.90 

The  annexed  table  is  the  one  from  which  the  forego¬ 
ing  abstracts  have  been  taken . 


AMERICAN  MALES. 

FOREIGN  MALES. 

TotalAme- 
rican  and 

Ages. 

Married 

Single. 

Widowed. 

Total 

Married 

Single 

Widowed. 

Total 

Foreign. 

15  to  20 

564 

1 

565 

111 

111 

676 

20  to  25 

70 

488 

1 

557 

29 

216 

1 

246 

803 

25  to  30 

177 

265 

4 

448 

84 

212 

2 

295 

744 

30  to  35 

238 

119 

9 

366 

187 

126 

3 

316 

682 

35  to  40 

228 

86 

13 

327 

158 

77 

8 

243 

570 

40  to  45 

162 

56 

10 

228 

85 

43 

8 

136 

364 

45  to  50 

143 

38 

17 

198 

88 

28 

7 

123 

321 

50  to  55 

90 

32 

13 

135 

58 

22 

4 

84 

219 

55  to  60 

65 

14 

7 

88 

48 

19 

9 

76 

162 

60  to  65 

54 

15 

16 

85 

22 

10 

9 

41 

126 

65  to  70 

17 

8 

12 

37 

10 

4 

5 

19 

56 

70  to  75 

13 

4 

6 

23 

7 

3 

7 

17 

40 

75  to  80 

6 

2 

1 

9 

10 

5 

2 

17 

26 

80  to  85 

2 

1 

2 

5 

0 

2 

3 

5 

10 

85  to  90 

2 

1 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

90  to  95 

1 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

95  tolOO 

0 

AMERICAN  FEMALES. 

FOREIGN  FEMALES. 

15  to  20 

46 

531 

0 

577 

15 

56 

0 

71 

648 

20  to  25 

243 

324 

11 

578 

98 

76 

4 

178 

756 

25  to  30 

311 

149 

27 

487 

162 

55 

16 

233 

720 

30  to  35 

234 

110 

45 

389 

126 

36 

13 

175 

564 

35  to  40 

216 

107 

76 

399 

101 

21 

15 

137 

536 

40  to  45 

190 

82 

73 

345 

56 

14 

20 

90 

435 

45  to  50 

98 

40 

54 

192 

32 

9 

22 

63 

255 

50  to  55 

68 

48 

95 

211 

21 

4 

30 

55 

266 

55  to  60 

34 

26 

68 

128 

16 

2 

15 

33 

161 

60  to  65 

20 

31 

76 

127 

6 

7 

23 

36 

163 

65  to  70 

8 

9 

46 

63 

3 

5 

26 

34 

97 

70  to  75 

6 

6 

52 

64 

2 

3 

11 

16 

80 

75  to  80 

2 

3 

27 

32 

2 

1 

4 

7 

39 

80  to  85 

2 

3 

7 

12 

0 

1 

8 

9 

21 

85  to  90 

1 

1 

5 

7 

0 

0 

4 

4 

11 

90  to  95 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

2 

2 

95  tolOO 

0 

0 

1 

1 

0 

0 

1 

2 

2 

OCCUPATIONS. 


29 


OCCUPATIONS  OF  THE  POPULATION. 

This  is  the  first  time  that  an  attempt  has  ever  been 
made  in  Charleston  to  obtain  positive  information  rela¬ 
tive  to  the  occupations  of  the  inhabitants.  In  the 
United  States  Census,  taken  every  ten  years,  the  occu¬ 
pations,  under  general  heads,  such  as  Commerce, 
Agriculture,  Mining,  &c.,  have  been  noted  by  districts, 
which  prevents  our  obtaining  any  information  on  this 
head  relative  to  the  City  proper,  for  past  years.  In 
taking  the  present  Census  there  was  a  space  left  in  the 
Schedules  headed  occupations,  and  the  Enumerators 
desired  to  enquire  of  each  head  of  a  family  his  occupa¬ 
tion,  trade  or  profession,  as  well  as  that  of  each  mem¬ 
ber  of  his  household  capable  of  labor,  and  to  write  the 
same  opposite  to  the  name  of  the  individual.  By  this 
mode  we  have  succeeded  in  obtaining  a  very  near  ap¬ 
proximation  to  the  end  desired. 

In  arranging  an  abstract  of  this  information  we  have 
adopted  the  plan  of  Mr.  Shattuck,  classifying  the  occu¬ 
pations  according  as  they  contribute  to  personal  neces¬ 
sities  and  comfort,  under  fourteen  heads,  as  follows  : 

Whites . 


1- 

-Those  contributing  to  Building, 

224 

2 

u 

44 

“  Education, 

54F 

49 

3 

u 

44 

“  Food, 

91F 

529 

4 

u 

a 

44  Furniture, 

IF 

138 

5 

44 

a 

44  Health, 

6F 

138 

6 

44 

44 

44  Religion, 

52 

7 

44 

44 

44  Justice, 

278 

8 

u 

44 

44  Literature  and 

Fine  Arts, 

122 

9 

u 

<4 

44  Locomotion, 

95 

10 

u 

44 

44  Machinery, 

20 

11 

u 

44 

44  Navigation, 

278 

30 

CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON 

Whites . 

12- 

—Those  contributing  to  Clothing, 

230F 

334 

13 

Unclassified  Mechanics, 

97 

14 

“  Residue  of  Population, 

134F 

1569 

Total. 

516F 

3923 

The  total  number  of  male  whites,  in  the  city,  between 
20  and  90  years  of  age  were  3,547  for  the  year  ending 
the  first  of  December,  1848,  deducting  this  amount  from 
the  ascertained  occupations,  3,923,  and  there  remains 
376  under  twenty,  wdio  are  engaged  in  the  various 
active  pursuits  of  life. 


The  occupations  of  the  blacks  and  free  colored  have 
been  arranged  in  the  same  manner,  and  are  as  follows  : 

Blacks. 


1- 

-Those  contributing  to  Building, 

213 

2 

“  “  “  Clothing, 

57F 

46 

3 

“  “  “  Food, 

30F 

75 

4 

“  “  “  Furniture, 

12 

5 

“  “  “  Health, 

2F 

1 

6 

“  “  “  Literature, 

8 

7 

“  “  “  Locomotion, 

87 

8 

“  “  “  Navigation, 

101 

9 

Unclassified  Mechanics, 

147 

10 

44  Residue  of  Blacks, 

3770 

2806 

Total. 

3859F 

3406 

The  total  number  of  male  slaves  between  the  ages 
of  10  and  80  were  3,724 ;  deducting  the  ascertained 
occupations  from  this  amount  and  there  remains  only 
318  whose  occupations  have  not  been  ascertained. 

The  total  number  of  female  slaves  between  the  ages 
of  15  and  80  years  were  3,931 ;  deducting  the  amount 
of  ascertained  occupations  from  this  and  there  remains 
but  72  whose  avocations  have  not  been  ascertained. 


OCCUPATIONS. 

31 

Free  Colored . 

1- 

-Those  contributing  to  Building, 

47 

2 

44  46  44  Clothing, 

247F 

82 

3 

44  44  44  Food, 

28F 

36 

4 

44  44  44  Furniture, 

1 

5 

44  44  44  Health, 

10F 

4 

6 

44  44  44  Locomotion, 

20 

7 

44  44  44  Machinery, 

5 

8 

44  44  44  Navigation, 

1 

9 

Unclassified  Mechanics, 

9 

10 

44  Residue  of  Free  Colored 

1, 37F 

58 

Total. 

322F 

263 

The  aggregate  of  free  colored  males  between  the 
ages  of  15  and  80  were  298 ;  from  this  deduct  the  as¬ 
certained  occupations,  263,  and  there  remains  but  35 
whose  occupations  have  not  been  enumerated. 


WHITES. 


1.  Contributing  to  Building. 


Architects,  3 

Carpenters,  117 

Joiners,  3 

Lumber  dealers,  7 

Masons,  60 

Painters,  15 

Plaisterers,  9 

Plumbers,  1 

Stone  Cutters,  7 

Wharf  builders,  2 

Total.  224 

2.  Contributing  to  Clothing. 
Bleachers,  1 

Boot  and  Shoe  dealers,  39 

Boot  and  Shoe  makers,  67 

Cap  makers,  8 

Clothing  dealers,  19 

Curriers,  1 

Dry  good  dealers,  39F  86 

Dyers,  4 

Hat  dealers,  10 


6 

2F  1 

1 

13F  0 

38F  0 

44F  0 

87F  0 

13 
2 

6F  68 
5 
2 

IF  1 


Total.  230F  334 

3.  Contributing  to  Education. 
Music  teachers,  5F  10 

School  teachers,  47F  33 

Teachers  Modern  Lan¬ 
guages,  4 

Teachers  of  Dancing,  2F  2 

Total.  54F  49 


Hair  dressers, 

Hair  braiders, 
Hosiers, 

Laundresses, 

Mantua-makers, 

Milliners, 

Seamstresses, 

Shoe  makers, 

Straw  goods  dealers, 
Tailors, 

Umbrella  makers, 
Wig  makers, 
Worsted  dealers, 


32 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 

*  §k' 


WHITES. 


4.  Contributing  to  Food. 

6.  Contributing  to  Health. 

Bakers, 

IF 

35 

Bath  keepers, 

2 

Bar  keepers, 

Bacon  dealers, 

16 

Botanic  Practitioners,  IF 

2 

1 

Dentists, 

11 

Boarding-house  keepers, 

40F 

14 

Druggists, 

25 

Bottlers, 

1 

Midwives,  5F 

0 

Butchers, 

Cigar  makers, 
Confectioners, 

4 

Physicians, 

89 

10 

Sextons, 

4 

4F 

13 

Undertakers, 

5 

Farmers, 

6 

— — 

■ 

Fishermen, 

10 

Total.  6F 

138 

Fruiterers, 

Gardeners, 

9F 

40 

IF 

5 

7.  Contributing  to  Religion. 

Grain  dealers, 

8 

Clergymen, 

52 

Grocers, 

Hotel  keepers, 

205 

IF 

3 

Total. 

52 

Ice  dealers, 

2 

Market  women, 

IF 

0 

8.  Contributing  to  Justice. 

Milk  venders, 

8F 

0 

City  officers, 

35 

Pastry  Cooks, 

IF 

0 

Constables, 

6 

Planters, 

25F 

101 

Consuls, 

5 

Restaurant  keepers, 

2 

Custom-house  officers, 

34 

Seedsmen, 

3 

Gaugers, 

4 

Sugar  refiners, 

6 

Judges, 

3 

Sugar  boilers, 

1 

Lawyers, 

Measurers  of  Lumber  and 

76 

Syrop  makers, 

1 

Tavern  keepers, 

36 

Wood, 

3 

Tobacconists, 

6 

Notaries  Public, 

2 

— 

— - 

Police  officers, 

10 

Total. 

91F 

529 

Port  Wardens, 

5 

5.  Contributing  to  Furniture. 

State  officers, 

11 

Basket  makers, 

1 

United  States  officers, 

4 

Cabinet  makers, 

Carvers  and  Gilders, 

26 

Watchmen, 

90 

6 

-- 

Carpet  dealers, 

2 

Total. 

278 

Coal  dealers, 

5 

Crockery  dealers, 
Furniture  store-keepers, 

IF 

8 

9.  Contributing  to  Literature  and 

6 

the  Arts. 

Gas  pipe-fitters, 

8 

Artists, 

10 

Jewellers, 

17 

Book  binders, 

10 

Military  store-keepers, 

2 

Book  dealers, 

10 

Oil  and  Paint  dealers, 

3 

Daguerreoty  pers, 

3 

Organ  builders, 

Paper  hangers, 

1 

Editors, 

Engravers, 

5 

1 

1 

Piano  builders, 

3 

Librarians, 

3 

Silver-smiths, 

1 

Painters, 

11 

Tinners, 

Upholsterers, 

23 

Printers, 

65 

10 

Stationers, 

4 

Watch-makers, 

15 

— - 

— 

Total. 

122 

Totals. 

IF 

138 

OCCUPATIONS. 


33 


WHITES. 


10.  Contributing  to  Machinery. 


Mill-wrights, 

4 

Boiler-makers, 

6 

Machinists, 

10 

Total. 

20 

11.  Contributing 

to  Locomotion. 

Carriage  dealers, 

8 

Coachmen, 

2 

Coach  makers, 

10 

Coach  Painters, 

3 

Coach  trimmers, 

6 

Draymen, 

18 

Farriers, 

Harness  makers, 

2 

10 

Horse-shoers, 

4 

Omnibus  drivers, 

3 

Railroad  clerks, 

7 

Saddlers, 

19 

Stable-keepers, 

7 

Wheel-wrights, 

6 

Total. 

95 

12.  Contributing 

to  Navigation. 

Inspector  of  Steamboat  Boilers,  1 
Nautical  store-keepers,  1 

Navy  officers, 

8 

Navy  agent, 

1 

Pilots, 

26 

Riggers, 

5 

Sail  makers, 

9 

Seamen, 

150 

Ship  Chandlers, 

4 

Ship  Brokers, 

I 

Ship  Carpenters, 

48 

Ship  Joiners, 

4 

Wharfingers, 

20 

Total. 

278 

13.  Unclassified  Mechanics. 

Bell-hangers, 

7 

Black-smiths, 

45 

Brass-workers, 

2 

Coopers, 

20 

Copper-smiths,  • 

5 

Cutlers, 

Gun-smiths, 

1 

6 

Lock-smiths,  3 

Moulders,  3 

Pump  and  Block  makers,  3 

Turners,  2 

Total.  97 

14.  Unclassified  residue  of  Popu¬ 
lation. 

Accountants,  98 

Actors,  7 

Apprentices,  5F  56 

Army  officers,  2 

Auctioneers,  11 

Bank  officers,  50 

Brokers,  21 

Clerks,  3F  665 

Collectors,  17 

Conimission  Merchants,  13 

Cotton  brokers,  3 

Engineers,  43 

Exchange  brokers,  3 

Factors,  49 

Gas  Company  officers,  2 

Hard-ware  dealers,  9 

House  servants,  100F  18 

House-keepers,  13F  0 

Insurance  officers,  5 

Journeymen,  4 

Iron-mongers,  3 

Keepers  of  public  insti¬ 
tutions,  2F  8 

Laborers,  192 

Lottery  dealers,  1 

Merchants,  208 

Mill  superintendents,  14 

Monthly  nurses,  7F  0 

Musicians,  16 

Music  dealers,  3 

Pedlers,  6 

Porters,  r  8 

Salesmen,  1 

Showmen,  5 

Stevedores,  1 

Store-keepers,  4F  0 

Surveyors,  2 

Traders,  1 

Variety-store-keepers,  8 

Wood  Factors,  16 

Total.  134F  1569 


5 


34 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


_  WHITES  AND  SLAVES. _ 

Students.  |  5.  Contributing  to  Health. 


College, 

56 

Monthly  nurses, 

2F  0 

Divinity, 

9 

Sextons, 

1 

Medicine, 

29 

— - 

Military  Academy, 

61 

Total. 

2F  1 

Law, 

11 

6.  Contributing 

to  Literature. 

Book  binders, 

3 

Total. 

166 

Printers, 

5 

SLAVES. 

Total. 

8 

1.  Contributing 

to 

Building. 

7.  Contributing 

to  Locomotion. 

Bricklayers, 

68 

Coachmen, 

15 

Carpenters, 

110 

Coach  makers, 

3 

Painters, 

9 

Draymen, 

67 

Plaisterers, 

Wharf  builders, 

16 

Saddlers, 

2 

10 

— 

— 

Tota  1. 

87 

Total. 

213 

8.  Contributing 

to  Navigation. 

Boatmen, 

7 

2.  Contributing 

to 

Clothing. 

Sailors, 

43 

Barbers, 

4 

Ship  Carpenters, 

51 

Boot  makers, 

4 

— 

Mantua-makers, 

4F 

0 

Total. 

101 

Seamstresses, 

20F 

0 

Shoe  makers. 

2 

9.  Unclassified  Mechanics. 

Tailors, 

36 

Black-smiths. 

40 

Was  her- women, 

33F 

0 

Brass -founders, 

1 

— 

— 

Coopers, 

61 

Total. 

57F 

46 

Mechanics, 

45 

3.  Contributing 
Bakers, 

to 

Food. 

39 

Total. 

147 

Butchers, 

6 

10.  Unclassified  Residue  of  Blacks. 

Confectioners, 

4 

Apprentics, 

8F  43 

Cooks, 

1  IF 

3 

House  servants, 

3,384F  1,888 

Fishermen, 

15 

Laborers, 

378F  838 

Fruiterers, 

IF 

0 

Porters, 

Stevedores, 

35 

Gardeners, 

3 

2 

Huxters, 

JL1F 

0 

Market-sellers, 

6F 

0 

Total. 

3.770F  2,806 

Pastry  Cooks, 

IF 

0 

Cigar  makers, 

5 

11.  Superannuated  and  Disabled. 

— 

54  Females  38 

Total. 

30F 

75 

FREE  COLORED. 

1 .  Contributing 

to  Building. 

4.  Contributing 

to 

Furniture. 

Bricklayers, 

10 

Cabinet  makers, 

8 

Carpenters, 

27 

Tinners, 

3 

Painters, 

4 

Upholsterers, 

1 

Ship-carpenters, 

6 

Total. 

12 

Total. 

47 

OCCUPATIONS. 


35 


FREE  COLORED. 


2.  Contributing 

to  Clothing. 

1 

8.  Contributing  to  Navigation. 

Barbers, 

l4|Seamen. 

1 

Boot  makers, 

Dry  good  dealers, 

3 

i! 

9.  Unclassified  Mechanics. 

Laundresses, 

45  F 

0 

Black-smiths, 

4 

Mantua-makers, 

128F 

0 

Coopers, 

O 

/V 

Milliners, 

1*1 

' 

Copper-smiths, 

1 

Seamstresses, 

68F 

c 

Mechanics. 

o 

/V 

Shoe-makers, 

14 

— 

Tailors, 

6F 

42 

Total. 

9 

Upholsterers, 

1 

_ 

10.  Unclassified  Residue  of  Free 

Total. 

247 F 

82 

Colored. 

Apprentices,  7F 

14 

3.  Contributing  to  Food. 

House  servants,  28F 

9 

Bakers, 

1 

Janitors, 

1 

Butchers, 

Confectioners, 

4 

Laborers,  2F 

19 

2F 

9 

/W 

Millers, 

1 

Cooks, 

16 

Porters, 

5 

Fruiterers, 

IF 

1 

Stevedores, 

1 

Fishermen, 

14 

Store  keepers, 

5 

Hotel-keepers, 

IF 

1 

Wood  factors. 

3 

House -keepers, 

4F 

0 

— 

Huxters, 

4 

Total.  37F 

58 

Market-dealers, 

4F 

1 

Pastry  cooks, 

IGF 

0 

1 1 .  Superannuated. 

Cigar  makers, 

I 

4  Females. 

1 

Tavern-keepers, 

1 

Total. 

28F 

36 

* 

4.  Contributing 

to  Furniture. 

'  / 

Tinners. 

1 

5.  Contributing 

%  to  Health. 

Nurses, 

10F 

oJ 

Sextons, 

• 

4 

Total. 

10F 

4 

6.  Contributing  to  Locomotion. 

Coachmen,  4 

Draymen,  1 1 

Livery-stable-keepers,  3 

Saddlers,  1 

Wheel- wrights,  1 

Total.  20 

7.  Contributing  to  Machinery. 

Mill-wrights.  5 


36 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


LEGAL  VOTERS  OF  THE  POPULATION. 

The  requisitions  necessary  to  entitle  an  individual  in 
the  City  of  Charleston  to  exercise  the  right  of  suffrage, 
are  that  he  should  be  a  citizen  of  the  United  States, 
have  lived  in  the  State  two  years  previous  to  the  elec¬ 
tion,  and  in  the  City  six  months,  or  be  possessed  of  a 
town  lot  at  least  six  months  before  the  time  of  voting ; 
absence  from  the  City,  provided  the  individual  goes 
with  the  intent  of  returning,  does  not  debar  him  the 
privilege  of  voting.  The  age  requisite  for  exercising 
the  right  of  suffrage  is  twenty-one.  The  number  of 
white  inhabitants  in  the  City  of  this  age  and  over,  ac¬ 
cording  to  the  enumeration  but  recently  completed, 
were  8,235,  of  which  number  4,127  were  males  and 
4,108  females.  In  elections  appertaining  to  the  City, 
it  is  likewise  requisite  that  each  voter  should  have  re¬ 
gistered  his  name  and  residence  in  the  office  of  the  City 
Treasurer  one  month  prior  to  the  election.  The  City 
Council,  not  long  since,  caused  these  names  to  be  en¬ 
tered  alphabetically  into  four  volumes — one  for  each 
Ward — as  books  of  reference  for  the  managers  of  elec¬ 
tions  in  cases  of  difficulty  occurring  at  the  polls  as  regards 
the  right  of  any  individual  to  vote.  This  system  of  regis¬ 
tration  commences  from  1823,  and  from  the  volumes 
just  referred  to,  we  find  that  in  a  period  of  seven  years, 
from  1823  to  1830,  that  there  were  2,766  names  regis¬ 
tered,  and  from  1830  to  1848  inclusive,  a  period  of 
eighteen  years,  there  were  4,268,  giving  for  total  names 
registered  in  twenty-five  years  7,034,  an  average  of  281 
annually. 

From  the  ascertained  number  of  legal  voters  by  the 
recent  Census,  and  the  recorded  votes  for  Mayor  and 
Representatives  in  1848  we  have  compiled  the  table, 
page  38,  showing  the  per  cent,  that  the  legal  voters 


LEGAL  VOTERS. 


37 


bear  to  the  whole  white  population,  and  the  per  cent, 
of  votes  given  to  the  number  entitled  to  vote — or  to 
what  extent  the  inhabitants  exercise  their  right  of  suf- 
Irage. 

The  largest  number  of  votes  ever  polled  in  the  City 
prior  to  1847  were  2,069  in  1832  or  16.12  per  cent,  of 
the  population,  and  62.58  per  cent,  of  the  males  over  21 
years  of  age.  At  the  election  for  Mayor  and  Aldermen 
in  1848,  the  total  votes  given  were  1,814  or  12.78  per 
cent,  of  the  entire  white  population,  and  66.08  per  cent, 
of  votes  given,  to  the  legal  voters  ;  and  in  the  same  year, 
one  month  after,  at  the  election  for  State  Senator  and 
Representatives,  the  total  votes  polled  were  2,374  or 
16.73  per  cent,  of  the  population,  and  86.48  per  cent, 
of  votes  given,  to  the  legal  voters.  This  increase  of 
20.48  per  cent,  in  the  latter  election  is  in  some  measure 
attributable  to  its  taking  place  in  October,  by  which 
time  all  those  absent  during  the  Summer  on  business 
or  pleasure  have  returned ;  and  likewise  to  the  excite¬ 
ment  caused  by  the  Presidential  election. 

The  table,  page  39,  exhibits  the  votes  given  for  Mayor 
for  19  years,  and  has  been  compiled  for  those  who  may 
desire,  at  some  future  period,  to  investigate  further  this 
interesting  subject. 


38 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON 


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STATEMENT  OF  VOTES  FOR  MAYOR. 


39 


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40 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


PUBLIC  CHARITIES. 

In  endeavoring  to  make  some  estimate  of  the 
amounts  which  have  been  and  are  expended  in  this 
community  for  benevolent  purposes,  it  is  not  pretended 
to  convey  the  idea  that  anything  like  the  sums  really 
devoted  to  these  purposes  by  the  benevolent  and  chari¬ 
table  have  been  accurately  ascertained.  A  large 
amount  is  annually  contributed  by  churches  and  indi¬ 
viduals  for  temporary  aid  to  one  or  other  of  the  chari¬ 
table,  moral  or  religious  associations,  of  which  sums  no 
record  can  be  kept ;  they  serve  the  purpose  for  which 
they  were  intended  and  are  forgotten,  save  by  those 
who  have  received  the  benefit.  The  daily  calls  thus 
made  upon  the  community  are  promptly  responded  to, 
and  could  the  aggregate  of  the  amounts  so  expended  be 
ascertained,  it  would  equal,  if  not  exceed,  the  sums 
which  are  ostensibly  known. 

The  sums  annually  devoted  to  benevolent  purposes 
is  large,  if  it  be  considered  that  it  is  contributed  by  a 
white  population  of  only  14,187  persons,  and  is  destined 
solely  for  the  relief  only  of  the  whites  and  free  colored, 
whose  number  only  reaches  15,679.  The  slave  popu- 
*  lation  requires  no  relief  from  public  charities  ;  in  old 
age  and  decrepitude  they  become  a  charge  upon  the 
master,  by  whom  it  is  borne  with  alacrity  and  cheer¬ 
fulness-  Neither  is  it  believed  that  the  following  list 
contains  the  names  or  charities  of  all  the  benevolent  or 
moral  associations  that  exist  in  the  community.  There 
are  many  smaller  societies  connected  with  the  various 
churches,  the  names  and  objects  of  which  are  only 
known  to  the  benevolent  founders  and  the  recipients  of 
their  charity,  which  each  expend  annually  one  to  three 
hundred  dollars  in  the  relief  of  poverty  and  sickness. 
The  names  of  some  of  the  larger  and  more  wealthy 


PUBLIC  CHARITIES. 


41 


societies  have  also  been  omitted  from  the  inability  to 
obtain  the  accurate  knowledge  that  was  desirable.  In 
almost  all  instances  applications  to  the  officers  of  the 
several  societies  for  information  as  to  the  amount  of 
their  annual  charities  have  been  met  with  prompt  and 
cheerful  acquiescence,  in  no  case  has  information  been 
refused,  in  a  few  only  has  it  been  promised,  but  with¬ 
held,  perhaps,  chiefly  from  the  want  of  time  on  the  part 
of  the  officers  to  overlook  their  books. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  name  and  date  of 
foundation  of  the  charitable  associations,  with  the 
amount  of  their  annual  charities. 


about 


about 


2,000 

2,790 

1,500 

300 


Amount  annually  ex- 

Name  of  Society.  Date  of  Charter.  pended  in  charity. 

South-Carolina  Society,  1736  $8,305 

St.  Andrews’  Society, 

Fellowship  Society, 

German  Friendly  Society, 

St.  George’s  Society, 

Society  for  the  relief  of  the 
Widows  and  Orphans  of 
the  Clergy  of  the  Protes¬ 
tant  Episcopal  Church  of 
South-Carolina, 

Mechanics  Society, 

Hebrew  Orphan  Society,  1801 
Ladies’  Benevolent  Society, 

Methodist  Female  Friendly  Society, 

I.  O.  O.  F.,  of  South-Ca¬ 
rolina,  (four  Lodges  in 
Charleston)  average  an¬ 
nual  charities  for  7  years, 

New  England  Society. 

Besides  these,  there  are  other  charitable  associa¬ 
tions  which  do  not  give  money  to  their  beneficiaries, 

6 


3,500 

900 

1,300 

800 

238 


2,889  01 
200 


42 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


but  who  relieve  their  necessities  in  other  and  equally 
substantial  ways,  such  as  the  distribution  of  food,  fuel, 
clothing,  supplying  nurses  during  sickness,  &c.  &c. 
There  is  also  another  class  of  societies  who  have  but 
a  small  stated  income,  and  who  expend  no  specified  an¬ 
nual  sum  in  charities,  but  which  give  succor  and  relief 
to  distressed  seamen,  provide  for  them,  when  in  port,  a 
home  free  from  the  temptations  and  debaucheries  of 
Sailor’s  boarding  houses,  and  also  procure  for  them  the 
services  of  a  regular  pastor.  Of  the  annual  expendi¬ 
tures  of  these  two  classes  of  societies  no  estimate  can 
be  formed.  Their  annual  income  is  limited,  and  when 
in  need  of  funds  in  aid  of  their  charitable  purposes, 
they  are  assisted  by  donations  from  individuals  and  col¬ 
lections  from  the  various  churches. 

In  some  of  the  larger  and  more  wealthy  associations 
specified  above,  the  annual  charities  are  small  in  pro¬ 
portion  to  their  income  and  their  funds,  in  consequence 
of  the  small  number  of  persons  who  come  within  the 
scope  of  their  charities,  of  this  number  is  the  Newr 
England  Society. 

An  effort  was  also  made  to  ascertain  the  sums  which 
had  been  given  by  private  individuals  for  religious, 
charitable  or  educational  purposes.  The  following  ta¬ 
ble  exhibits  these  amounts,  so  far  as  they  could  be  as¬ 
certained  : 


Purpose.  Name  of  Donor.  Amount. 

Charleston  College — to  found  a  Professorship — late  Elias  Horry,  $10,000 
“  “  “  “  contributed  by  citizens,  20,000 

South  Carolina  Society — to  increase  its  Funds — Gabriel  Mani- 

gault, . - '  22,222  22 

Hibernian  Society, — for  relief  of  distressed  Emigrants — Judge 

Burke, . -  10,000 

Medical  Society  of  South  Carolina — to  establish  a  Hospital — 

Thomas  Roper.  Estimated. .  40,000 

City  Council — to  establish  a  Dispensary — Alexander  Shirras. 

Estimated.  ------  -  15,000 


PUBLIC  CHARITIES. 


43 


Purpose.  Name  of  Donor.  Amount. 

City  Council — to  establish  a  Foundling  Hospital — Miss  Aiken. 

Estimated.  -  . -  5,000 

Orphan  House — to  establish  a  fund  for  its  support,  61,809  06 

Charleston  Port  Society — to  support  a  Minister  for  Seamen — 

John  Hoff,  -  -- . -  10,000 

Society  for  relief  of  Widows  and  Orphans  of  Protestant  Episco¬ 
pal  Church  in  South  Carolina — for  the  relief  and  support  of 
distressed,  disabled,  and  superannuate  Ministers  of  the  P.  E. 

Church  in  South  Carolina — Francis  Withers,  20,000 

South  Carolina  Society — donationsto  1845,  from  various  sources.  19,298  41 

Of  the  above  donations,  those  which  are  marked 
“  estimated”  were  gifts  of  real  estate,  the  value  of  which 
has  been  calculated  by  the  amount  of  interest  which  it 
produces. 

Of  the  public  charities  of  the  city,  the  most  noble 
and  beneficent  is  the  Orphan  House.  Under  the  Act 
of  the  Legislature  of  1783  incorporating  the  City  of 
Charleston,  the  care  of  providing  lor  the  poor  and 
educating  and  maintaining  poor  orphan  children  was 
devolved  upon  the  City  Council.  In  1790  the  City 
Council  passed  an  Ordinance  for  the  “  establishment 
of  an  Orphan  House  in  Charleston,  for  the  purpose  of 
supporting  and  educating  poor  orphan  children,  and 
those  of  poor,  distressed  and  disabled  parents  who 
were  unable  to  support  and  maintain  them.”  Under 
this  Ordinance  the  corner  store  of  the  present  edifice 
was  laid  by  John  Huger,  Esq.,  Intendant  of  Charleston, 
on  the  12th  November,  1792,  and  the  building  having 
been  completed,  the  Commissioners  on  18th  October, 
1794,  introduced  into  the  institution  115  children,  the 
objects  of  the  charity.  The  number  of  orphan  children 
who  have  been  received  into  the  institution,  nurtured 
and  educated,  since  its  origin,  have  a  little  exceeded 
sixteen  hundred.  The  number  in  it  at  any  time  have 
never  been  less  than  102  children,  the  greatest  number 
175;  the  latter  was  too  many  for  comfortable  accom¬ 
modation.  The  female  children  and  boys  under  seven 


44 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


years  of  age  occupy  one  wing  of  the  building — the 
larger  boys  the  other.  The  officers  consist  of  a  Stew¬ 
ard,  Matron,  School-master,  School-mistress,  Sewing- 
mistress,  and  five  female  nurses.  No  adult  male  resides 
within  the  walls  of  the  institution  but  the  Steward. 
The  institution  is  governed  by  a  Board  of  Commission¬ 
ers,  annually  elected  by  Council,  who  meet  weekly  and 
regulate  its  affairs,  superintend  the  conduct  of  the 
officers  and  admit  children.  The  Commissioners  ap¬ 
point  a  board  of  Ladies,  Commissioners,  who  aid  them 
in  superintending  the  domestic  economy  of  the  house, 
attend  to  the  management  of  the  female  departments, 
the  clothing  of  the  children,  w  ashing,  mending,  and  such 
various  duties  as  pertain  most  to  female  superintend¬ 
ance.  The  ladies  meet  weekly,  and  enter  in  a  book 
their  recommendations  to  the  Board  of  Commissioners, 
and  inform  them  of  the  domestic  w  ants  of  the  institution. 
There  is  a  male  school  on  the  premises,  out  of  the 
walls,  but  within  the  enclosure  of  the  house,  and  a 
female  school  within  the  walls.  In  both,  the  ordinary 
branches  of  English  education  are  taught;  the  boys  are 
also  employed  in  keeping  the  premises  clean,  grinding 
corn,  &c,,  and  the  girls  are  taught  sewing,  washing,  &c. 
If  a  boy  exhibits  talents,  combined  with  high  character, 
which  attract  the  notice  of  his  teachers,  and  of  the 
Commissioners,  he  is  sent  to  the  High  School  of 
Charleston  for  preparatory  College  education  either  in 
Columbia  or  Charleston.  The  liberality  of  the  City 
Council  has  provided  for  his  education  at  the  High 
School  and  Charleston  College — the  State  of  South 
Carolina  at  the  Columbia  College.  There  is  a  Sunday 
School  in  the  institution,  managed  and  attended  to  by 
a  superintendent  and  male  and  female  teachers  from 
various  churches  in  the  city ;  also  an  infant  Sunday 
school.  The  health  of  the  children  is  remarkable, 


PUBLIC  CHARITIES. 


45 


arising  partly  from  locality,  food,  cleanliness,  regular 
habits,  confinement  within  the  large  enclosure,  where 
exercise  can  be  freely  taken,  and  partly  from  prompt, 
experienced  and  skilful  medical  supervision.  The 
average  mortality  for  a  series  of  years  would  not  exceed 
1.50  per  cent.,  which  is  extraordinary,  when  it  is  con¬ 
sidered  that  the  children  are  taken  from  the  poorest 
classes  of  society  and  predisposed  to  disease  from  pre¬ 
vious  scanty,  unwholesome  food,  defect  of  attention, 
poverty,  distress,  &c.  The  boys  are  apprenticed  out 
to  trades  or  mercantile  pursuits,  in  the  city  or  country, 
at  about  the  age  of  14  years,  and  are  bound  until  21 
years  of  age.  The  girls  are  apprenticed  to  female  oc¬ 
cupations,  or  as  assistants  in  families,  until  the  age  of 
18  years,  when  free  by  law.  Most  of  the  latter  turn 
out  well ;  marry  and  settle  down  quietly  as  respectable 
mothers  of  families.  The  instances  to  the  contrary 
are  few.  Many  boys  from  the  institution  have  been  an 
honor  and  ornament  to  it.  Several  have  attained  high 
rank  in  the  Navy,  at  the  Bar,  in  the  Legislature,  in  the 
Pulpit,  in  the  Medical  profession,  and  as  Classical  In¬ 
structors.  Within  the  walls  of  the  inclosure  a  Chapel 
has  been  erected,  in  which  services  are  performed  on 
every  Sabbath,  in  the  morning  by  one  of  the  Commis¬ 
sioners  in  rotation,  in  the  afternoon  by  the  Ministers  of 
one  or  other  of  the  various  Churches. 

An  effort  also  has  been  made  to  ascertain  the  amounts 
devoted  to  religious  purposes  annually  in  the  commu¬ 
nity,  but  it  was  found  impracticable  to  obtain  such  in¬ 
formation  as  could  give  an  accurate  idea  of,  or  even  an 
approximation  to  the  sum  expended  for  this  purpose, 
and  the  purpose  was  reluctantly  abandoned. 


46 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


PAUPERISM. 

Pauperism  is  the  inevitable  accompaniment  of  cities ; 
in  extent  and  degree  it  varies  much  in  different  places. 
There  are  two  classes  of  persons  in  this  city  who  re¬ 
ceive  the  benefits  of  public  charity.  I.  Those  who 
are  admitted  into  the  Poor  .House,  and  are  there  sup¬ 
ported.  2.  Those  who  receive  daily  stipulated  quan¬ 
tities  of  food  distributed  from  the  house,  but  who  live 
at  their  own  homes.  The  first  are  denominated  pau¬ 
pers,  the  second  out-door  pensioners.  In  addition  to 
these  two  classes  of  paupers,  there  is  attached  to  the 
Poor  House,  and  in  the  same  building,  a  Hospital  into 
which  are  received  all  such  sick  persons  as  may  apply 
for  admission  ;  and  within  the  same  inciosure,  in  a 
separate  building,  is  a  lunatic  department,  for  the  use 
and  benefit  of  the  pauper  lunatics  of  the  city.  The 
management  of  the  whole  pauper  system  is  committed 
to  the  charge  of  twelve  citizens,  appointed  annually  by 
the  City  Council,  and  called  Commissioners  of  the 
Poor.  The  board,  thus  constituted,  has  charge  of  all 
that  pertains  to  the  government  of  the  Pauper,  Plospi- 
tal  and  Lunatic  departments.  They  also  regulate  the 
admissions  into  the  house,  the  number  of  out-door  pen¬ 
sioners,  and  the  quantity  of  food  distributed  among 
them.  In  addition  to  these  charitable  purposes  the 
institution  is  used,  in  a  measure,  as  a  house  of  correction 
for  the  lighter  classes  of  offences  decided  every  morn¬ 
ing  in  the  Mayor’s  Court,  such  as  drunkenness,  riotous 
and  disorderly  conduct,  &c.  &c.  From  these  several 
purposes  to  which  the  institution  is  applied,  the  number 
of  persons  admitted  annually  into  the  house  far  exceed 
the  number  of  those  who  apply  for  admission  from 
poverty  or  inability  to  obtain  the  means  of  subsistence. 
The  records  of  the  house,  however,  do  not  distinguish 


PAUPERISM. 


47 


the  different  classes  of  admissions,  they  have,  therefore, 
necessarily  been  placed  under  one  and  the  same  head. 
The  tables  which  follow  have  been  compiled  from  the 
records  of  the  house,  and  contain  as  manv  facts  as 
could  be  obtained.  In  the  following  table  will  be  found 
the  number  of  persons  received  into  the  house  for  18 
years,  including  those  admitted  as  paupers,  as  sick,  as 
lunatics,  and  for  punishment : 


Years 

NUMBER  OF 

PERSONS. 

HOW  DISPOSED  OF. 

In  the 
house. 

1 

Admitted  j 

Born. 

Total 

Discharged 
or  Eloped. 

Indented. 

Died. 

Remaining. 

1830 

112 

440  ! 

a 

552 

392 

a 

38 

112 

1831 

105 

349  1 

ii 

454 

275 

a 

25 

105 

1832 

107 

350 

1 

458 

347 

u 

25 

107 

1833 

114 

346 

a 

460 

294 

2 

29 

114 

1834 

127 

341 

2 

470 

282 

3 

52 

127 

1335 

103 

371 

1 

475 

299 

4 

32 

103 

1836 

84 

373 

ii 

457 

307 

a 

76 

84 

1837 

88 

340 

ii 

428 

345 

3 

40 

88 

1838 

115 

357 

1 

473 

260 

2 

101 

115 

1839 

112 

595 

ii 

707 

501 

1 

72 

112 

Total. 

1,067 

3,862 

5 

4,934 

3,302 

490 

1,067 

Av’age. 

106 

386 

493 

330 

49 

106 

1840 

91 

501 

a 

592 

456 

2 

55 

91 

1841 

94 

426 

1 

521 

423 

23 

94 

1842 

102 

322 

a 

424 

295 

u 

12 

102 

1843 

104 

351 

2 

457 

302 

it 

30 

104 

1844 

95 

428 

a 

523 

398 

it 

24 

95 

1845 

110 

314 

a 

424 

315 

1 

24 

110 

1846 

96 

354 

2 

452 

315 

tt- 

22 

96 

1847 

114 

352 

4 

470 

343 

4 

19 

114 

1848 

88 

410 

1 

499 

'  354 

it 

23 

88 

Total. 

894 

3,458 

10 

4,362 

3,201 

7 

232 

894 

Av’age. 

1  99 

384 

Jl.l 

486 

356 

25 

99 

The  largest  number  of  persons  in  the  house  at  any 
one  time  amounted  to  162,  in  1827 ;  the  smallest  num¬ 
ber  was  75,  in  1841.  In  the  ten  years,  1830-39,  the 
largest  number  of  admissions  into  the  house  were  in 
1839 — the  smallest  number  was  in  1837.  The  mean 
number  in  the  house  in  the  series  of  years  were  very 
nearly  equal ;  and  the  mean  number  admitted,  in  the  two 


48 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


series,  was  very  nearly  the  same — the  difference  being 
only  seven.  The  greatest  difference  in  the  two  series 
of  years  is  in  the  average  number  of  deaths,  being 
within  one  of  being  twice  as  large  in  the  first  series  as 
in  the  second. 

The  following  table  exhibits  the  number  of  persons 
admitted  in  the  house  during  nineteen  years — from  1830 
to  1848;  the  number  of  persons  who  received  relief  as 
out-door  pensioners  ;  the  number  who  received  relief  as 
transient  poor ;  and  the  number  of  paupers,  permanent 


residents  of  the  city. 


Year. 

(Jut-door 

Pensioners. 

Admissions  into 
Poor  House. 

Total. 

Transient 

Poor. 

Permanent 

Poor. 

Total. 

1830 

251 

440 

694 

347 

347 

694 

1831 

236 

349 

585 

291 

294 

585 

1832 

275 

350 

625 

295 

330 

625 

1833 

255 

346 

601 

284 

317 

601 

1834 

178 

341 

519 

284 

235 

519 

1835 

198 

371 

569 

301 

268 

569 

1836 

187 

373 

560 

314 

246 

560 

1837 

162 

348 

502 

296 

206 

502 

1838 

122 

357 

479 

329 

150 

479 

1839 

130 

595 

725 

535 

190 

725 

1840 

124 

501 

625 

443 

182 

625 

1841 

162 

426 

588 

378 

210 

588 

1842 

161 

322 

483 

281 

202 

583 

1843 

182 

351 

533 

303 

230 

533 

1844 

138 

428 

566 

366 

200 

566 

1845 

141 

314 

455 

280 

175 

455 

1846 

139 

354 

493 

304 

189 

493 

1847 

155 

352 

507 

294 

213 

507 

1848 

153 

410 

563 

347 

216 

563 

j  Totals. 

3,352 

7,320 

10,672 

6,272 

4,400 

10  672 

SEXES. 


Year. 

Males. 

Females. 

Totals. 

1830 

418 

276 

694 

1831 

345 

240 

585 

1832 

383 

242 

625 

1833 

363 

238 

601 

1834 

322 

197 

519 

1835 

317 

252 

569 

1836 

312 

248 

560 

‘  1837 

262 

240 

502 

1838 

243 

236 

479 

1839 

418 

307 

725 

PAUPERISM. 


49 


SEXES — Continued. 


Year. 

Males. 

Females. 

Totals. 

1840 

331 

294 

625 

1841 

304 

284 

588 

1842 

246 

237 

483 

1843 

326 

207 

533 

1844 

365 

201 

566 

1845 

262 

193 

455 

1846 

251 

242 

493 

1847 

267 

240 

507 

1848 

304 

259 

563 

Totals. 

6,039 

4,633 

10,672 

The  next  table  exhibits  the  places  of  birth  of  the 
paupers  who  received  admission  into  the  house,  and  of 
those  who  received  out-door  relief.  It  will  be  seen 
from  this  table,  that  of  the  former,  the  largest  number 
were  born  out  of  Charleston ;  of  the  latter,  the  largest 
number  were  natives. 


PAUPERISM. 


Year. 

BORN  IN  UNITED  STATES. 

BORN  OUT  OF 

THE  U.  STATES. 

Unknown. 

Total  admitted 
into 

Poor  House. 

Ill  Charles¬ 
ton. 

Out  of  Charles¬ 
ton. 

In  Ireland. 

In  other  places. 

1830 

93 

147 

83 

117 

440 

1831 

58 

114 

71 

106 

349 

1832 

55 

112 

83 

100 

350 

1833 

62 

109 

56 

119 

346 

1834 

57 

112 

56 

116 

341 

1835 

70 

142 

52 

107 

371 

1836 

59 

143 

72 

98 

1 

373 

1837 

44 

113 

78 

105 

340 

1838 

28 

116 

93 

120 

357 

1839 

60 

186 

187 

162 

595 

1840 

58 

164 

148 

131 

501 

1841 

48 

91 

165 

122 

426 

1842 

41 

94 

91 

96 

322 

1843 

48 

96 

105 

102 

351 

1844 

62 

101 

126 

139 

428 

1845 

34 

61 

108 

110 

1 

314 

1846 

50 

109 

106 

89 

354 

1847 

58 

103 

ll5 

75 

1 

352 

1848 

63 

107 

164 

74 

2 

410 

Total 

1,048 

2,220 

1,959 

2,088 

5 

7,320 

7 


50 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


OUT-DOOR  PENSIONERS. 


Year. 

BORN  IN  UNITED  STATES. 

BORN  OUT  OF  THE  U.  STATES. 

Unknown. 

Total  Relieved. 

lu  Charles¬ 
ton. 

Out  of  Charles¬ 
ton. 

In  Ireland. 

In  other  places. 

1830 

132 

69 

21 

32 

254 

1831 

127 

67 

16 

26 

236 

1832 

139 

88 

19 

29 

275 

1833 

126 

73 

21 

35 

255 

1834 

73 

74 

12 

19 

178 

1835 

80 

85 

16 

17 

198 

1836 

87 

79 

7 

14 

187 

1837 

75 

59 

7 

21 

162 

1838 

80 

31 

4 

7 

122 

1839 

64 

30 

8 

28 

130 

1840 

55 

44 

10 

15 

124 

1841 

74 

59 

10 

19 

162 

1842 

79 

47 

16 

19 

161 

1843 

93 

33 

20 

36 

182 

1844 

84 

27 

13 

14 

138 

1845 

84 

18 

22 

15 

2 

141 

1846 

74 

25 

25 

15 

139 

1847 

76 

.  27 

33 

19 

155 

1848; 

81 

26 

34 

12 

153 

Total 

1,683 

961 

314 

392 

2 

3,352 

Cost  of  Pauperism. — According  to  the  pauper 
system  established  in  this  State,  an  annual  amount  is 
contributed  by  the  State  towards  the  support  of  the 
transient  poor  of  the  city.  The  sum  thus  contributed 
is  based  upon  a  report  made  annually  to  the  Legislature 
by  the  Commissioners  of  the  Poor,  of  the  number  of 
persons  receiving  relief  during  the  preceding  year. 
The  following  table  exhibits  the  total  amount  expended 
by  the  city  for  the  support  and  relief  of  the  Poor  during 
six  series  of  five  years  each,  and  also  the  amount  con¬ 
tributed  by  the  State  during  the  same  periods.  The 
last  series  of  five  years  present  the  income  derived 
from  the  labor  of  the  inmates  during  that  period.  It  is 
to  be  regretted  that  the  same  information  cannot  be 
obtained  for  the  preceding  years — as  the  records  of  the 
house  do  not  furnish  this  item. 


PAUPERISM. 


51 


Years. 

Cost  of  Pauperism. 

Income  from 
labor. 

Paid  by  State. 

Net  expense  to  City. 

1819  to  1823 

100,707  34 

tt 

59,000 

41,707  34 

1824  to  1828 

72,279  67 

a 

48,000 

24,279  67 

1829  to  1833 

46,417  50 

“ 

22,500 

23,917  50 

1834  to  1838 

50,948  95 

a 

22,500 

28,448  95 

1839  to  1843 

50,489  17 

u 

22,500 

27,989  17 

1844  to  1848 

38,789  37 

4,890  03 

22,500 

11,399  34 

In  the  first  period  of  five  years,  in  the  foregoing  table, 
it  will  be  seen  that  pauperism  within  the  limits  of  the 
City  of  Charleston,  cost  the  State  and  City,  combined, 
the  large  sum  of  100,707  34  ;  whilst  in  the  last  five  the 
cost  was  only  38,789  37 ;  a  diminution  in  the  expense 
of  pauperism,  in  a  period  of  thirty  years,  of  61,917  97. 
The  difference  in  the  number  of  paupers  now  and  for 
the  first  period,  viz:  from  1819  to  1824,  varies  but  lit¬ 
tle,  and  cannot  account  for  this  vast  difference  in  the 
expense  of  maintenance ;  it  must  be  attributed,  there¬ 
fore,  mainly  to  the  zeal  and  economy  with  which  the 
different  boards  of  Commissioners  have  administered 
the  affairs  of  the  Institution.  In  the  last  five  years  the 
sum  of  4,890  03  is  given  as  the  income  from  labor;  if 
to  this  were  added  the  value  of  the  stone  cracked,  and 
from  which  the  City  draws  the  benefit  in  macadamizing 
the  streets,  (which  valuation,  however,  is  difficult  to 
fix)  it  would  be  found  that  the  net  annual  expense  to 
the  City  for  the  support  of  the  poor  is  very  trifling,  not 
exceeding  the  sum  of  one  thousand  dollars- 

It  has  been  stated  above  that  no  proper  record  has 
been  kept  of  the  annual  admissions  of  Lunatics  into  the 
house.  We  are  therefore  only  able  to  give  the  present 
numbers  in  the  Lunatic  department,  and  from  the  dif¬ 
ferent  wards  in  the  City  from  which  they  have  been 
sent. 


WHITES. 

SLAVES  AND  FREE  COLORED. 

WARDS. 

Insane. 

Idiotic. 

Deaf  and  Dumb. 

Insane. 

Idiotic. 

Deaf  and  Dumb. 

1 

3 

0 

1 

0 

0 

1 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

3 

1 

1 

1 

2 

0 

0 

4 

17 

0 

3 

0 

0 

1 

52 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


CRIME. 

The  Courts  which  take  cognizance  of  crimes  and 
misdemeanors  in  the  City  of  Charleston  are  the  Courts 
of  General  Sessions.  The  City  Court,  the  Magistrates 
Court,  and  the  Police  or  Mayor’s  Court. 

The  Court  of  General  Sessions  have  jurisdiction 
extending  over  the  entire  Judicial  District  of  Charles¬ 
ton,  and  embraces  the  City  within  these  limits.  In 
this  Court  all  manner  of  crimes  and  misdemeanors  can 
be  tried,  except  the  trial  of  free  negroes  and  slaves. 

The  City  Court  has  jurisdiction  only  within  the  cor¬ 
porate  limits  of  the  City,  and  can  only  try  offences 
against  the  City  Ordinances,  and  all  misdemeanors 
occurring  within  the  City,  such  as  assault,  battery, 
grand  and  petit  larcenies,  &c.;  the  trial  is  always  by 

jury. 

The  Magistrates  Court  has  jurisdiction  over  the 
crimes  and  misdemeanors  committed  by  free  negroes 
and  slaves,  and  extends  to  life.  This  Court  is  regula¬ 
ted  by  Statute  of  the  State,  and  has  jurisdiction  through¬ 
out  the  Parishes  of  St.  Philips  and  St.  Michaels,  em¬ 
bracing  within  these  limits  the  City  of  Charleston. 
The  only  class  of  persons  who  can  be  criminally  tried 
before  this  Court  is  that  of  persons  of  color,  and  the 
trial  is  by  a  jury  of  free-holders. 

The  Police  or  Mayor’s  Court  is  held  daily  by  the 
Mayor  for  the  trial  of  riotous  and  disorderly  persons 
assaulting  the  peace  of  the  City.  This  Court  has  the 
power  to  inflict  corporal  punishment,  by  whipping,  on 
persons  of  color,  for  disturbing  the  peace  of  the  City ; 
and  as  an  ex-officio  Magistrate,  the  Mayor  has  power 
to  apprehend  and  commit  to  jaol,  by  warrant,  white 
persons  committing  crimes  and  misdemeanors  within 
the  city. 


CRIME. 


53 


The  District  jaol  is  the  common  place  for  confining 
white  persons  guilty  of  offences,  both  for  the  City  and 
District,  and  no  separate  record  is  kept  discriminating 
between  the  two.  Persons  of  color,  under  sentence  of 
death,  are  also  usually  confined  in  this  jaol. 

The  City  Work  House  is  the  place  of  confinement, 
generally,  for  slaves  who  have  committed  misdemea¬ 
nors,  or  who  are  detained  for  trial,  and  who  are  lodged 
for  punishment.  No  accurate  records  distinguish  the 
offences  committed  within  the  City  from  those  commit¬ 
ted  without  the  corporate  limits. 

The  City  Guard  House  is  used  for  the  confinement 
of  white  persons  disturbing  the  peace  of  the  City,  and 
of  persons  of  color  who  may  be  found  in  the  streets 
after  the  ringing  of  the  last  bell  without  written  per¬ 
mission  ;  and  all  persons  so  confined  are  tried  at  the 
Mayor’s  Court  on  the  morning  after  their  commitment. 

The  jurisdictions  of  the  Court  of  General  Sessions 
and  City  Court  being  concurrent  for  certain  classes  of 
offences,  and  the  records  of  the  jaol  not  discriminating 
between  persons  committed  for  offences  in  the  City 
and  without  its  limit,  render  it  impossible  for  us  to  pre¬ 
pare  any  statistical  information  in  regard  to  crime 
which  would  be  satisfactory  or  could  be  relied  upon. 


EDUCATION  OF  THE  POPULATION. 

In  1811  the  Legislature  of  the  State  passed  an 
Act  authorizing  the  immediate  establishment  of  Free 
schools  throughout  the  State ;  allowing  to  each  district 
as  many  schools  as  Representatives  sent  to  the  Gene- 


* 


54 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


ralfAssembly.  The  allowance  for  each  school  was 
fixed  at  three  hundred  dollars,  making  an  annual  ap¬ 
propriation  of  $37,000,  which,  at  5  per  cent.,  would  be 
the  interest  on  a  capital  of  $740,000 ;  this  appears  to 
be  a  liberal  allowance,  but  it  is  entirely  inadequate  to 
carry  out  the  object  desired,  particularly  in  those  dis¬ 
tricts  which  cover  a  large  extent  of  ground,  and  are 
thinly  populated. 

The  number  of  Representatives  from  Charleston 
District  being  seventeen  the  sum  of  5,100  is  annually 
received  to  defray  the  expenses  of  five  Free  Schools, 
four  of  which  are  located  in  the  City  and  one  on  the 
Neck.  These  schools  are  conducted  by  five  teachers, 
three  males  and  two  females ;  the  former  receiving  a 
salary  of  1,200  each,  and  the  latter  750  each.  From 
this  salary  the  teachers  are  required  to  furnish  a  school 
room,  and  often,  owing  to  the  poverty  of  the  scholars, 
they  are  compelled  to  furnish  books,  no  allowance  being 
made  by  the  State  for  this  purpose ,  so  that  after  all 
expenses  are  deducted  the  teacher  receives  but  a  tri¬ 
fling  sum  for  the  arduous  duties  of  instructing  from  80 
to  100  pupils. 

The  whole  Free  School  system  is  under  the  direc¬ 
tion  of  a  Board  of  Commissioners  appointed  by  the 
Legislature  every  three  years  for  each  election  district. 
The  Commissioners  have  the  power  of  appointing 
Trustees  to  assist  in  the  discharge  of  their  duties — the 
services  of  both  being  gratuitous.  They  likewise  have 
the  following  powers:  1.  To  fix  the  localities  of 
schools.  2.  To  divide  the  election  districts  into  divi¬ 
sions,  assigning  to  each  division  one  Commissioner 
with  the  delegated  power  of  the  Board  and  three  Trus¬ 
tees.  3.  To  appoint  school-masters,  after  having  ex¬ 
amined  applicants,  and  to  remove  them  if  found  to  be 
unworthy  the  trust.  4.  To  decide  on  the  admission  of 


EDUCATION. 


55 


scholars.  5.  To  arrange  the  system  of  instruction. 
6.  To  unite  the  Free  School  fund,  appropriated  to  their 
several  Boards,  with  the  funds  of  private  schools  for  the 
purpose  of  instructing  as  many  poor  scholars  as  it  will 
pay  for.  7.  To  draw  on  the  State  Treasury  for  the 
sum  due  in  favor  of  each  teacher,  naming  him,  the  num¬ 
ber  of  his  school,  division,  and  time  of  service.  8.  To 
superintend,  generally,  the  management  of  the  schools 
in  their  respective  districts.  9.-  On  the  fourth  Monday 
in  October,  to  make  a  regular  return  to  the  Legislature 
or  to  such  person  as  the  Legislature  may  appoint,  of 
the  number  of  months  each  school  has  been  kept  open ; 
of  the  number  of  scholars  attending  each  ;  and  of  the 
sums  drawn  on  account  of  each  school. 

There  are  likewise  penalties  attached  for  the  neglect 
of  a  Commissioner  in  the  performance  of  any  of  the 
above  duties ;  but  as  long  as  their  is  no  head  to  super¬ 
intend  the  general  movement  of  the  whole  system,  we 
fear  that  but  little  benefit  will  accrue  to  the  State  from 
the  present  Free  School  system. 

The  following  is  the  last  report  of  the  Commission¬ 
ers  for  Charleston,  and  simply  specifies  the  number  of 
scholars,  not  even  distinguishing  between  the  males  and 
females : 

Scholars.  Money  expended. 


School  No.  L 

132 

1200 

“  2 

82 

1200 

“  4 

80 

750 

“  5 

100 

750 

Total. 

394 

3900 

The  average  time  that  these  scholars  remain  at 
school  is  five  years ;  and  the  average  cost  of  each,  per 
annum,  about  $10.  They  are  instructed  in  orthogra¬ 
phy,  reading,  writing,  grammar  and  arithmetic. 


56 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


The  High  School  of  Charleston  was  founded  by  an 
Ordinance  of  the  City  Council  in  the  year  1839,  with  a 
view  of  placing  within  the  reach  of  every  citizen,  in 
connection  with  the  College  of  Charleston,  the  means 
of  giving  his  sons  a  complete  liberal  education,  with¬ 
out  the  necessity  of  sending  them  away  from  under  the 
parental  eye  and  guardianship,  and  the  wholesome  and 
restraining  influence  of  home,  kindred  and  friends, 
during  the  most  critical  periods  of  their  lives.  The 
Ordinance  ratifying  the  institution  was  ratified  in  May 
and  the  school  went  into  operation  on  the  first  of  July 
following  :  and  in  order  to  place  the  institution  “  on  a 
firm  and  lasting  foundation”  the  public  faith  of  the  City 
is  pledged  to  pay  annually,  for  one  hundred  years,  the 
sum  of  one  thousand  dollars  towards  forming  “  a  per¬ 
manent  and  accumulating  fund”  for  its  benefit.  The 
income  arising  from  this  fund,  together  with  that  derived 
from  tuition,  is  to  be  expended  for  the  improvement 
and  enlargement  of  the  school.  The  care  and  super¬ 
vision  of  the  school  is  lodged  in  a  Board  of  Supervi¬ 
sors,  consisting  of  the  Mayor  and  four  Aldermen  of 
the  City,  (ex  officio)  and  six  Trustees  of  the  College, 
who  elect  the  Teachers  and  perform  the  other  duties 
ordinarily  assigned  to  such  a  Board,  subject  to  the  con¬ 
trol  and  approval  of  the  Council. 

The  course  of  study  in  this  institution  is  extensive  : 
embracing  the  English,  French,  and  Classical  Langua¬ 
ges,  together  with  Mathematics  and  the  'Natural 
Sciences.  It  is  divided  into  two  departments — the 
Classical  and  the  English — into  either  of  which  boys 
can  enter  at  the  option  of  their  parents. 

According  to  the  regulations  adopted  by  the  Board 
of  Supervisors,  boys  are  admitted  as  soon  as  they  46  can 
spell  correctly,  read  fluently,  and  are  acquainted  with 
the  four  fundamental  rules  of  Arithmetic.”  Scholars 


EDUCATION. 


57 


usually  enter  at  ten  years  of  age,  but  some  as  early  as 
eight  or  nine,  and  continue  six  or  seven  years,  accord¬ 
ing  as  they  go  through  a  greater  or  less  part  of  the 
course. 

The  building  is  located  on  the  south  side  of  Society 
street,  and  was  erected  in  1842,  at  an  expense  of  16,000 
dollars.  It  is  three  stories  high,  the  lower  story  form¬ 
ing  a  Chapel.  The  business  of  the  institution  is  con¬ 
ducted  by  a  Principal,  who  has  entire  control  of  the 
studies  and  discipline  of  the  school,  and  by  three  assis¬ 
tants.  The  expense  of  tuition  is  fixed  at  $10  per  quar¬ 
ter.  The  average  number  of  pupils  in  the  school  since 
its  commencement  has  been  between  130  and  150,  and 
the  whole  number  that  have  entered  is  very  near  eight 
hundred. 

The  Charleston  College  was  chartered  in  1791,  with 
all  the  powers  usually  granted  to  Colleges.  But  for 
many  years  it  existed  rather  as  an  Academy  or  Gram¬ 
mar  School  than  a  College.  About  the  year  1824  it 
was  revised  as  a  Collegiate  Institution,  with  a  Grammar 
School  attached,  and  continued  so  until  the  year  1837, 
when  it  was  re-organized  by  an  arrangement  between 
the  Trustees  and  the  City  Council,  whereby  a  surren¬ 
der  of  all  the  property  of  the  College  was  made  to  the 
City  Council,  in  trust,  fou  the  purpose  of  re-establish¬ 
ing  and  maintaining  the  Institution  upon  a  more  im¬ 
proved  plan.  The  Council  is  chargeable  with  the  ex¬ 
penses  of  the  College  in  case  of  the  inadequacy  of 
tuition  fees  and  other  income  of  the  College,  and 
acquiring  the  right  of  appointing  Trustees,  and  also  of 
being  represented  in  the  Board  by  members  of  their 
own  body.  The  arrangement,  so  made,  was  confirmed 
by  an  Act  of  the  Legislature,  and  the  College  has  since 
continued  to  flourish,  and  now  gives  every  promise  of 

complete  success. 

8 


58 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Two  new  Professorships  have  lately  been  established: 
one  of  Belles  Letters,  which  is  supported  by  the  liberal 
subscription  of  the  citizens  of  Charleston  and  its  vici¬ 
nity — the  other  of  Natural  History,  which  is  maintain¬ 
ed  by  the  interest  arising  from  the  annual  appropriation 
of  one  thousand  dollars  for  the  formation  of  a  City 
College  fund  under  the  Ordinance  of  the  6th  May,  1839, 
and  which  has  been  accumulating  up  to  the  present 
time. 

The  expense  of  tuition  in  this  Institution  is  eighty 
dollars  per  annum,  and  the  class  of  the  present  year 
numbers  sixty-seven. 

The  only  two  Libraries  of  any  extent  in  Charleston 
are  the  Charleston  Library  Society,  incorporated  in 
1754,  and  the  Apprentices’  Library  Society,  instituted 
in  1824.  In  the  fire  which  occurred  in  1778  the 
Charleston  Library  was  almost  entirely  destroyed — it 
is  at  present,  however,  in  a  flourishing  condition  and 
contains  upwards  of  twenty  thousand  volumes.  The 
Apprentices’  Library  contains  about  four  thousand 
volumes — collected  principally  by  donations.  During 
the  summer  months  Lectures  are  given  on  various 
branches  of  science,  by  one  of  its  members,  every  two 
weeks  ;  it  is  in  a  thriving  condition,  and  well  answers 
the  purpose  for  which  it  was  instituted. 

There  are  three  daily  papers  published  in  the  City, 
each  of  which  have  a  large  circulation,  and  are  ably 
conducted.  There  is  likewise  a  Medical  Journal  pub¬ 
lished  bi-monthly — the  Southern  Review  published 
quarterly. 


i 


COMMERCIAL  STATISTICS 


59 


COMMERCIAL  STATISTICS. 

Under  this  head,  more  appropriately  than  any  other, 
must  the  sources  of  the  wealth  of  the  City  be  arranged. 
Possessing  but  few  manufacturing  establishments,  and 
therefore  no  intrinsic  sources  of  wealth,  it  is  to  her 
commerce  alone, — her  exports,  her  imports, — her  re¬ 
ceipts  and  sales  of  produce  from  the  interior,  and  the 
supply  afforded  in  return — that  she  must  depend  for  an 
increase  of  prosperity  and  wealth.  No  effort  has  ever 
been  made  hitherto  to  collect  and  arrange,  in  one  con¬ 
nected  series,  all  the  attainable  materials  which  go  to 
make  up  this  source  of  her  prosperity.  It  has  conse¬ 
quently  been  a  work  of  much  labor  to  bring  together 
all  the  materials  for  the  construction  of  the  following 
tables.  Some  of  it  has  been  collected  from  private 
sources ;  some  from  published  records  and  documents ; 
and  some  from  official  sources. 

For  the  information  comprised  under  this  head,  em¬ 
bracing  the  subjects  of  Navigation  and  Tonnage,  Im¬ 
ports,  Exports,  Crops,  &c.  dec.,  we  are  indebted  to 
Mr.  John  B.  DeSaussure,  Factor  of  this  City,  whose 
practical  knowledge  of  commercial  matters  is  a  suffi¬ 
cient  guarantee  of  the  accuracy  of  the  tables.  These 
are  given  as  they  have  been  furnished  to  us,  without 
comment.  They  are  so  full  as  to  afford  in  themselves 
almost  a  complete  history  of  the  commerce  of  Charles¬ 
ton,  upon  the  subjects  embraced  in  the  tables. 


60 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON 


£  8 

e  c 

to  ~ 

o  *G 

-t-o  to 

°  w 

to  to*- 
5  tc^ 

•S."^  to 

c©  2  O 


to  .s 

C©  —««> 

Co 

to  'to 
K  f-CS 
1"^  •*£» 


1 

C  * 

W 


•+^> 
•  h*> 


O 

Co 

rv 

to 

to 

-to 

CO 

.  « 


O  s 

w  8  to 

r  •  *■£  "g 

°Q  §.S 

»•  o 
S  to 

^  CO  to 

Co  ftoi 

to  to  -to 

r'-*4  Co 

to  CO 

to 

V-  ^  ^3 

o  •  to  to 

S  •«** 

to  Sto 

A°  ^  g 

Ww  rH  o 

to^  ^ 

-*h>  o  ^ 

ro  ^ 


to 

o 

to. 

^  **o 

b  »s 

'w  Oj 

to  0 
>0  to 

Cc 

to 

to 

H  1 

-to 

CO 

<v 

to»to 

to 

<>* 

•>• 

Co 

?2  ** 

to^  *Ka 

Co 

£ 

cO 

r*to. 

o 

Sh> 

<0 

§ 

oto 

o* 

^  *g 

-*r  * 
c 

_  Co 


to 


04 

r>. 


to  to 
to 


n 

to 

*  04 


o 

G 


a> 

in 

G 

o 

hr< 


m 

G 

O 

0? 

rG 


G 

Tj 

O 

to 

O 


o 

to 

© 

r—< 

02 

r£3 

£ 

Xfl 

"o 

in 

m 

© 

> 

'of) 

G 

'-5 

J3 

U 

G 

•  rH 

in 

to 

<1 

> 

w 

tf 

tf 


Total. 

^Ha)^CiCOQOHH(MHCi 

iQ  CO  O  »~h  rH  r— i  00  CO  O  O  r— i  O' 

rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH 

rtt 

CO 

CM 

r-H 

Steamboats 

OCiHC)C5000C0  0100CO  xo 

rH  r—l  rH  rH 

Sloops. 

OiCiO0^OHOOHOO^ 

'H  rH  rH  p-H  rH  rH  rH  H  rH  iH  rH 

00 

10 

iH 

Schooners. 

>QH>ofi«comooocoo 

t^r^OiOiOCO'ct'CMCM^'OiO 

CO 

0 

CO 

Brigs. 

(MCOCOOO^COCO^hOO 

CO  Cl  rH  Cl  Cl  r““l  rH  H  Cl  rH  rH 

CO 

CM 

©1 

Ships. 

HCCClCOOO^OGOhO 

ClrHiHrHr— irHrHrH  rHrHrH 

02 

IT- 

rH 

iH 

CO 
00 
i— i 

r-4 

-i  _o  "C  c  ^  ^Cn.44  t*  O 

0  a  «  !©<=-  3^  3  aT-j  o  o 

* 

H- 

O 

Eh 

Total. 

CMI— lOOOrftU'CO^CDCOr- 1 
O^COCOOCiiOHCOCOCOd 

i— i  r-H  r—t  r—t  r—t  ^  *™t 

02 

CO 

©1 

rH 

Steamboats 

t'  O  ^  O  ©  to  H  CO  C-  t" 

rH  rH  H  CO 

Sloops. 

TfCOCOffiOCO^tOOO'OO© 
i — 1  r—t  r—l  r-t  r—l  CM  r—t 

0 

0 

r—t 

Schooners. 

^©Clt'r-I(MOO(M(N©I^OO 

C'rrt-COiOiOCMtMHCOOCO 

rH 

©1 

CO 

Brigs. 

iooooo©HtOHOOia(MC 
COHrttMOlHr IH  r-t  CM  r— 1 

H 

rH 

©1 

Ships. 

CM  00  to  CO  00  CM  CO  00  CO  O  H  O 

Ol  r—t  r—l  CM  l— 1  r—t  r™H  CM  CM  r— 1 

r- 

co 

o 

CO 

CO 

^H 

rC  -02  "2  "C  r»~.  2  >  O 

O  O  ^  Ph  C3  3  'G  P  02  O  O  CO 

^5ttorCo<3^l— Jl— 5<Jj/20^Q 

H 

■H 

O 

Eh 

Total. 

CO  rH  rH  ’“T  Cl  rH  rH  J>  rH  Cl  GO  Cl 

C1C1C1HHOOCO^COC5^C5 

rH  |H  rH  rH  H  rH  rH 

CO 

t— 

CM 

H 

Steamboats 

GO  O  CO  O  O  h  d  h  C 

rH  rH  iH  rH 

0 

00 

Sloops. 

ootMcor-£^r'-c'OcocD*o!>^< 

1 — 1  1 — 1  1 — 1  1— 1  CM 

GO 

CM 

rH 

Schooners. 

CO©HM©©(MCOCO(MCOCO 

COil»0>051CMCOCOCO'1’CDa) 

co 

CO 

iO 

Brigs. 

iO'OOr-ttMOOrl'iClCOt'OO© 

CM  CM  CO  CM  CO  r—l  r—l  r—l  r—t  CM  CO 

5 

©1 

Ships. 

CCOHCO^COOCOQhCO^ 
rH  Cl  rH  Cl  CO  rH  rH  rH  CO  CO 

0 

CO 

©1 

02 
CM 
00 
> — i 

-4  Gh  ^  r>^i  OX)  J  -*  (^J 

^0  J5  p-«  S"3  ^  00  0  cu 

"ci 

~4— ' 

0 

Eh 

— 

Total. 

CMO»C5Ht-0»0— iCM 
asaiooioiorfoocoio 

r—l  r—t 

CO 

GO 

1' 

Steamboats 

L^COt^iO  Cl  Tt  O  rH 

rH  Tt1 

Sloops. 

OCIO^^O^GO^ 

rH  rH  H  Cl  H 

H 

O 

rH 

Schooners. 

OOOt'WfflCOCOt' 

'rfCMCOC-l^r-iCMHiO 

H 

rH 

CO 

Brigs. 

^mor-ttoocococc 

CM  CM  CM  r—t  HH(Nm 

00 

CO 

r—l 

Ships. 

-tO©t'lC5(Mt'COiCJ 
r—t  CM  r—l  CM  CO  CO 

O 

O 

i-H 

GO 

Cl 


■fi  >>  2  >4  &b' 


>  o 


NAVIGATION  AND  TONNAGE 


61 


3 

o 

r-1 

•  pH 

aj 

m 

J-t 

O 

rs 

a> 

Xfi 

3 

O 

Total. 

OOOChCD^hiOhoOhCI 

C0rtl>OM^rH05iO>Ot»05'-i 

pH  rH  pH  r-H  pH  rH  pH 

Tt* 

O 

CO 

pH 

Steamboats 

CMM0)00(MCDC0(MC0OH  CO 

r—l  I— 1  H  H  oi 

Sloops. 

CO  CO  ©  r- '  00  (M  00  00  00  05  (M 

H  CON  (M  rH  rH 

1 63 1 

Schooners. 

DOOO(NCDCO(M^ff)COfN03 

E'-t-OOCOCOCO-^CMCMCO'^-'t 

637 

Brigs. 

cMoocsocicocoL'-Cit-Tt*© 

!M  (M  (M  (M  (N  rt  H  rH  rH  r-H 

GO 

CM 

Ol 

Ships. 

u5  05(D>0(MCTMmOHOH 

r- 1  r-H  l-H  i— 1  CM  r- li — 1  i — 1  rH  i — It — 1(71 

CO 

00 

rH 

i 

1831 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

April 

May 

June 

July 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

-f— 1 

O 

Eh 

Departures,  including  all  vessels,  whether  cleared  at  the  Custom  E 
clearing. 

Total. 

tOCOCO^QrfOOOOlOOin 

C'(M(r>T^cqo5ooco^c-airH 

rH  t-H  rH  i-H  1 — 1  r—| 

0 

05 

CM 

pH 

Steamboats 

1  C  i  H  (M  rH  n  00  CO 

HH  t-H  rH  CO 

Sloops. 

- — 

O  CO  O  CO  i — i  00  >0  O  CO  (M  OO  CD  l(M 

H  (M  H  H  rHrHT-H|Tt( 

1  I-H 

Schooners. 

OCTHOOOOOCMOiOiOOO  |  i— h 
ffliOCOt'CO’J'^rHCOCOiO'^  j  Hf 

1  CO 

Brigs. 

OJ-fomcorH'^coco^ooo  |o 

CO  (M  05  (M  Ol  (M  H  rH  CM  1  CO 

1  CM 

Ships. 

OC005^005050)1C500C01C5 

CO  (M  !M  (M  Ol  IH  r-1  I-H(M 

p 

CM 

1830 

drd  %%  >  d 

S  °  vS  S  3  P  ®  CJ  O  Oj 

'-^^^<1^!— st-s  <i  £©  o  <5  q 

Total 

Total. 

00100>C5C003COT)ICO(M^O 

HClOHH05iOiO«5>OOTf 

i-H  t-H  t-H  i-H  i-H  i-H 

00 

0 

pH 

pH 

Steamboats 

OChOIhOONhhnOC  05 

1 — It — 1  rH  — H  t— 

Sloops. 

GOOOOOt-COiQCOOOOOt-  ICO 

rH  rH  rH  r-H  j  O 

1  rH 

Schooners. 

QC3Ht'05ioTiirtn^05co 

CO  CM  tT  CO  Cl  CM  CO  CO  CM  Tf  CO 

447 1 

Brigs. 

iQHiociconTfooocMH^ 

CO  CO  CM  CM  CM  CM  rH  rH  T-H  CM  Cl 

CM 

co 

CM 

Ships. 

COOOCOCOO(MOOCOhCOO) 

d  r-H  (M  rH  CO  CO  rH  pH  pH  Cl 

t~ 

pH 

OJ 

i 

k 

1829 

C?  ^  h  ***>  ^0"^  -a-!  *>  O 

Total 

Total. 

lOOiCOCOiO-POifC- 

ooor-coicjcoiono 

pH 

643 

Steamboats 

GO  ^  rt  to  ^  O  pp 

rH 

Sloops. 

f-HiOt^OOOiOl^rHCO  1  O 

pH  pH  pH  j  |y» 

1 

Schooners. 

OOCO^MMhhCOCO 

CMCMCMr-HCOCMrHCMCM 

00 

0 

CM 

Brigs. 

coascoooiocorHt^ 

(M  CM  H  (N  rH  rHrHCM 

O 

s 

Ships. 

cMiOt— ilT-OOCMTfCMOO 

H  Cl  CM  H  T-H  CM  CO 

05 

1C 

1828 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

April 

May 

June 

July 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Total 

62 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Monthly  Arrivals — continued ♦ 

Total. 

C0(M00(MiO»O(MrHt'iQrtO5 

T*<co>-ico(Noor~cDr'-C5*ac^ 

l-H  l"H  |-H  1— 1  I-H  l—|  i-H 

1320 

Steamboats 

oo)coo(M(Ncoaoom'>f  n 

r-<  rH  i-H  ,-H  r-l 

00 

50 

i-H 

Sloops. 

^  d  *0  r-H  r-H  r-H  r-H  Q}  r-H  CO 

CO 

Schooners. 

OO'MOOJOJiQfN'Hat'Cl 

t'cococoio^coc'imoico^ 

Cl 

05 

»o 

Brigs. 

‘OCCICt'CCOOTfNOlcO 

COCOdCIOlF-irHOIOlClClCO 

50 

o 

CO 

Ships. 

-f-^OOOCOC0005'<tft^Cl© 

Cl  Cl  >— i  Cl  Cl  <-*  rt  05  CO  CO 

Cl 

CO 

Cl 

iO 

CO 

oo 

rH 

-0  _o  52 " 5-1  ^  At*  ^l-1 i  p  6 

rt  Art  §  T3  O  57  o  o  a 

r3 

o 

Eh 

Total. 

0)M(MtOOC5iX100rtrj(„ 

o:O50O5O5r-it'OiiOC5lO»O 

rH  rH  r-H  r-H  rH  rH  rH  rH 

1402 

Steamboats 

COClOOOOOlHiOrtOOi1 
i— 1  Cl  i— 1  1-H  r- 1  i— (rHr— ( 

05 

2 

Sloops. 

HiQC0C0CllTtN^>QO3t'^  05 

H* 

Schooners. 

HMt'OOCOfflOlOCOOO! 

OTft~io»o-^C'iTf|r-ico»or- 

30 

JC- 

o 

Brigs. 

OOCOt-OMSOOinOrHCOrf 

COCIOOCOCIOIOIOICICOtFCO 

05 

o 

CO 

Ships. 

^OCSCOCOiOTjiCOrHCOCOt' 

00hC5O5(NOIhhhC0M5!| 

o 

oo 

Cl 

| 

1834 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

April 

May 

June 

July 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Total  1 

Total. 

OCOOiOJrfCOCOOCOOaiOO 
(nOOHffiOOCOrtOKO 
i-H  i-H  i-H  t“H  i-H  i-H  i"H  i-H 

1274 

Steamboats 

OC)rHCOMt'ClCO»Qt'OiO 

rH  r-H  rH  rH  rH  rH 

Is 

Sloops. 

TfOOCOCOCOCOiO'CClt-COt'-  rf 

i— i  t~ 

Schooners. 

concooKMOoimooi 

OiOiO-^T^TfeovocoeoiOE* 

00 

o 

o 

Brigs. 

MT?(MfOO(M»nt'CO»00 

0505(MC0OIC0-HHHC005^ 

o 

o 

CO 

Ships. 

C050r-©i005C005t-50rHT* 
(Ml— 1  H  CM  l-H  rH  COCOCO 

T* 

CO 

Cl 

1833 

-S  i-Q  Z2  *■*  ■'T*  C  ^  ^"cLc+n  5-  t> 
h  Ph  rt  j=j  ^  jy 

15 

o 

Eh 

Total. 

c«CH^cooocmoo 

t'COCOCOrfOiO'O'^Q-HOO 

rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH 

05 

o 

CO 

rH 

Steamboats 

HHHCOffiOOOIrtOUQOCO 

rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH 

co 

o 

rH 

Sloops. 

ooioi'-oc^coocododt-  r- 

rH  rH  rH  00 

Schooners. 

QOCO(D(?5CDO(OMQOC5H 

COJC-COtr^OiOClClClCOTjtCO 

CO 

05 

50 

Brigs. 

(OCOi-'OCO'frHQOCIt'Clt' 
-^CMCOtMCOCMi-i  i-i  CM  <M  rt< 

Tf 

O 

CO 

Ships. 

t'WpHCOt''0(OCi?COHrtC5 

Tt4  i— i  (M  i— i  <M  i— 1  --I  Cl  Cl  50 

CO 

co 

Cl 

Cl 

CO 

00 

r-H 

ri  r£  ?H  *g  >->  2  >*  >  O 

P  o  =2  Art  §  13  P  CJ  o  o  0J 

Total! 

Monthly  Departures — continued. 


NAVIGATION  AND  TONNAGE 


|  Total. 

doosioddddoot-rfd 

CO'^OTfCOOQOCCuOI'CiTlH 

rH  rH  r— 1  rH  rH  rH  r— i 

o 

CO 

CO 

i-H 

[Steamboats 

O  O  (O  (O  CO  i — i  CO  ©  CO  CO  i — i 

r-lr— It— 1  i— It— lr— 1  •— 1  i — I  i— 1  rH  d 

CO 

»o 

[Sloops. 

iO  CO  Tf  CO  CO  nH  Tf  rl  O 

CO 

Schooners. 

C'H^t'COMrtCOhOlCOa 

ior^c^jc^coo-^dddcoTf 

rH 

05 

*o 

Brigs. 

OOOrtifJOOOCOOO^HH 

COCOTfCONHrlHHIMOqn 

CO 

o 

CO 

Ships. 

CO  CO  d  H  (M  H  r-H  r-t  rt 

o 

ia> 

d 

iO 
CO 
00 
i— 1 

So  ^  g's  PS  o  O  o  «u 

£  ^  <$  §  £  £  C  x  O  £  ft 

’"Si 

-H 

o 

eh 

Total. 

co  co  c-  i- 1  ©  c~  <— icicococoi— i 

''td^CDOOt'-OOCOCOTt* 

l-H  r— 1  i-H  i-H  i-H  l-H  i-H  i-H 

o 

CO 

CO 

rH 

Steamboats 

oooicooaoooooico 

1— (  l-H  l-H  r-H  CS  r-H  rHi-Hl-H 

CD 

rH 

Sloops. 

NTf^TjUOTf  N(M(MHTfcO  t~ 

CO 

Schooners. 

O  O  GO  05  <  rf  O  »0  05  CO  >-h  05 

©iOiOt'COCO(M(MHHOiO 

d 

*C 

Brigs. 

OOOOlt'IMOOlMt'OJ'tCOCO 

Tt<dCOCOCOddrHi-HdCOTt< 

CO 

CO 

CO 

Ships. 

cooor-oddt'ooooococo 

NOKMCTCOCOiHrt  r-H  d  d 

d 

t- 

d 

Tj< 

CO 

00 

rH 

_J  <d  ^  "£<  ^  c  ^7*  tiio'cL+i  ^  o 

S  O  3  03  P  O  C5  ®  o 

£  g  g  £  h?  <j  m  o  £  n 

-4— > 

o 

H 

Total. 

C-C-O^HiOOCO-^iOOOCOCD 

'^cocicodooor^ior~'-<r-i 

i-H  rH  i-H  i-H  i-H  i-H  l-H  i-H 

r- 

oo 

d 

rH 

Steamboats 

OOi(MCliOCO(MCOtOHO^ 

rH  r-H  i-H  f-H  r-H  rH  r-H 

C5 

o 

rH 

Sloops. 

r~or-»-H£-r~io»o-*tcooco  t- 

l-H  l-H  £— 

Schooners. 

t"^H00^(MO5Tj<if5t-miC5 
>C  O  CO  IQ  O  rt  CO  ffl  (N  rf  r)( 

05 

lO 

Brigs. 

. 

MHOOOOOOCiOOt't'O 
COCOdCOdddi— 1  H  H  n  (M 

rH 

o 

CO 

Ships. 

(MQOt'O'HOOOt'COOCOCO 

co  ■— t  d  d  d  d  d  d 

rH 

50 

d 

co 

„  CO 
00 

rH 

•  rj  -2  r-  r*-.  fc-' 

§  j5\2  2  2  J2 

rcJ 

-4— ' 

o 

Total. 

oocDoocoodiCi-Ht'-coi-H 

HOCCOHdCOi'COiOOOCl 

l-H  i-H  rH  l-H  i-H  i-H  i-H 

Tj* 

I" 

d 

rH 

Steamboats 

OO^COt^^HHfOCJCNCI 

r-H  rH  r-H  rH  rH  rH  rH 

TP 

O 

rH 

Sloops. 

00COO500dO5-^COCO»£5COr-  CO 

>-1  00 

Schooners. 

d  >— lOt^COCOGOOCOOt^CO  | 
iQCOOOO'fCOddCOdlM'# 

rH 

oo 

id 

Brigs. 

OlM'^COd00COdO5'lf'#(M 

dCOCOCOddi-Hi-H  l-H  d  CO 

CO 

00 

d 

Ships. 

CCOOCCOrHOOCOOOt'Tf 
i-H  CO  CO  i-H  i— H  Cl  rH  i-H  i-Hd 

o 

d 

d 

Cl 

CO 

CO 

l-H 

CrP  ^  S  .£*  >  « 

5  <y  lS  3  c3  r3  a>  O  O  o 

r-H 

c3 

H 

o 

Eh 

Monthly  Arrivals — continued. 


64 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON 


Total. 

O!>QO)iOO5C0(Mr'O3(M00iH 

OCTOOO^COOOCOrtO 

pH  05  pH  pH  p- 1  H  pH  pH  C5  C5 

05 

CO 

05 

^H 

Steamboats 

OKMOOOlCOOCOOOOt'COCO 

Tf 

CO 

50 

Sloops. 

(MCOrtCOCOOINHCO  Tfco  o 

CO 

Schooners. 

©cot'rtm>ocot'no(Mt' 

05C5  00  00iOTf<0505COT)<05£p 

r-H 

o 

oo 

t- 

Brigs. 

^rH00i0O'C,t'C0C0»Qt'00 
CO  CO  CO  00  15  CO  p- <  05  05  05  CO  CO 

o 

CO 

CO 

Ships. 

i0C3i0pfir3O't©C5O(MO 

05  C5  r- 1  05  H  C5  h  (M  oo  CO 

50 

CO 

05 

05 

CO 

oo 

t-H 

_•  rj  >5  2  >  6 

S  ^  S  H  ST  o  o  a 

eg 

"o 

Eh 

Total. 

C0^05(jD»0  05  COt'C005'-i(J5 
fflOOOlOCOOOCCOOH 
pH  r— 1  t-H  05  pH  pH  pH  pH  05  05 

CO- 

CO 

00 

r-H 

Steamboats 

05  O  lO  Tf  CO  00  ^  05  O  C  05  H 

O5  05  05  O5COO5O5p<hO5O5CO 

1  50 
GO 
05 

Sloops. 

HHHC0O5Tf05O5H  CO  05  O 

05 

Schooners. 

r^oooiococooopHoocopHcq 

OQhOCOCCOtJIOICOOOO 

pH  pH  pH  pH 

CO 

oo 

00 

Brigs. 

OJCOCDOOJOOTCt'MOJt'O 

CO  CO  tF  05  05  05  pH  05  05  rf  O 

1  05 

Ships. 

d  (M  r-H  CO  CO  r— I  rH  t-H  r-H  CO  Cl 

rH 

co 

05 

00 

CO 

oc 

drd  ri-'S  bS  >  © 

13 

O 

Eh 

Total. 

C5'Ot'OC5H  05  00  C0CDiOt' 
Hi#oOiOOOOCi05HHCl 

pH  pH  pH  pH  pH  pH  pH  pH  05  H 

00 

rH 

CO 

rH 

Steamboats 

rf-rf<pHoor~<x>pH05oocoo5cc> 
pH  i — i  05  H  h  i — i  05  ' — i  050505 

rH 

05 

Sloops. 

hcotJ  mo5cohho5C^ 

5 

Schooners. 

00  00  ph  CO  CO  CD  05  05  pH 

‘OL^C5)r*>OCO-^Tj<CO'ptipHO 

rH  t-H 

05 

£ 

Brigs. 

05  CO  00  05  CO  i-h  00  ph  ©  05  O  05 
COCOCOCOHCOHCOC005i*^ 

05 

t- 

co 

Ships. 

OOOi^CDCOCDt-OGOO^^ 

rH  CD  r-H  t-H  r-H  r-H  t-H  t-H  (M  CO  C^l 

05 

CO 

05 

r- 

co 

oo 

r-H 

r;  _d  £  ’£  >%  2  p^tb'o.^  >  c5 

E  a?  «  p  o  O  O  « 

^  Pm  g  ^  ^  £  <3  m  O  £  Q 

13 

-4-* 

o 

Eh 

Total. 

CD05iOCD05COiOtJ<05hhiO 

C005CD05rH0500n>OO^CO 

pH  pH  pH  pH  pH  pH  pH  rH  pH 

05 

o 

t-H 

Steamboats 

r-H  r-H  t-H  r-H  rH  t-H  t-H  t-H  t-H  t-H 

05 

tp 

rH 

Sloops. 

h  Tf  05  !D  CO  H  h  ^  CO  H 

05 

05 

Schooners. 

05iO00OrfC0  0'5C0^HTf05 
^TM'C0^OTt'C005C0C0C0 

oo 

00 

50 

Brigs. 

cocotp-copHaintrHCOp^TtpH 

^  05  CO  05  CO  05  i — i  05  H  05  05 

05 

CO 

CO 

Ships. 

CO05HOl>OHH00TtlO3H^ 

05  CO  CO  ph  pH  05  ph  h  05  CO  ‘rf 

rH 

GO 

05 

CO 

CO 

00 

r-H 

•  '~T,  >,2  >,  >  o 

§  a>  Jx*  yP 

13 

o 

Eh 

Monthly  Departures — continued. 


NAVIGATION  AND  TONNAGE. 


{Total. 

j 

t'  rH  (M  (M  ^  00  cq  OO  lO  O  rt  M 

HM(N(MbCOr-iOOOOCOai 
(M  CM  d  d  t-H  t-H  t-H  t-H  i-H  t— 1  t-H 

00 

co 

rH 

Steamboats 

ci  m  Tj<  (m  c-i  »o  ^  co  t' m  o 

CO 

10 

10 

Sloops. 

COrtCOCONiOCKMClrH  CO  O 

CO 

Schooners. 

COdiOOOCOOOOOiOCOCOdt'' 

o  ci  -h  o  o  >n  ci  m  ci  ci  co 

r-H  t-H  t-H 

803 

Brigs. 

cortiQiocooofociecieco 

Tj*  CO  CO  CO  Cl  Cl  Cl  n  d  Cl  CO 

364 

Ships. 

cocoiOrit'OO^GOkOoiaico 

CO  Cl  Cl  Cl  d  Cl  rt  1-H(M 

00 

CO 

CM 

1839 

S  0)  1^  Ph  P  3  3  p  OJ  o  O  O) 

4  S  <1 S  £  h  <1  m  O  £  Q 

[Total 

Total. 

CDO-^iOOOt-COCOOOCOTtTt 

OrtHODOOiOClCOCOCOHOl 

CM  d  CM  t-H  rH  t-H  rH  rH  1— 1 

00 

rH 

00 

rH 

Steamboats 

t— 1  <— 1  t— ICOOOClrt!M>O^P- 1 

d  d  d  .CM  COCldHiHdClCO 

276 

Sloops. 

CO  *0  d  CO  rH  CM 

CM 

Schooners. 

Tt<C0O0r-Pt-~00C0Ol>^t<l>C0 

O-iHOSOOCOiO^ClCl^CO 

pH  t-H  t-H 

rH 

co 

00 

Brigs. 

lOClCDClCOOt'rtijiOJOOO 

TfC0TfC0C0C0ClCdClrt(M»O 

401 

Ships. 

COCOdHOM^ffiOrtCOO 

CO  CO  d  CO  CO  Cl  p- 1  i-h  CO 

256! 

1838 

pH  pP  b  "S  C  rb*  ^°'HhM-S  b  ® 

O  O-i  P  Mb  ?  a;  O  o  D 

|  Total 

Total. 

Cl^ClHQdCOh’ft'iMOO 
CO^t^iOrt<— iOOOCXJOO-^CTO 

pH  r—l  r—l  i—l  r—l  r—1  r—l  r—l  i—l 

1579 

Steamboats 

!DC0O>0t'HOlC5OHi(D 

HHdMHddHHCKMCl 

218 

Sloops. 

MdTft'COddPHddiO 

CO 

Schooners. 

HOCOHOOOOOClHOOO 

cor-Ciooco^^-'^cococoao 

*—< 

£ 

Brigs. 

^cioioiiooOpHCOiO'-ioor* 

Cl^COdCOddpHdCOd'^ 

10 

CD 

CO 

Ships. 

rH00)Odd»O>O^®dr-lO 

CO  pH  d  Cl  Cl  H  H  pH  r-H  CM  CO 

Tf< 

CO 

CM 

1837 

rib  3'  3  >»2  >»t5>tL*s  >  6 
ph=3  §3  5  ©  0  0  a> 

rc3 

O 

E-> 

Total. 

t-COHjipHrHClOOdtOOOCOTf 

CO  t-H  t”  oO  CO  H  O  IT"  CO  O  CO 

i—l  i—l  t-H  r-H  rH  t-H  rH  t-H  rH 

00 

CD 

CO 

t-H 

Steamboats 

HtttJlOt'OlCOHiOO'^t' 

CMrHrHtHrHi — It-Ht-H  rHrHrH 

00 

!' 

rH 

Sloops. 

rH  CO  CO  *0  H*  CM  rH  CM  CM 

CO 

CM 

Schooners. 

ooor-ooocMcir-coT^rHrH 

U0Tft't-k0r}<TtC0(M<Mrt<O 

573 

Brigs. 

OlOJOCOCOOOCOiOt't'COCl 

COdTfCOCldClHHHdd 

00 

CM 

CO 

Ships. 

CD  d  O  O  CO  t— 1  CO  OO  00  O  CO  l— 
d  CM  -Ht  CM  CM  CM  h  HdCO 

CD 

CD 

CM 

1836 

i 

•  ,jo  j-  >■  0 

§  0)  p  pH^  3  Cm  P  ©  0  0  0 

Total 

66 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON 


L rrivals — continued . 

Total. 

conHCTOicoeioooc'Tj'cp 

r- t  irt  i— 1  i— li— <  r— 1  rt  rl  H  Ol 

oc 

r- 

r-H 

Steam  boats 

ooiOrHrt«coffi>oniQioa) 

d 

oo 

o 

Sloops. 

fH  d  CO  H  »H  d  rH  lO  d  «H 

Ol 

r-H 

Schooners. 

CDtMOrtiOCDt'QO^onOt' 

OOiOCDCOr^Tfr-ir-iCir^'^r^ 

00 

t" 

1CS 

Brigs. 

t-©d*oood-'!fCT>C5T»<dd 
oo  oo  co  d  d  d  Cl  r-i  d  oo  Tf 

d 

OO 

Ships. 

^^OOIMhOJ^MhOIM 

H  «  H  M  H  H  05  rf  Tj< 

2651 

1842 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

Sept’ber. 

October 

Nov’ber. 

Dec’ber. 

i  Total.  •  1 

Total. 

OiOn^CUMOOOOfMOOOO 

Cl  rt 1  rtl  i— II— I  irt  i— 1  1— <  I— l  r-H  1— 1 

1673  1 

Steam  boats 

tfO^OOCOC100,'*l>COTt<COd 

5291 

Sloops. 

-rt  0O  >-i  CO  rf<  Cl  tJ<  d  >0 

1 

28  | 

Schooners. 

iOCOOO-^COOOOOOiOCOCOCl 

564 

Brigs. 

COCOfMCOClCOCOOJOiHCliO 

cocqniMcicjrtHHMeon 

296 

In* 

s 

1 

Ships. 

Ot'^CDCOOOMCOOOrHfOt' 

N  N  rt  rrt 

CO 

d 

1841 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

Sept’ber. 

October 

Nov’ber. 

Dec’ber. 

1  Total. 

Total. 

•^cocscoooajiodoioor^oo 

oM'CCc'oaooooiocot' 

Cl  l~ 1  rt" lr— <  1— If— 1  1—1  r— t  r— 1 

o 

t- 

r-H 

Steamboats 

COOCOOOJfflfflOMiOt'tt 
lO  iO  O  It  Tf  CO  CO  CO  rf  if 

r- 

00 

Sloops. 

CO  O  Cl  rt  rt  n  00  d 

o 

oo 

Schooners. 

OClHCOOOCOOOOdrtCl 

t't't'iOOCOCOCOCICOCOt' 

CO 

Brigs. 

oor-oood^cot'-r-  o  ci  co 

00  d  00  d  d  rtl  »— 1  rrt  rrt  CO  d  d 

288 

Ships. 

c-oor^FrtCor^iooocoai 

d  d  d  00  d  rtl  irtdCld 

241 1 

1840 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

Sept’ber. 

October 

Nov’ber. 

Dec’ber. 

Total.  1 

NAVIGATION  AND  TONNAGE. 


Monthly  Departures — continued . 

Total. 

COMNN'fOfltDOM'IM 

OCDr^OOiOTfOil^OOOCMO 

r- 1  1— <  »-l  »— li— 1  I— 1>— l_c<l 

1713 

Steamboats 

COCOtHTjimOKMCOrtiOrfOl 

529 

Sloops. 

• 

f— I  CO  CQ  H  H  H  cl  d 

*o 

rH 

Schooners. 

I000005>0  0)t'»0rt»0'^'1l 

t~cococD*0'*i<ci'-<cici'cocD 

567 

Brigs. 

o^t^r'O'^oaicoooooo 

CO  (M  CO  <M  I— 1  h  H  rt  (M  rf 

320 

Ships. 

-'3<ClCDC5Tt<C10-'tfOr'*'-<CO 
d  CO  <M  Cl  d  *-<  >-<  Cl 

1  2821 

<M 

00  i 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

1  Total 

Total. 

Tfooocor~ooo2cocoo*a(M 
r-r-osiacO'— 100001001^ 

*“H  i-H  1“H  r- (  i-H  i-H  i— 1  r— 4  rH  r—i 

1610 

Steamboats 

. 

«C'lOCD00t'(MrfaiTfcqCT 

rrlTt<OTj(Tt<TtTtfOcorfr}<rt( 

• 

rH 

Cl 

o 

Sloops. 

ClCOClI>iO'-iCl"'tl  t—4 

00 

Cl 

Schooners. 

^OJCT-HcqooaiOH^n© 

549 

Brigs. 

©O»OO'i<00C0  0Jt'^00C<3 
NnNNOlHcqHHC^cqcq 

277 

Ships. 

I"1,CO(M00^01COCOt>rHrH 
(M  N  CO  CO  rt  rt  ri  d  CO 

235 

1 

1841 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Total 

— 

Total. 

010;>OH05iOir0000003H 

^CJOOiOCDCOOlt'OOr-uOCO 

'N  r— 1  r— 1  r-H  r-H  r— <  r—H  f-H  r-H 

‘ 

1772  1 

Steamboats 

1 

N  rH  Oi  «  cq  t'  O  - i  tF  l"  CD  I" 
O'O^'^iO'tCOCOCOTf'tTji 

536 

Sloops. 

1 

IQ  >0  i1  H  r~l  0O>-H 

t" 

C1 

Schooners. 

TfCDHOUOOOW^OOO't 

C5t-oocD»o^codcocor-cD 

t- 

CD 

CD 

1 

Brigs. 

t'CO(NiOCOffit'(ai>(M^r)< 

-f  CO  CO  d  Cl  — t  «— »  «— r  1— I  «  N  ^ 

1  00 
05 
Cl 

1  Ships. 

CO  H  rH  CO  Ol  i— t  i— (  d 

Cl 

1840 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Total 

67 


68 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON 


Monthly  Arrivals — continued , 

Total. 

00(MT)<OQ0Tt(^TfOO©00 

Cl  r- 1  W  1- 1  rH :  I— 1 1  l-H It— ll-Hf— ll— li— 1 

oo 

o 

o 

Cl 

Steamboats 

SOOCDOJi-OCDfOMMOOCOt' 

COCOOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOiO 

I" 

l- 

t* 

Sloops. 

^  f-(  O  H  Cl  Cl  <— i  i-h 

00 

r-H 

Schooners. 

cocor-t'-'!*H<r'»aoci-}<co^ 

lO 

l" 

>o 

Brigs. 

iOODCi©ai|>OOC1C3COOO»0 

a 

i- 

C1 

Ships. 

o 

o 

CO 

TP 

00 

rH 

January  j 
February 
March 
April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

-Hr 

o 

H 

Total. 

wcoor'-oorHor-cocoxoco-* 

OOCOOOCOtMtMtMOJOiOOOOO 

rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  H  rH  H  rH 

o 

Cl 

00 

P*H 

Steamboats 

• 

Cl 

rH 

CO 

Sloops. 

(aUHNCjHHHHt'CI 

Cl 

Cl 

Schooners. 

C0CDL'*<M00iO^OC0Cr>00»O 

t'loi.-'iomcoconcico^co 

CO 

GO 

O 

Brigs. 

GOC'io^'er'COTfHioom 
«  w  ia  (M  h  h  m  h  n  o  c)  ia 

Cl 

00 

Cl 

Ships. 

i^COClTt<COCOCOCOCiCOr~Cl 

h  CO  «  (M 

rH 

Oi 

Cl 

00 

p—4 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov.  , 

Dec. 

e o 

O 

H 

Total. 

HClO-rtOMCUOOfICO 

OTfCOiOxfcOOOOHt'OOL'' 

Cl  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  i— l  rH 

Cl 

h 

r~ 

r-H 

Steamboats 

©oico©o<ac'ioonoiQO 

Tjc^TfTfrfifJiOiO^iOiQO 

. 

Oi 

o 

Sloops. 

rH  rH  rf  CO  rH 

o 

r-H 

Schooners. 

XCOTfHTtHOOCO'd'OHH 

COiO>OiO''3<<rOClrHClCOiOCO 

CO 

»o 

Brigs. 

rfXOacOt't'Tf^COCOH 

COdClClClCOrHrHClClCOCl 

CO 

o 

CO 

Ships. 

(M^CTXXnOCOWOtMH 
ooiouaiaH  hhco^co 

Cl 

Oi 

Cl 

CO 
rt< 
00 
>— i 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

*c5 

© 

NAVIGATION  AND  TONNAGE 


69 


r 

rotal. 

»00»Cirt'O(M(Mr?T)<WCD00 

D0)0oor*co«(a(ai,‘(50 

1973 

Monthly  Departures — continued , 

Steamboats 

^>Ht'i>coio(a»o«QOCor- 

OCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOtf3 

776 

Sloops. 

^  IH  (M  HClH 

rH 

Schooners. 

moi'CKa'fooortoot'CD 

572 

Brigs. 

MtNCOfMrfM^iQOCOOKN 

Cl 

i" 

Cl 

Ships. 

— •Tt-aoCOr-OOCOTT'.-it-ClCl 
M^COCfJMCTi-'HHC'lsqM 

338 

1845 

^  5  -<  To 

li  >  « 

=2  &.C  2  -3  =3  00 

j  Total 

Total. 

HCOHO^COOOiOTfOOCO 

oiooHooomrtOQOiM'OOi 

rlHfflHHrtrtH  1— (  1— 1  f— 1 

CO 

*Q 

00 

rH 

Steamboats 

(NfOO)TfCOCO^iO(M05COOO 

irjiQvO'OO'^iO^'^'^kOCD 

CO 

CO 

CO 

Sloops. 

H  Ol  (M  Tf  f— !  rH  r-H  rH  rH  d 

!  20  1 

Schooners. 

t-COClHHCOt^COOOOOOCO 

t'L"0O>CTtc^(MCYJrHCTTt*CO 

Cl 

CT) 

0 

Brigs. 

COCD^OOOCOrtOJOCIMOOS 

(MCTMffKMrttNHrtCqNN 

0 

CO 

Cl 

Ships. 

>oa-^oco>oca)ocoooTf 

M  (N  M  T)t  CO  n  H  rt  CO  CO 

0 

Cl 

CO 

1844 

|  January 
February 
March 
April 

May 

June  • 

July 

August 

Sept. 

October 

Nov. 

j  Dec. 

Total 

Total. 

qo  00  e  ©  h  00  co  05  rt  uo  0 

CDL'-l'CO'^COrHOOOJffliOCO 

r-H  r-H  rH  r-H  r-H  r-H  r— 1  r-HrHrH 

1733 

Steamboats 

CO'Clt-HCOCOCi'— ii-hCOiOCO 

•t  CO  rf  Tf  ^  O  IQ  >0  0  10  1C5 

590 

Sloops. 

rH  rH  Ol  01 

r- 

Schooners. 

r-H  rH  i-H  TT1  r-H  r-H  d  Cl  *0  CO 

D'COD'CO^COCOdC^CO’^rf 

Cl 

lO 

Brigs. 

1  ® 

HCOOOOCOCOCOHOOOOCl 
CO  N  CO  (M  (M  (M  Ol  ri  IH  (M  N  CO 

608 

Ships. 

t'OOOOOJCOCOOCT^'^l^iO 
rf  Tf  (M  (M  (M  O)  h  Cl  Cl 

0 

00 

Cl 

1843 

January 

February 

March 

April 

May 

June 

July 

August 

Sept. 

October 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Total 

Monthly  Arrivals — continued . 


70 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Total. 

COOOOHO’^OOClMTfO'i' 

oo»ot'>o»0(Nmm(N«5050) 

Ii-*r— Ci— fl— li— 1*— IrHl— 1 

11879 

Steamboats 

MOOMOCOCT^CKMOm-iCO 

COiOCOCOCOCOCOCOOOCOCO 

o 

CO 

t* 

Sloops. 

"  "  ! 

05 

Schooners. 

o  r~  i"  ^  ‘O  i'  cn  cc  co  o  t- 

iOT}<''tfCO'<tl<M<MCO<MCO»Ort< 

1C 

Brigs. 

C0C000O^F-*t'~i-i05OC005 

COhMO)Nhh(NhCT(MN 

277 

Ships. 

ooo<mooo5Cocoi-o»ooo5 

;  320 

SteamShips 

o  >Cl  >Q  ®  CO  CD  CD  CO  O)  OO  CO 

00 

CO 

00 

T}< 

00 

r-H 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

April 

May 

June 

July 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

|  Total 

Total. 

MOliNtNr-uO^OlCliQinO 

05O©05Tj<C0C0i-<C0C01'-r'* 

f— t  .""i  CM  F— !  F-*  rH  i-H  F— 1  f— 1  f-H 

1914  j 

Steamboats 

CO  CO  CO  GO  *0  1XN  O  CO  h 

coococococococococococo 

L- 

r- 

Sloops. 

fi  m  pi  ci  i-(  cq  i-iHcqpirt 

00 

r— ! 

Schooners. 

dcqOMrtitrtrtOOO^CO 

CDOt'CD^mMPKM'fiO'^ 

$ 

Brigs. 

COCOCDCOOCDMiDOt't'O 

i-H 

o 

CM 

Ships. 

OOHiOiOH-^iOCOHOOHOO 

CO  (M  CO  CO  *"H  r—1  rH  r— (  Cs|  CO  CO  CO 

313 

SteamShips 

HH«T-iC0PJC*5(M0qCD>O't 

. 

CO 

CO 

1847 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

April 

May 

June 

July 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

1  Total  1 

Total. 

->fOiO[Nrtt'00'J'Q0050505 

o^pcor-cocoocNcocoiooc 

(Mi— IF— <>— It— ll-Hl— It-Hr— If— (I— 1  i— I 

*o 

o 

05 

Steamboats 

OMOO'OOOCDOTM'^Ffot' 

CDO»OCDCDCOCDCDCDCDCOCO 

CO 

*0 

t- 

Sloops. 

?ua  <m  co 

05 

Schooners. 

coo^oo^nt'C-copiCDo 

553 

Brigs. 

i-<05O00OC0<M*O(M''f00(M 

MFllMi-lClCTHF-tpinrHCO 

05 

CO 

CM 

Ships. 

t-t'-oo05cocoooi>Tt<i-coco 
rn  >-(  (M  CM  -H  CO  f-h  <M  d  <M 

!  305 

SteamShips 

hoik  aaoiH 

CO 

i~4 

1846 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

April 

May 

June 

July 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Total 

NAVIGATION  AND  TONNAGE 


71 


Monthly  Departures — continued . 

Total. 

(MCOiOOOCODMDDOOTti 

t' CO  O  CO  iO  Tfi  ri  tT  CD  CO 

i— li— (DlHr— ll— tr—lf— (i— li-Hi— li— I 

r~ 

00 

rH 

Steamboats 

% 

cooo<mocm''^<m<mcdo5<m<m 

CO»OCOCOCOCDCOCOiO»OCOCO 

CM 

CO 

r~ 

Sloops. 

O  1 

rH 

Schooners. 

M^iQCOt'I'OOitCOQODH 

>OrfCO^MCOi-iNCqN^T)i 

00 

Tt< 

T)< 

Brigs. 

HHHPJt'HTfOWt'CDH 

<M<MCO(M<M<Mi-i<Mi-<<MCM<M 

VO 

CD 

<M 

Ships. 

i-icoooi-iioDiooor-cooco 

mcocooopic^Hi-ii-ioinM 

CM 

CO  to 

*-H 

<x> 

SteamShips 

i-imcoco^ioooiot'oooot'  loo  g 

I  5 

OO 

00 

5  qj  M  s  13  P  ®  o  O  <u 

Total  1 

ted  as  S< 

Total. 

r~Or-OOOOi-i©COCO<Mr~va 

r~050©vO''tf-tfO<M''fcOvO 

fH  rH  Cl  fH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH 

CM  u 

00  g 

oo  S 

~  § 

Steamboats 

coiiuoajt'Comffio^TfcM 

COOCOCOCOCOCOCDCDCDCDCO 

* 

759 

igs;  Fe 

Sloops. 

H  c^  CO  rH  O'!  rH  rH  rH  rH 

2  « 

m 

- 

Schooners. 

MCNiODiit'xOift'COTCiH 

OCOt't'itCOmHCTlMCOrf 

5241 

sh  ratec 

Brigs. 

t'i-Hco-^ooo<Mvor~05eocM 

NCOCCNlMHIMHHrtrtCT 

rH 

CD  bd 

<*  5 

Ships. 

(MoaiTtocoiocoot'-i-ico 

COrf(MMCli-iHH(M(n^(M 

CO 

05  33 

CM  .2 

SteamShips 

iii-ifflCMMCOCOHlMO^CO 

O  0 

co  _ 

CO 

1847 

ti'S  >.  2  ►»  fcibtL.*s  >  © 

S  <u  Pi  =3  3  3  p  <37  o  o  a> 

1  Total 

i  as  Ship 

Total. 

HCOt'MI^DCOOOCOOOOOD 

t't'OOCODCOMriiHmifJCO 

l-H  l-H  l-H  l— 1  l— 1  i— 1  l-H  hH  l-H  t-H  f— 1  i— * 

CM  -2 

05  £ 

2  « 

rH  ^ 

Steamboats 

VO  l-H  t-'CO  ©rt<05i-iTt<C0©C0 
CO'Q'OCOt'COCOCOCOCOCOCO 

§  s 

Sloops. 

CM  CM  CM  i-<  CM 

05  - 

*d 

C3 

Schooners. 

lOCOrtiOCOM'^O'Ot'O 

OCDt'*-'3lt-''tfcM<MCMCM00-*r 

1  535' 

Ships  i 

Brigs. 

^D«rt<a)Tt<oo>ocoom 

CKNffKNrtlMHlHH^mOl 

tn 

r*  o 

^  *§ 

H 

Ships. 

r-r'Tta>aia)Djt^oc5i-ocD 

CMCMCOiMCMCMCMi-Hi-Ii-hOOCO 

1  310 

n  these 

SteamShips 

rH  CO  CO  rH  rH  d 

2  1 
w 

CD 

00 

1-H 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

April 

May 

June 

July 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Total 

Non 

72 

CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 

•  *\ 

k  § 

Steamboats 

rH 

l-H 

rH 

Cl 

l-H 

rH 

§ 
sn  s 

Sloops. 

oo 

CO 

r-H 

r-H 

rH 

Tp 

rH 

rH 

Cl  xO  00 

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r-H 

CO 

C—  03 

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© 

CO 

oo 

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© 

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TP 

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e 

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r-H 

CM 

CM 

CM 

rH 

Cl 

rH 

rH 

rH 

rH 

CM  rH 

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Cl 

Cl 

o.  _ 

Brigs. 

oo 

00 

03 

CM 

CO 

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Cl 

Cl 

xO 

© 

CO 

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Cl  IT 

©  xo  © 

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00 

00 

Tp 

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00 

© 

iO  ©  iO 

CO 

Cl 

CO 

Tp  XO 

TP  Cl 

Cl 

CO  xo 

ft)  53 

PH 

rC3  ^ 

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00 

r-H 

l-H 

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rH 

IT 

r-H 

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© 

rH 

Cl 

© 

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Tp  CO 

00 

Cl 

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fy 

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t-  iO 

©  00 

© 

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© 

co 

o 

CO  *•>  CO 

CM 

rH 

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00  ^ 

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CO 

03 

© 

© 

CO 

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rH 

00 

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co 

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CO 

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TP  It 

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CO 

CO 

a 

1-1 

rH 

rH 

rH 

rH 

Cl 

CM 

o  O  xC3  i©  o  ©  It 

LT  Lt  It 

~  -3 

Sloops. 

Tf<  00 

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CM 

I' 

co 

tP 

CM 

© 

tr 

© 

©  It  C3 

© 

Cl  CO 

tr 

CO 

© 

^  s 

H  1 

O 

CM 

Hp  io  oo 

IT 

Tp 

CO 

CM 

Cl 

Cl 

CO 

CO 

Cl 

rH 

rH 

Cl  1-1 

rH 

^  *•>» 

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r-H 

r— < 

r-H 

rH 

Eh 

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CM 

O  00  03 

t-  00 

© 

CO 

r— 1 

CO 

Cl 

© 

Cl 

© 

rH 

Cl  © 

rH 

00 

Cl 

K  V 

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CO 

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tr 

TP 

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xO 

© 

co 

©  xo 

TP 

rH 

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^  'S 

o 

CO 

CO  iO  o  >o  >o  io  >o 

tr  CO 

IT  CD 

xO  xO  xO  xO  xO  xO  xO 

tP 

Brigs. 

^  a 

w 

rj<  03 

rH 

i- 

CM 

r- 

TP 

r-H 

© 

© 

00 

CO 

tr 

l-H 

© 

©  CM 

CO 

© 

rH 

X>  *  rO 

H 

nt  CM 

00 

i" 

r-H 

CM 

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tP 

It 

© 

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Cl 

©  »o  oo 

XO 

TP  XO 

TP 

rH 

Cl 

CO  ^ 

tN 

ft 

«.  -  ■ 

r— 1 

CM 

rH 

rH 

CM 

CM 

CM 

CM 

(M 

CO 

CO 

CO 

Cl 

Cl 

Cl 

Cl 

Cl  Cl 

Cl 

Cl 

Cl 

•  rJ 

p 

Ships. 

tP 

CO 

Tp  CM 

% 

© 

tP 

»-H 

CO 

© 

© 

Tp 

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tr  CO 

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rH 

© 

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Cl 

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Cl 

Cl 

Cl  Cl 

91 

Cl 

Cl 

v  VIJ 

^  $T 

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SteamShips 

CO 
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Cl  CO 
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o 

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© 

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co 

© 

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© 

CM 

rH 

Cl  IT 

© 

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© 

£*#  ^ 

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l-H 

rH 

rH 

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rT  00 

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It 

TP 

© 

CO 

© 

xO 

© 

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© 

© 

Cl  00  ©  CO  © 

d  oo 

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CM 

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TP 

CO 

CM 

CO 

Cl 

CO 

CO 

Cl 

rH 

H 

Cl  1-t 

rH 

• 

r-H 

r-H 

rH 

r-H 

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tT 

CO 

r-H 

CO 

© 

00 

iQ 

CM 

CO 

© 

CO 

© 

tP 

tP  CO 

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CO  xo 

CO 

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rP  CO 

TP 

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CM 

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CO 

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Cl  Cl 

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03  )T3 

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CO 

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CO 

CO 

00 

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00 

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rH 

rH 

rH 

rH 

* 

NAVIGATION  AND  TONNAGE 


73 


s 

o 

Pi 

Pi 

ft 

w 

g 

Ph 

pci 

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Pi 

w 

W 

Eh 


m 

Eh 

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Ph 


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Ph 

Cfl 

ri 

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£ 

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w 

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All  other  Foreign  Ports.! 

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4 

1 

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Brigs. 

»-H*ocoTtir'"Pocoir'*cor— cocoHt,coiooii'-vfiGot'*io 

rH 

Ships. 

♦ 

CtOOCOCO’^COOOrHOSCOCOHilOQOOOOOlO'O 

rH  rH 

West  Indies. 

Steamboats  j  1-1  rtCO'  'm* 

Sloops. 

|  CO  1—1  00  1-HlOi-Hr— l-rfr— 1  Ct  iH  H  O  ^  00  CO 

Schooners. 

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<Miocoior~coco*c3-Tj<iOTt<'<tfoooor'-r~i-Haii'~CT>r~ 

»— H 

Brigs. 

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TfCOKMOt'COOOCOCOCOOOOOt'COC't'iOHtmCDiO 

Ships. 

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l—t  r-H  I— 1  CM  i— 1  r-H  H  H  (M  H  Ol  l— Ci— ( 

SteamShips 

i—i  iO 

(The  South  of  Europe.] 

Schooners. 

\  ’  . 

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Brigs. 

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H  (M  ct  r-H  Cl  r-H  r-H  ^  CO  CO  00  ^  CO 

The  North  of  Europe.) 

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Brigs. 

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rH  r-H  »-H  t-H  t-H  rH  rH  r-H 

France. 

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/ 

Brigs. 

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rH  rH 

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r-H  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH 

Great  Britain. 

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Brigs. 

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HIM(MCOm(MHHH  1—1 

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ot»o>oio^coiii-iio»Qt'»oco-i,iooot't'»ooo>o 

OOOJOr-KMCOinOCOt'OOOOiHOlCOrl'iOCOt'OO 

OOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO  COCO 

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i— It— IrHr— (rHr-Hi— li-Hi-Hl-Hl-Hl— ll-Hi— IrHi— f  r-H  rH  r-H  r- 1  H 

10 

*  This  year  contains  only  9  months,  the  months  of  January,  February  and  March  are  wanting. 

t  Under  this  head  are  included  the  Arrivals  of  the  daily  line  of  Steamboats  between  Wilmington  and  Charleston,  and  between  Savannah  and  Charleston. 


74 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON, 


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National  Flags  of  all  Foreign  Vessels,  ( Government  Vessels  excepted ,)  arriving  at  the  Port  of  Charleston,  S.  C.,  in  21  years;  from,  the 

1st  January  to  31st  December  in  each  year.  Compiled  from  the  Harbour  Master's  Records. 


76 


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National  Flags — continued . 


NAVIGATION  AND  TONNAGE 


77 


Steamboats 


Sloops. 


Schooners. 


Brigs. 


Ships. 


Steam  Ships 


cq 


co  co 


H  lO  H  H  Tf  H 


CM  O  CO 


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I  I  I  I  I  II  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  I  -  I 


"d  o 
O  "C 

©  1 


Schooners. 


©  s 

-»->  cz 
c3  ^3 
3  02 

»  £ 


Schooners. 


N  C 
53  ci 

3" 


C  j  Sloop. 


II  I  I  I  II  I  II  II  I "  I  I  I  II  I  I 


Rus¬ 

sian. 

Brigs. 

i  i  l  i  I  i 

I  i  i  I 

I  I  l 

II  l  l  I  — • 

i  « 

Schooners. 

■  i  ii  i  1  i 

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1  1  1 

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o 

O  £ 
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1  1  1  1  1  1 

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1  1  1 

1  1  1  1  1  1 

i  • 

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ci  o 

■— i 

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Brigs. 

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1 

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3  « 
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Brigs. 

i  i  1 1 1  1 1  i  ra  i  i  1 1 1 1 1  1 1 1 

Brigs. 


cq 


Olden¬ 

burg. 

Schooners. 

i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  1—1  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  ^ 

Brigs. 

■  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  1—1  i  i  t  ^  1—1  i  ii  i  ,  1  1—1 

Lubec. 

Brigs. 

l  l  l  l  l  l  I"  l  l  l  l  l  l -  .1  l  I  l  l  l 

Mexi¬ 
can.  1 

Brigs. 

1 1 1  n  1  in  1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1  ii 

Hanover. 

Schooners. 

i  i  i  ■  i  i  i  ■  ■  •  i  i  i  i  i  ■  i  i  i  i  1—1 

Brigs. 

,  i  i  ■  ■  i  i  i  t  1—1  i  1—1  ■  i  i  i  i  ■  i  i  i 

Ships. 

,  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  i  ■  1—1  i 

Sardi¬ 

nia. 

Ships. 

ii 1 1 1 ii ii  i  ii  ii  ii-  1 1 1 1 

1  Norway. 

|  Brigs. 

,  . . ~  . . . 

j  Ships. 

|  |  |  |  1  1  1  I  1  1  I  1  1  1  1  1  1  CO  |  1 

ooai©'-icqco-^*ocor'*ooai©>-icqcoTt<irocor-oo 

(MCT«mcocomcocococoM^^Tf^-)(^^^^ 

0O0O  00  00  0O0OO0QO00  00QO00  0OOOC30O0OO0O0O000O 


*This  year  only  contains  nine  months,  the  months  of  January,  February  and  March  are  wanting. 


78 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON 


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The  years  1821-2  to  1832-3  have  been  taken  from  “  Pitkin’s  Statistics  of  the  United  States,  and  from  that  period  from  Official  Documents. 


NAVIGATION  AND  TONNAGE 


79 


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80 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON, 


Number  and  Class  of  Vessels  engaged  in  Regular 
Lines  as  packet  and  passenger  Lines,  and  as  freight 
Lines  between  Charleston  and  the  following  Ports : 


Totals. 

Havana  and  )  | 

West  Indies  \ 

Boston, 

New-York, 

Philadelphia, 

Providence, 

Baltimore, 

Wilmington, 

Savannah, 

New-Orleans. 

Ox 

to  to 

•sdiqg  mt?9]g 

CLASS  OF  VESSELS. 

1  H-* 

1  t— ‘ 

•sdiqg 

co  co  m  taw 

•sanbjiig 

to 

4^  to  MtSOOWOO 

•sSug 

►— l 

•qO}9X 

to 

OS  to  OS  CO  Or  4>- 

•saauooqog 

00  4^  4^ 

•sgioqureajg 

84 

t—>  to  I-* 

-4l4^4^OSt0co00OS4^ 

*1*101 

4^ 

1— * 

1—* 

00 

Ox 

4* 

to 

4^ 

1,115 

1,798 

1,200 

1 

•sdiqg  ui,G9]g 

TONNAGE. 

Ox 

4^ 

to 

4^ 

•sdiqg 

to 

4^ 

i— * 

OS  I-*  -3  41 

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4|  os  co  i — 1 

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4- 

00 

to 

co 

to  H- 

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H- * 

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CO 

41 

CO 

to 

442 

950 

1,450 

600 

350 

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2,608 

i—*  i—i 

©  Ox 
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O  00 

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23,358 

M 

J-1  k-1  ^  •  JO 

os  ©  ox  os  co  "co  ©  'co  'go 

fc04rC0O4^0xt04(t0 
*30050050  *3  H(0 

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There  are  engaged  in  the  Pilotage  of  Charleston 
Bar — 

18  Full  Branch  Pilots 
8  Second  64  44 

Employing  nine  Pilot  Boats,  with  an  aggregate  ton¬ 
nage  of  about  400  tons. 


NAVIGATION  AND  TONNAGE. 


81 


TONNAGE  OF  SOUTH-CAROLINA. 


Registered 

Enrolled  and 

Tonnage 
employed 
in  the  Fo¬ 
reign  trade 

Licensed  Ton¬ 
nage  employed 
in  the  Coasting 
trade. 

Total  Ton¬ 
nage. 

1789 

5,385 

2,081 

7,466 

^  There  being  no  record  of  the  District 

1790 

15,816 

■  3,417 

19,233 

1  Tonnage  during  these  four  years,  the  Ton- 
K.  nage  has  been  calculated  on  tho  amount  of 

1791 

23,856 

4,875 

28,731 

|  Duties  collected  during  thosejyears  on  Ton- 

1792 

21,338 

4,566 

25,904 

1  nage. 

J  Note  op.Seybert’s. 

1793 

12,998 

2,059 

15,057 

1794 

21,369 

4,550 

25,919 

• 

1795 

25,484 

4,465 

29,949 

1796 

29,994 

6,992 

36,986 

1797 

31,361 

7,762 

39,123 

1798 

33,753 

8,123 

41,876 

1799 

38,567 

7,957 

46,524 

1800 

43,732 

7,480 

51,212 

1801 

51,192 

8,688 

59,880 

40,007 

1802 

31,354 

8,653 

1803 

30,993 

9,101 

40,094 

1804 

41,869 

8,814 

50,683 

1805 

35,108 

9,143 

44,251 

1806 

40,159 

8,987 

49,146 

1807 

45,223 

7,788 

53.011 

„ 

1808 

41,628 

8,889 

50,517 

1809 

42,676 

8,144 

50,820 

1810 

43,355 

9,573 

52,928 

1811 

19,390 

11,095 

30,485 

1812 

14,960 

15,511 

30,471 

)  War. 

1813 

17,476 

12,596 

30,072 

V  a 

1814 

21,597 

11,474 

33,071 

\  u 

1815 

24,501 

12,668 

37,169 

1816 

1817 

1818 
1819 

23,881 

24,391 

14,585 

15,591 

13,733 

37,614 

1820 

1821 

1822 

1823 

1824 

1825 

1826 

1827 

1828 

1829 

1830 

1831 

15.177 
16,249 
12,843 
12,276 

12.177 
10,712 
12,067 
12,695 
12,871 

7,842 

7,044 

5,803 

1832 

5,837 

9,723 

15,560 

1833 

6,038 

8,021 

14,059 

1834 

6,200 

9,781 

15,981 

1835 

9,260 

8,221 

17,481 

1836 

8,413 

15,224 

23,637 

1837 

11,849 

17,835 

11 

29,684 

82 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Tonnage  of  South-Carolina — continued . 


Registered. 

Enrolled  and  Li¬ 

censed. 

Total. 

1st  Oct.  1838  to  30th  Sept. 

1839 

17,295 

16,019 

33,314 

a 

1839  “ 

a 

1840 

17,444 

16,222 

33,666 

h 

1840  “ 

a 

1841 

12,954 

11,440 

24,394 

u 

i 

1841  “ 

a 

1842 

13,650 

9,819 

23,469 

u 

1842  “ 

30th  June 

1843 

11,162 

10,415 

21,577 

1st  July  1843  “ 

a  a 

1844 

10,013 

11,135 

21,148 

a 

1844  “ 

a 

1845 

8,394 

11,221 

19,615 

1845  “ 

u 

1846 

8,516 

11,420 

19,936 

a 

1846  “ 

a 

1847 

13,732 

13,287 

27,019 

a 

1847  “ 

a 

1848 

14,992 

13,667 

28,659 

The  tables  from  1789  to  1816,  inclusive,  have  been 


taken  from  a  Seybert’s  Statistical  Annals  of  the  United 
States.” 

From  1817  to  1831,  inclusive,  have  been  taken  from 
44  Hazard’s  United  States  Commercial  and  Statistical 
Register.” 

From  1832  to  1848,  are  from  Official  Documents. 


REGULATIONS  OF  THE  GOVERNMENT  RE¬ 
SPECTING  NAVIGATION  AND  TONNAGE. 

The  information  relative  to  this  subject  being  mostly 
confined  to  the  Commercial  community,  we  give  for 
general  information  the  following  sketch  of  those  regu¬ 
lations  without  entering  into  details  : 

The  Sea  Coast  of  the  United  States  is  divided  by  the 
Government  into  four  Great  Districts,  viz  : 

1st.  Extends  from  the  extreme  North-eastern  point 
of  Maine  to  the  Amelia  Islands  at  the  mouth  of  the  St. 
Mary’s  river  in  Georgia,  inclusive. 

2nd.  Extends  from  the  Amelia  Islands  to  Mobile 
Bay,  exclusive  of  the  City  of  Mobile. 


NAVIGATION  AND  TONNAGE. 


83 


3rd.  Extends  from  Mobile  Bay  to  the  Rio  Grande. 

4th.  Comprehends  the  entire  Pacific  coast  of  the 
United  States,  which  was  formed  into  a  District  at  the 
last  Session  of  Congress. 

All  vessels  to  be  under  the  protection  of  the  United 
States  flag  must  be  owned  by  citizens  of  the  United 
States,  and  be  commanded  by  a  citizen  thereof, 
and  must  be  entered  upon  the  records  of  the  Col¬ 
lector  of  the  Port  where  the  vessel  is  owned,  when 
they  are  entitled  to  such  papers  of  nationality  and  pro¬ 
tection  as  the  owners  desire.  These  papers  are  of 
three  classes,  viz  : 

Registered  Tonnage. — To  obtain  which  the  ves¬ 
sel  must  be  over  20  tons,  and  may  then  engage  in  the 
Foreign  trade  of  the  United  States.  Upon  arriving  at 
any  port  in  the  United  States,  from  a  Foreign  voyage, 
the  Captain  must  render  to  the  Collector  of  the  Port 
a  manifest  specifying  the  description  and  quantity  of 
merchandise  on  board ;  but  a  vessel  under  30  tons  can¬ 
not  bring  into  the  United  States  any  dutiable  merchan¬ 
dise. 

If  a  vessel  of  Registered  Tonnage  sails  from  one 
port  in  the  United  States  to  another  port  in  the  United 
States,  although  both  ports  may  lie  within  the  limits  of 
one  of  the  Great  Districts,  such  vessel  must  clear  at  the 
Custom  House  of  the  one  port,  and  render  to  the  Col¬ 
lector  of  the  other  a  manifest  specifying  the  descrip¬ 
tion  and  quantity  of  the  cargo  on  board. 

If  a  vessel,  having  Registered  papers,  afterwards  de¬ 
sires  to  engage  in  the  Coasting  trade  of  the  United 
States,  the  Registered  papers  must  be  given  up,  and  an 
Enrollment  or  License  taken  out. 

The  Registered  papers  of  a  vessel  are  of  force  so 
long  as  the  owners  remain  the  same,  and  no  extensive 
change  is  made  to  the  hull,  or  in  the  style  of  the  rig- 


84 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


ging ;  but  upon  changes  in  either  of  these  respects  new 
papers  must  be  taken  out. 

Enrolled  Tonnage. — To  obtain  which  the  vessel 
must  be  over  20  tons,  and  may  then  engage  in  the 
Coasting  trade  of  the  United  States,  and  in  the  Fishe¬ 
ries  ;  but  cannot,  under  these  papers,  engage  in  the 
Foreign  trade  of  the  United  States. 

This  class  may  trade  between  any  of  the  ports  lying 
within  the  limits  of  one  of  the  Great  Districts  without 
clearing  or  entering  at  the  Custom  House  of  either 
port,  or  rendering  any  account  of  the  cargo,  except  in 
certain  cases  hereafter  specified ;  but  if  sailing  from  a 
port  within  one  of  the  Great  Districts  to  a  port  within 
any  of  the  other  Great  Districts,  the  vessel  must  clear 
at  the  one  port,  and  render  to  the  Collector  of  the  other 
a  manifest  specifying  the  description  and  quantity  of 
the  cargo  on  board. 

To  engage  in  the  Foreign  trade  of  the  United  States, 
the  papers  of  Enrollment  must  be  given  up,  and  a  Re¬ 
gister  taken  out. 

Papers  of  Enrollment  are  of  force  until  a  change  of 
owner,  or  extensive  change  in  the  hull  or  style  of  rig¬ 
ging,  as  in  the  case  of  Register’s  Tonnage. 

Licensed  Tonnage. — To  obtain  which  the  vessel 
must  be  not  less  than  five,  nor  more  than  twenty  tons, 
and  may  only  engage  in  the  Coasting  trade  of  the 
United  States,  under  similar  regulations  as  to  clearing 
and  entering  at  the  Custom  House,  as  are  of  force  for 
Enrolled  Tonnage. 

Licensed  papers  must  be  renewed  annually. 

All  vessels  of  Enrolled  and  Licensed  Tonnage  en¬ 
gaged  in  the  Coasting  trade  of  the  United  States,  may 
carry  on  such  trade  within  the  limits  of  any  one  of  the 
four  Great  Districts  without  clearing  or  entering,  or  ren¬ 
dering  any  account  of  the  cargo,  provided  there  is  not 
on  board  of  such  vessel, 


DRY  DOCK. 


85 


Distilled  Spirits,  in  casks,  exceeding  500  gal. 


250  do 
100  doz. 
3,000  lbs. 

500  do 
1,000  do 


Wine  do  do 

Wine  in  bottles  do 

Sugar,  in  casks  or  boxes,  do 

Tea,  in  chests  or  boxes,  do 

Coffee,  in  casks  or  bags,  do 
Foreign  merchandise,  in  their  original  packages,  ex¬ 
ceeding  in  value  $400,  or  goods,  wares  and  merchan¬ 
dise,  being  articles  of  Foreign  growth  or  manufacture, 
whose  aggregate  value  exceeds  $800. 

Vessels  under 40  tons  cannot  carry  Slaves  Coastwise. 


DRY  DOCK. 

The  44  Floating  Dry  Dock,”  in  Charleston,  has  been 
pronounced  by  competent  judges,  one  of  whom  has  been 
engaged  in  the  construction  of  similar  Docks  in  New 
York,  to  be  one  of  the  best  Docks  of  its  kind  in  the  United 
States.  It  is  the  44  Balance  Dock”  of  J.  S.  Gilbert’s 
Patent;  the  plan  adopted  by  Congress  for  the  construc¬ 
tion  of  floating  docks  for  Government  use. 

We  have  been  kindly  furnished  with  the  following 
particulars,  at  our  request,  by  Mr.  James  Marsh,  the 
proprietor. 

The  enterprise  of  the  undertaking  originated  with 
himself,  and  was  constructed  with  his  own  private 
means ;  it  was  built  in  Charleston  by  his  own  mechan¬ 
ics,  under  his  own  supervision,  and  was  launched  and 
went  into  operation  in  February,  1845. 

The  Dock  is  160  feet  in  length,  52  feet  in  width,  and 
20  feet  in  depth;  it  can  accommodate  a  vessel  of  1,500 


86 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


tons  or  over,  provided  the  length  of  the  vessel  does  not 
exceed  164  feet;  it  has  docked  a  vessel  of  1,000  tons 
burden  and  164  feet  long. 

In  docking,  if  desirable,  it  is  not  necessary  for  the 
vessel  to  unlade  her  cargo ;  the  Dock  has  taken  up  at 
different  periods  the  Steam  Revenue  Cutter  Legare, 
and  two  other  Revenue  Cutters,  with  all  their  arma¬ 
ment,  &c.,  just  as  they  arrived  from  sea,  as  well  as  se¬ 
veral  vessels  with  their  cargoes  on  board,  just  from  sea. 

The  operations  of  the  Dock  are  performed  by  a 
steam  engine  of  five  horse  power ,  the  time  requisite 
for  taking  a  vessel  up  is  from  two  to  three  hours,  de¬ 
pending  upon  the  size  of  the  vessel ;  and  the  time  for 
floating  out  is  from  twenty  to  thirty  minutes. 

The  preferable  time  for  taking  up  a  vessel  is  at  high 
water,  but  if  requisite,  it  can  be  done  at  low  water  by 
removing  the  Dock  into  the  stream. 

The  following  are  the  rates  of  Charges  for  vessels  : 

Forty  cents  per  ton  for  taking  up,  with  ten  cents  per 
ton  per  day  during  the  time  the  vessel  is  in  the  dock ; 
if  the  vessel  has  her  cargo  on  board  there  is  an  addi¬ 
tional  charge  of  forty  cents  per  ton  on  the  cargo. 

The  best  evidence  we  can  give  of  the  value  of  this 
enterprise  and  its  beneficial  results  for  the  shipping  at 
this  port,  is  in  the  following  list  furnished  us  of  the  num¬ 
ber  and  class  of  vessels  which  have  been  taken  up  in 
this  Dock  since  it  went  into  operation,  now  about  four 
years  since,  many  of  which  must  necessarily  have  gone 
elsewhere  to  be  repaired,  with  all  the  consequent  loss 
of  time  and  risk  of  sailing  in  an  unseaworthy  condition, 
but  for  the  establishment  of  this  Dock  at  Charleston. 


Ships  and  Barques,  *  -  39 

Brigs,  -  -  42 

Steam  Revenue  Cutter,  -  1 

Other  Revenue  Cutters,  -  2 


DRY  DOCK. 


87 


Schooners, 

-  32 

Sloops, 

-  5 

Steam  Boats, 

-  45 

Total. 

166  vessels, 

And  we  add  with  pleasure,  as  an  evidence  of  the 
workman-like  manner  with  which  its  operations  have 
been  conducted,  that  no  accident  has  ever  occurred  to 
any  vessel  either  in  taking  up  or  floating  out,  nor  during 
the  time  they  were  repairing  in  the  Dock,  although 
several  vessels  have  been  in  the  Dock  during  severe 
gales. 


List  of  Vessels  wrecked  and  totally  lost  on  the  Coast  of  South-Car  olina. 


88 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON, 


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List  of  Vessels  wrecked — continued . 


VESSELS  WRECKED 


89 


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90 


CENSUS  OP  CHARLESTON. 


EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND  RICE,  &c. 


Detailed  Tables  of  Exports  of  Cotton  and  Rice 
from  the  Port  of  Charleston,  S.  C.,  for  27  years;  and 
of  Lumber  for  9  years. 


1821-2 

From  1st. October  1821  to  30th  September  1822. 

BALES 

COTTON. 

1 

RICE. 

Sea  Island. 

Upland. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

Great  Britain, 

24,636 

74,707 

99,343 

14,745 

France, 

868 

14,050 

14,918 

385 

Hamburg1, 

- 

- 

506 

506 

3,275 

All  other  European 

Continental  Ports, 

6 

2,543 

2,549 

6,654 

New- York, 

• 

- 

7,132 

7,132 

11,030 

All  other  U.  S.  Ports 

withtheWest  Indies. 

- 

- 

5,602 

5,602 

42,072 

Total. 

25,510 

104,540 

1  130,050 

78,161 

1822-3 

From  1st  October  1822  to  30th  September  1823. 

BALES  COTTON. 

1 

i 

RICE. 

Sea  Island. 

Upland. 

Total. 

Total  Tierces. 

Great  Britain, 

25,391 

90,162 

115,553 

15,981 

France, 

1,356 

14,738 

16,094 

3,714 

Hamburg, 

- 

264 

264 

4,525 

All  other  European 

Continental  Ports, 

• 

- 

6,463 

6,463 

15,191 

New- York, 

- 

- 

19,079 

19,079 

12,384 

All  other  U.  S.  Ports 

with  the  West  Indies. 

- 

- 

5,460 

5,460 

28,603 

Total. 

26,747 

136,166 

162,913 

80,398 

1823-4 

From  1st  October  1823  to  30th  September  1824. 

BALES  COTTON. 

1 

RICE. 

Roush  Rice. 

Total 

S.Island 

Upland. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

Bushels. 

Tierces. 

Great  Britain, 

21,713 

80,297 

102,010 

21,677 

*106,407 

26,744 

France, 

2,919 

24,454 

27,373 

3,434 

3,434 

Hamburg, 

3 

3 

625 

- 

625 

All  other  European 

Continental  Ports, 

• 

469 

469 

9,187 

• 

9,187 

New-Y  ork, 

_  _ 

18,495 

18,495 

17,273 

— 

17,273 

All  other  U.  S.  Ports 

with  West  Indies. 

-  - 

6,168 

6,168 

44,907i 

-  - 

44,907 

i  Total. 

24,632 

129,886 

154,518 

97,103 

106,407 

102,170 

*The  first  Cargo  of  Rough  Rice  exported  from  Charleston  was  in  this  year,  and  was  shipped 
by  the  late  Jonathan  Lucas,  Esq.,  in  the  Ship  Cfncinnatus,  Capt.  W.  S.  Sebor,  bound  for  London. 
The  invoice  is  dated  31st  Oct.,  1823,  and  the  cargo  Consisted  of  13,292  bushels.  For  this  infor¬ 
mation  we  are  indebted  to  the  politeness  of  Mr,  Peter  J,  Barbot, 


EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND  RICE,  &c. 


91 


Detailed  Tables — continued . 


1824-5 

From  1st  October  1834  to  30th  September  1825. 

BALES  COTTON.  ||  IlICE. 

Sea  Island. 

Upland. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

Rough  Rice. 
Bushels. 

Total 

Tierces. 

Great  Britain, 

France, 

Hamburg, 

All  other  European 
Continental  Ports. 
New-York, 

All  other  U.  S.  Ports 
with  West  Indies. 

18,036 

217 

105,587 

8,545 

321 

2,896 

18,782 

4,943 

123,623 

8,762 

321 

2,896 

18,782 

4,943 

12,883 

3,353 

2,972 

19,606 

19,653 

30,936 

66,853 

16,067 

3,353 

2,972 

19,606 

19,653 

30,936 

Total. 

18,253 

141,074 

159,327 

89,403 

66,853 

92,587 

1825-6 

From  1st  October  1825  to  30th  September  1826. 

BALES  COTTON.  ||  1UCE. 

Sea  Island. 

Upland. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

Rough  Rice. 
Bushels. 

Total 

Tierces. 

Great  Britain, 

France, 

Hamburg, 

All  other  European 
Continental  Ports. 
New-York, 

All  other  U.  S.  Ports 
with  West  Indies. 

11,142 

1,492 

13 

91,148 

38,368 

12,290 

13,424 

9,313 

102,290 

39,860 

12,303 

13,424 

9,313 

7,463 

5,669 

26,143 

12,528 

37,259 

128,750 

13,594 

5,669 

26,143 

12,528 

37,259 

Total. 

12,647 

164,543 

177,190 

39,062 

128,750 

95,193 

1826-7 

From  1st  October  1826  to  30tli  September  1827. 

BALES  COTTON.  |  1  RICE. 

Sea  Island. 

Upland. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

iRough  Rice 
Bushels. 

Total 

Tierces. 

Great  Britain, 

France, 

Hamburg, 

All  other  European 
Continental  Ports. 
New-York, 

All  other  U.  S.  Ports 
with  West  Indies. 

28,615 

3,209 

4 

113,439 

29,313 

10,133 

33,235 

13,055 

142,054 

32,522 

10,137 

33,235 

13,055 

10,65r 

7,92£ 

34, 40: 
11,26( 

36,19c 

1  170,00" 

3  -  - 

1  -  - 

1  -  - 

1  18,753  , 

7,928 

34,403 

11,266 

36,193 

Total. 

31,828 

199,175 

231,003 

100,44" 

il  170,001 

108,543 

92 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON, 


Detailed  Tables— continued* 


1827-8 


From  1st  October  1827  to  30th  September  1828. 


BALES  COTTON.  |  |  RICE. 


S. Island 

Uplands. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

Rough  Rice. 
Bushels. 

Total 

Tierces. 

Great  Britain, 

18,876 

77,269 

96,145 

8,535 

198,617 

17,993 

France, 

Hamburg, 

All  other  European 

3,874 

19,055 

22,929 

10,851 

- 

10,851 

- 

~  "* 

- 

- 

- 

-  -  \ 

Continental  Ports, 

- 

3,194 

3,194 

35,053 

—  <• 

35,053 

New-York, 

All  other  U.  S.  Ports 

- 

13,192 

13,192 

15,013 

- 

15,013 

with  West  Indies. 

-  - 

12,177 

12,177 

42,179 

-  - 

42,179 

|  Total. 

22,750 

124,887 

147,637 

111,631 

198,617 

121,089 

For  the  Tables  of  the  foregoing  seven  years,  from  1821-2  to  1827-8,  with  the  exception  of  the 
Rough  Rice  Exports,  we  are  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  Mr.  George  Hervey  for  the  use  of  a  MS 
in  which  he  made  up  the  Exports  regularly,  from  time  to  time,  for  a  series  of  years,  for  his  own 
private  use  and  information. 

The  per  centum  on  these  seven  years  has  not  been 
calculated,  as  the  Coastwise  Exports  could  not  be  dis¬ 
tinguished  from  the  Foreign,  under  the  head  of  “  All 
other  United  States  Ports  and  the  West  Indies al¬ 
though  it  will  perceived  that  in  the  recapitulation  table, 
page  10 1,  it  has  been  assumed  that  the  Cotton  under 
that  head  went  Coastwise,  and  the  Rice  Foreign. 


1828-9 


From  1st  October  1828  to  30th  September  1829. 


BALES  COTTON.  ! 

l 

RICE. 

1 

PER  CENTUM. 

S.lsland 

Uplands. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

R.  Rice. 

Bushels. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

Prop’n 
in  100 
bales 
Cotton 

Prop’n 
in  100 
Tierc’s 
Rice. 

Great  Britain, 

19,709 

119,054 

138,763 

5,410 

248,724 

17,254 

64.83 

12.88 

France, 

North  of  Eu- 

3,330 

30,517 

33,847 

9,955 

• 

9,955 

15.82 

7.43 

rope, 

South  of  Eu- 

8 

10,849 

10,857 

40,270 

40,270 

5.07 

30.07 

rope, 

West  Indies, 

- 

1,111 

1,111 

1,395 

- 

1,395 

.52 

1.04 

- 

- 

23,590 

- 

23,590 

-  - 

17.62 

Coastwise, 
City  Con- 

- 

29,450 

29,450 

31,567 

- 

31,567 

13.76 

23.57 

sumption, 

- 

- 

-  - 

9,900 

- 

9,900 

-  - 

7.39 

'Total. 

23,047 

190,981 

214,028 

122,087 

248,724 

133,931 

100. 

100. 

EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND  RICE,  &c. 


93 


Detailed  Tables — continued . 


1829-30 

From  1st  October  1829  to  30th  September  1830. 

BALES  COTTON.  | 

RICE. 

1 

|  PER  CENTUM. 

1 

Prop’n 

Prop’n 

S  Island 

Uplands. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

E.  Rice. 

Total. 

in  100 

in  100 

bales 

Tierc’s 

Bushels. 

Tierces. 

Cotton 

Rice. 

[Great  Britain, 

14,286 

120,534 

134,820 

8,069 

171,834 

16,252 

64.37 

12.95 

[France, 

2,158 

33,961 

36,119 

8,816 

- 

8,816 

17.25 

7.03 

N.  of  Europe, 

92 

10,433 

10,525 

37,589 

- 

37,589 

5.03 

29.96 

S.  of  Europe, 

- 

708 

708 

1,513 

- 

1,513 

.34 

1.20 

West  Indies, 

- 

• 

- 

22,275 

- 

22,275 

-  - 

17.75 

jCoastwise,  1 

‘N.ofCharl’ton  > 

1,172 

26,084 

27,256 

26,298 

- 

26,298 

13.01 

20.96 

[s.  ofCharl’ton  ) 

- 

- 

- 

2,760 

- 

2,760 

-  - 

2.20 

City  Con- 

sumption. 

- 

- 

- 

9,970 

- 

9,970 

-  - 

7.95 

Total. 

17,708 

191,720 

209,428 

171,290 

117,834 

125,473 

100. 

100. 

1830-1 

From  1st  October  1830  to  30th  September  1831. 

BALES  COTTON.  | 

1 

RICE. 

1 

1  PER  CENTUM. 

Pro. in 

Prop’n 

S.Island 

Uplands. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

R.  Rice. 

Total. 

100  bis 

in  100 

• 

Exp’d. 

Tierc’s 

Bushels. 

Tierces. 

Cotton 

Rice. 

Great  Britain, 

17,796 

133,476 

151,272 

14,024 

196,881 

23,399 

73.68 

21.12 

France, 

801 

10,587 

11,388 

7,785 

7,785 

5.55 

7.03 

NF.  of  Europe, 

- 

2,362 

2,362 

15,694 

- 

15,694 

1.15 

14.17 

S.  of  Europe,- 

- 

1,702 

1,702 

- 

- 

- 

.83 

-  - 

West  Indies, 

- 

- 

- 

24,673 

- 

24,673 

-  - 

22.27 

Coastwise,  } 

N.ofCharl’ton  > 

1,666 

36,817 

38,483 

26,311 

- 

26,311 

18.75 

23.75 

S.  ofCharl’ton  j 

54 

37 

91 

3,895 

- 

3,895 

.04 

3.52 

City  Con- 

sumption, 

- 

- 

- 

9,014 

- 

9,014 

-  - 

8.14 

Burnt, 

- 

1,436 

1,436 

Total. 

20,317 

186,417 

206,734 

101,396 

196,881 

110,771 

100. 

100. 

183 

1-2 

From  1st  October  1831  to  30th  September  1832. 

BALES  COTTON.  1 

l 

RICE. 

|  PER  CENTUM. 

Prop’n 

Prop’ll 

S  Island 

Uplands. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

R.  Rice. 

Total. 

in  100 

in  100 

bales 

Tierc’s 

Bushels,  j  Tierces. 

Cotton 

Rice. 

Great  Britain, 

14,094 

124,589 

138,683 

11,701 

240,792 

23,167 

63.25 

18.24 

France, 

2,847 

33,054 

35,901 

9,293 

- 

9,293 

16.37 

7.31 

N.  of  Europe, 

_ 

6,559 

6,559 

19,300 

27,372 

20,603 

2.99 

16.22 

S.  of  Europe, 

- 

1,485 

1,485 

117 

- 

117 

.68 

.09 

W est  Indies, 

•  • 

.  • 

_  - 

26,607 

-  . 

26,607 

-  - 

20.94 

Coastwise,  i 

N.ofCharl’ton  > 

1,302 

35,346 

36,648 

33,825 

33,825 

16.71 

26.63 

S.  of  Charl’ton  j 

- 

- 

- 

4,387 

- 

4,387 

-  - 

3.45 

City  Con- 

sumption. 

- 

- 

- 

9,042 

- 

9,042 

-  - 

7.12 

Total. 

18,243 

201,033 

219,276 

114,272 

268,164 

127,041 

100. 

100. 

94 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON 


Detailed  Tables — continued . 


1832-3 

From  1st  October  1832  to  30th  September  1833. 

BALES  COTTON.  I 

RICE. 

1 

!  PER  CENTUM. 

1 

1 

Prop’n 

Prop’n 

) 

S  Island 

Uplands. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

R.  Rice. 

Total. 

in  100 

in  100 

l 

bales 

Tierc’s 

Bushels. 

Tierces. 

Cotton 

Rice. 

Great  Britain, 

18,085? 

99,419 

117,501 

14,986 

218,534 

25,393 

'59.05 

17.54 

Trance, 

3,703 

34,090 

37,795 

11,859 

- 

11,859 

18.99 

8.19 

lV.  of  Europe, 

- 

9,447 

9,447 

23,237 

96,668 

27,840 

4.75 

19.22 

S.  of  Europe, 

- 

210 

210 

- 

- 

“  r 

.11 

-  - 

West  Indies, 

- 

- 

- 

25,358 

- 

25,358 

-  - 

17.51 

Coastwise, 

1,102 

32,925 

34,027 

47,254 

- 

47,254 

17.10 

32.63 

City  Con- 

sumption. 

- 

- 

- 

7,104 

- 

7,104 

-  - 

4.91 

Total. 

22,889 

176,091 

198,980 

129,798 

315,202 

144,806 

100. 

100. 

1833-4 

■ 

From  1st  October  1833  to  30th  September  1834. 

BALES  COTTON.  | 

1 

RICE. 

1  PER  CENTUM. 

Prop’n 

Prop’n 

S  Island 

Uplands. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

R.  Rice. 

Total. 

in  100 

in  100 

bales 

Tierc’s 

Bushels. 

Tierces. 

Cotton 

Rice. 

Great  Britain, 

12,181 

130,076 

142,257 

2,587 

305,497 

17,134 

55.23 

14.15 

France, 

4,968 

42,235 

47,203 

8,291 

- 

8,291 

18.33 

6.85 

N.  of  Europe, 

- 

23,111 

23,111 

33,515 

58,296 

36,291 

8.97 

29.96 

8.  of  Europe, 

- 

2,537 

2,537 

314 

- 

314 

.98 

.26 

West  Indies, 

- 

- 

- 

21,008 

- 

21,008 

-  - 

17.34 

Coastwise,  } 

N'.of  Charl’ton  / 

1,539 

40,924 

42,463 

25,041 

13,719 

25,694 

16.49 

21.21 

5.  of  Charl’ton  j 

- 

- 

6,058 

- 

6,053 

•  - 

5.00 

City  Conr 

- 

sumption. 

- 

- 

- 

6,340 

- 

6,340 

-  - 

5.23 

Total. 

18,688 

238,883 

257,571 

103,154 

377,512 

121,130 

100. 

100. 

1834-5 

From  1st  October  1834  to  30th  September  1835. 

BALES  COTTON.  | 

1 

RICE. 

|  PER  CENTUM. 

I  Prop’n 

Prop’11 

S  Island 

Uplands. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

R.  Rice. 

Total. 

in  100 

in  100 

bales 

Tierc’s 

Bushels. 

Tierces. 

Cotton 

Rice. 

Great  Britain, 

12,990 

95,635 

108,625 

292i 

270,877 

13,192 

53.22 

170.60 

France, 

2,190 

27,748 

29,938 

5,7574- 

- 

5,7574- 

14.67 

4.62 

N.  of  Europe, 

- 

15,068 

15,068 

28,197 

46,707 

30,421 

7.38 

24.44 

S.  of  Europe, 

- 

7,198 

7,198 

2,205 

- 

2,205 

3.52 

1.77 

West  Indies, 

- 

- 

- 

23,949 

10 

23,9494 

•  - 

19.24 

Coastwise,  1 

X  of  Charl’ton  > 

932 

42,358 

43,290 

33,095 

41,788 

35,085 

21.21 

128.19 

S.  of  Charl’ton  ) 

- 

- 

1  " 

7,665 

- 

7,665 

6.16 

City  Con- 

sumption. 

- 

- 

- 

6,200 

- 

6,200 

-  - 

4.98 

Total. 

16,1 12(188,007 

204,119 

107,361 

359,382 

124,475 

100. 

100. 

EXPORTS  OP  GOTTON  AND  RICE,  &6. 


95 


Detailed  Tables — continued. 


1835-6 


From  1st  October  1835  to  30th  September  1836. 


BALES  COTTON.  | 

1 

RICE. 

I  PER  CENTUM. 

Prop’n 

Prop’n 

S  Island 

Uplands. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

R.  Rice. 

Total. 

in  100 

in  100 

bales 

Tierc’s 

Bushels. 

Tierces. 

Cotton 

Rice. 

Great  Britain, 

11,096 

101,295 

112,391 

171 

257,372 

12,427 

46.08 

9.34 

Trance, 

4,035 

52,869 

56,904 

10,061 

- 

10,061 

23.33 

7.56 

N.  of  Europe, 

• 

21,083 

21,083 

27,068 

99,380 

31,800 

8.65 

23.89 

S.  of  Europe, 

- 

5,114 

5,114 

196 

- 

196 

» 

2.10 

.15 

West  Indies, 

- 

• 

- 

24,523 

- 

24,523 

-  - 

18.42 

Coastwise,  ^ 

i 

N  of  Cliarl’ton  > 

729 

47,669 

48,398 

36,303 

29,407 

37,703 

19.84 

28.33 

S.of  Charl’ton  3 

•  _ 

• 

- 

10,135 

900 

10,178 

-  - 

7.65 

City  Con- 

sumption. 

-  - 

- 

- 

6,200 

- 

6,200 

-  - 

4.66 

Total. 

15,860 

228,030 

243,890 

114,657 

387,059 

133,088 

100. 

100. 

Note — Exports  from  Georgetown, 

same  time 

Bales  Cotton.  Bbls.  Rice.  Rough  Rice,  bush. 

14,139 

about  250 

32,928 

1836-7 

From  1st  October  1836  to  30th  September 

1837. 

BALES  COTTON.  1 

1 

RICE. 

1 

1  PER  CENTUM. 

Prop’n 

Prop’n 

S  Island 

Uplands. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

R.  Rice. 

Total. 

in  100 

in  10C 

bales 

Tierc’s 

Bushels. 

Tierces. 

Cotton 

Rice. 

Great  Britain, 

10,067 

97,410 

107,477 

164 

336,384 

16,182 

53.83 

13.37 

Trance, 

2,085 

43,386 

45,471 

8,680 

- 

8,680 

22.78 

7.15 

NT.  of  Europe, 

-> 

12,022 

12,022 

15,934 

176,424 

24,335 

6.02 

20.11 

S.  of  Europe, 

- 

822 

822 

109 

- 

109 

.41 

.08 

West  Indies, 

• 

463 

463 

24,497 

- 

24,497 

.23 

20.24 

Coastwise, 

N  of  Charl’ton  s. 

269 

33,138 

33,407 

30,944 

22,999 

32,039 

16.73 

26.48 

S.  of  Charl’ton  3 

- 

- 

- 

8,766 

- 

8,766 

-  - 

7.25 

City  Con- 

• 

sumption, 

- 

6,400 

- 

6,400 

-  - 

5.29 

Burnt, 

- 

430 

430 

Total. 

12,421 

187,671 

200,092 

95,494 

535,807 

121,008 

100. 

100. 

Note — Exports  from  Georgetown. 

Cotton,  8,670  ■;  Bbls.  Rice,  about  250 ;  Rough  Rice 

,  1(5,610. 

1837-8 

From  1st  October  1837  to  3Uth  September  1838. 

BALES  COTTON. 

i 

RICE. 

1 

1  PER  CENTUM. 

Prop’n 

Prop’ll 

S  Island 

Uplands. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

R.  Rice. 

Total. 

in  100 

in  101 

bales 

Tierc’s 

1 

1 

Bushels. 

Tierces. 

Cotton 

Rice. 

Great  Britain, 

14,598 

143,614 

158,212 

1,083 

195,165 

10,377 

52.09 

11.65 

France, 

2,114 

53,571 

55,685 

4,112 

- 

4,112 

18.33 

4.62 

N.  of  Europe, 

-  - 

28,853 

28,853 

8,238 

141,277 

14,965 

9.50 

16.82 

S.  of  Europe, 

- 

1,137 

1,137 

50 

- 

50 

.37 

.06 

West  Indies, 

• 

2,580 

2,580 

22,010 

- 

22,010 

.85 

24.74 

Coastwise,  } 

N  of  Chari’  ton  v 

405 

56,865 

57,270 

23,287 

19,399 

24,211 

18.86 

27.22 

S.of  Charl’ton  3 

- 

- 

6,626 

• 

6,626 

_  - 

7.45 

City  Con- 

sumption, 

- 

- 

- 

6,600 

«*  mm 

6,600 

-  - 

7.42 

Total. 

17,117 

286,620 

303,737 

72,006 

355,841 

88,951 

100. 

100. 

Note — Exports  from  Georgetown. 

Bales  Cotton,  17,200 ; 

Bbls.  Rice,  about  250 :  R.  Rice,  25,323. 

96 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Detailed  Tables — continued . 


1838-9 


From  1st  October  1838  to  30th  September  1839. 


BALES  COTTON.  |  |  RICE.  I  I  PER  CENTUM. 


S  Island 

Uplands. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

R.  Rice. 

Bushels. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

Prop’n 
in  100 
bales 
Cotton 

Prop’n 
in  100 
Tierc’s 
Rice. 

Great  Britain, 

8,355 

111,131 

119,486' 

10 

360,526 

17,177 

56.17 

16.09 

France, 

N.  of  Europe, 

1,620 

29,045 

30,665 

6,192 

- 

6,192 

14.42 

5.80 

- 

7,733 

7,733 

14,806 

109,786 

20,034 

3.63 

18.76 

S.  of  Europe, 

- 

24 

24 

37 

- 

37 

.01 

.03 

West  Indies, 

- 

352 

352 

20,177 

- 

20,177 

.17 

18.90 

Coastwise,  1 

NofCharl’ton  b 

537 

53,917 

54,454 

26,570 

22,950 

27,663 

25.60 

25.91 

S.of  Charl’ton  3 

- 

- 

- 

8,632 

- 

8,632 

•  - 

8.09 

City  Con- 

sumption, 

- 

- 

- 

6,850 

- 

6,850 

-  - 

6.42 

Total. 

10,512 

202,202 

212,714 

83,274 

493,262 

106,762 

100. 

100. 

Note — Exports  from  Georgetown.  Cotton,  12,000 ;  Bbls.  Rice,  about  250 ;  R.  Rice,  21,000  bush. 


1839-40 


From  1st  October  1839  to  30th  September  1840. 


BALES  COTTON. ||  RICE. I  I  LUMBER.  ||  PER  CENTUM. 


S  Island 

Uplands. 

Total. 

I 

1  Tierces 

R.  Rice. 

Bushels. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

Feet. 

Prop’n 
in  100 
bales 
Cotton 

Prop’n 
in  100 
Tierc’s 
Rice. 

GBritain 

15,291 

137,751 

153,042 

15 

355,072 

16,923 

10,517 

49.74 

15.79 

France, 
North  of 

4,019 

58,898 

62,917 

7,876 

- 

7,876 

- 

20.45 

7.35 

Europe, 
South  of 

- 

29,453 

29,453 

16,034 

76,434 

19,674 

1,800 

9.57 

18.35 

Europe, 

Westln- 

- 

801 

801 

381 

- 

381 

•  m 

.26 

.36 

dies, 
Coast’e, 
North  of 

> 

1,288 

1,288 

23,942 

*• 

23,942 

290,435 

.42 

22.34 

Chas’on. 
South  of 

►  459 

59,719 

60,178 

24,922 

4 

24,922 

* 

19.56 

23.25 

Chas’on. 
C’y  Con- 
sump’n, 

J 

-  - 

*  - 

- 

,  6,669 

- 

6,669 

- 

-  - 

6.22 

- 

- 

- 

;  6,800 

- 

6,800 

- 

-  - 

6.34 

Total. 

19,769 

287,910 

307,679 

86,639|431,506 

107,187 

302,752 

100. 

100. 

Note— Exports  from  Georgetown.  Cotton,  13,200 ;  Bbls.  Rice,  about  250 ;  Rough  Rice,  10,342. 
*  The  Coastwise  Exports  coukl  not  be  obtained. 


EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND  RICE,  &c. 


97 


Detailed  Tables — continued . 


1840-1 

From  1st  October  1840  to  31st  August  1841. 

BALES  COTTON.  | 

l 

RICE.  | 

LUMBER.  | 

PER  CENTUM. 

I 

| 

Pro.  ill 

Prop’n 

S  Island 

Uplands. 

Total.  1 

Tierces 

R.  Rice.  I 

Total. 

Feet. 

100  bis 

in  100 

Exp’d. 

Tierc’s 

I 

Bushels. 

Tierces. 

Cotton 

Rice. 

G  Britain 

9,109 

91,240 

100,349 

1 

365,697 

17,415 

42,597 

45.09 

16.21 

France, 

3,731 

32,155 

35,886 

8,267 

400 

8,286 

17,865 

16.12 

7.71 

North  of 

Europe, 

*  T 

22,305 

22,305! 

22,199 

89,495 

26,461 

21,616 

10.02 

24.63 

South  of 

Europe, 

- 

2,251 

2,251 

716 

716 

69,341 

1.01 

.67 

We  stln- 

dies, 

- 

257 

257 

22,388 

_  „ 

22,388 

1,683,638 

1  O 

.  I  aJ 

20.84 

Coast’e, 

* 

North  of 

Chas’on. 

>■  930 

60,589 

61,519 

20,035 

15,489 

20,773 

•  - 

27.64 

19.33 

South  of 

I 

Chas’on. 

J 

-  - 

- 

- 

5,197 

5,197 

- 

•  • 

4.84 

C’yCon- 

sump’n, 

- 

- 

- 

6,200 

6,200 

- 

-  - 

5.77 

Burnt, 

- 

750 

750 

Total. 

13,770 

209,547 

223,317 

85,003 

471,081 

107,436 

1,835,057 

100. 

100. 

Note— Exports  from  Georgetown.  Cotton,  12,043 

;  Bbls.  Rice,  about  250 ;  Rough  Rice,  21,677. 

*  The  Coastwise  Exports  could  not  be  obtained. 

1841 

-2 

From  1st  September  1841  to  31st  August  1842. 

BALES  COTTON.  | 

1 

RICE. 

i 

LUMBER.  | 

|  PER  CENTUM. 

1 

Pro.  in 

Prop’n 

te  Island 

Uplands. 

Total. 

Tierces 

R.  Rice. 

Total. 

Feet. 

100  bis 

in  100 

Exp’d. 

Tierc’s 

Bushels. 

Tierces. 

Cotton 

Rice. 

GBritain 

9,784 

88,521 

98,305 

42 

327,818 

15,652 

96,300 

36.46 

13.37 

?  ranee, 

4,335 

71,169 

75,504 

5,545 

-  - 

5,545 

209,589 

28.01 

4.73 

North  of 

Europe, 

- 

21,417 

21,417 

22,375 

111,867 

27,702 

12,965 

7.94 

23.65 

South  of 

Europe, 

- 

3,193 

3,193 

880 

6,000 

1,166 

179,136 

1.19 

1.00 

Westln- 

1 

i 

dies, 

- 

405 

405 

25,674 

_  „ 

25,674 

870,161 

.15 

21.92 

Coast’e, 

* 

North  of 

Chas’on. 

341 

70,442 

70,783 

29,003 

2,870 

29,140 

- 

26.25 

24.88 

Soutli  of 

Chas’on. 

-  - 

- 

5,035 

-  - 

5,035 

•  • 

4.30 

C’yCon- 

sump’n, 

- 

- 

7,200 

7,200 

- 

-  - 

6.15 

Burnt, 

- 

140 

140 

Total. 

14,460 

255,287 

269,747 

95,754*448,555 

117,114 

1,368,151 

100. 

100. 

Note — Exports  from  Georgetown.  Cotton,  12,617 ;  Bbls.  Rice,  about  250 ;  R.  Rice, 

12,900  bushels. 

*  The  Coastwise  Exports  could  not  be  obtained. 

13* 


98 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Detailed  Tables — continued . 


1842 

-3 

From  1st  September  1842  to  31st  August  1843. 

BALES  COTTON.  I 

RICE. 

l 

1  LUMBER.  | 

PER  CENTUM. 

) 

Prop’n 

Prop’n 

S  Island 

Uplands. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

R.  Rice. 

Total. 

Feet. 

in  100 

in  100 

|  bales 

Tierc’s 

Bushels. 

Tierces. 

Cotton 

Rice. 

GBritain 

15,200 

186,445 

201,645 

2,011 

134,390 

8,411 

25,941 

57.19 

6.15 

France, 

1,151 

52,574 

53,725 

11,275 

58,251 

14,049 

152,495 

15.24 

10.26 

North  of 

1 

Europe, 

• 

15,646 

15,646 

20,471 

92,705 

24,885 

8,400 

4,44 

18.18 

South  of 

> 

Europe, 

- 

2,260 

2,260 

437 

8,672 

850 

104,337 

.64 

.62 

Westln- 

dies, 

•  - 

110 

110 

23,380 

- 

23,380 

1,091,483 

.03 

17.08 

Coast’e, 

> 

1 

* 

North  of 

Chas’on. 

l  681 

78,523 

79,204 

50,199 

6,519 

50,509 

22.46 

36.90 

South  of 

| 

Chas’on. 

-  _ 

• 

7,502 

-  - 

7,502 

I 

-  «. 

5.48 

C’yCon- 

sump’n. 

- 

- 

- 

7,300 

- 

7,300 

!  .  - 

-  “ 

5.33 

Total. 

17,032 

335,558 

352,590 

1 1 22,575 

300,531 

136,886 

1,382,656 

100. 

100. 

Note — Exports  from  Georgetown.  Bales  Cotton 

12,950 :  Bbls.  Rice,  about  250 :  R.Rice,  26,974. 

*  The  Coastwise  Exports  could  not  be  obtained. 

1843-4 

• 

From  1st  September  1843  to  31st  August  1844. 

BALES  COTTON.  i 

RICE. 

1 

|  LUMBER.  1 

1  PER  CENTUM. 

|Pro. in 

Prop’n 

S.Island 

Uplands. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

R.  Rice. 

Total. 

Feet. 

100  bis 

in  100 

Exp’d. 

Tierc’s 

Bushels. 

Tierces. 

Cotton 

Rice. 

GBritain 

1 

2,603 

124,786 

137,389' 

86 

322,616 

15,450 

22,512 

44,97 

11.52 

France, 

2,440 

34,180 

36,620 

8,809 

24,344 

9,968 

53,181 

11.99 

7.43 

North  of 

Europe, 

-• 

7,324 

7,324 

27,145 

136,635 

33,651 

10,100 

2.40 

25.09 

South  of 

Europe, 

- 

- 

- 

203 

•  - 

203 

337,791 

.15 

Westln- 

dies, 

- 

• 

23,721 

—  "■  1 

23,721 

2,119,181 

_  m 

17.68 

Coast’e, 

] 

j 

* 

North  of 

1 

' 

Chas’on. 

1,148 

123,023 

124,171 

36,239 

5,027 

36,478 

40.64 

27.19 

South  of 

I 

Chas’on. 

J 

• 

7,026 

. 

7,026 

•  - 

5.24 

C’yCon- 

» 

sump’n. 

- 

- 

- 

7,650 

- 

7,650 

-  - 

.  wm 

5.70 

Burnt, 

• 

1,066 

1,066 

Total. 

16,191 

290,379 

306,570 

110,879 

488,622 

134,147 

2,542,765 

100. 

100. 

Note— Exports  from  Georgetown.  Cotton,  15,391 :  Bbls.  Rice,  about  259 ;  Rough  Rice,  19,725. 

*  The  Coastwise  Exports  could  not  be  obtained. 

EXPORTS  OP  COTTON  AND  RICE,  &c. 


99 


Detailed  Tables — continued . 


1844-5 


from  1st  September  1844  to  31st  August  1845. 


BALES  COTTON. 


RICE. 


LUMBER.  1 1  PER  CENTUM. 


S  Island 

Uplands. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

R.  Rice. 

Bushels. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

Feet. 

Pro. in 
100  bis 
Exp’d. 
Cotton 

Prop’n 
in  100 
Tierc’s 
Rice. 

GBritain 

16,265 

202,353 

218,618 

99 

350,774 

16,802 

13,3441 

51.82 

14.12 

France, 
North  of 

4,640 

67,581 

72,221 

4,185 

56,805 

6,890 

23,600 

17.12 

5.79 

Europe, 
South  of 

15,877 

15,877 

10,625 

153,830 

17,950 

7,585 

3.76 

15.08 

Europe, 

Westln- 

*  • 

2,918 

2,918 

60 

- 

60 

230,035 

.69 

.05 

dies, 
Coast’e, 
^orth  of 

l 

>  423 

141 

141 

28,382 

«*•  • 

/ 

28,382 

739,180 

* 

.03 

23.84 

Chas’on. 
South  of 

111,698 

112,121 

34,992 

♦  * 

34,992 

26.58 

29.40 

Chas’on. 
C’y  Con- 

•  - 

•  • 

•  • 

5,978 

5,978 

to 

to  m 

5.02 

sump’n. 

Burnt, 

:  : 

3,481 

to  — 

3,481 

7,980 

•>  •» 

7,980 

to  to 

to  to 

6.70 

Total. 

21,328 

404,049 

425,377 

i  92,301 

561,409 

119,034 

11,013,744 

100. 

100. 

Note — Exports  from  Georgetown.  Cotton,  15,395 ;  Bbls.  Rice,  about  250;  Rough  Rice,  35,511. 
*  The  Coastwise  Exports  could  not  be  obtained. 


1845-6 


From  1st  September  1845  to  31st  August  1846. 


BALES  COTTON.  || 

RICE. 

II  LUMBER.  II  PER  CENTUM. 

Prop’n] 

Prop’n 

I 

S  Island 

Uplands. 

Total. 

Tierces 

R.  Rice. 

Bushels. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

Feet. 

in  100 
bales 
Cotton 

in  100 
Tierc’s 
Rice. 

GBritain 

12,824 

104,246 

117,070 

2,233 

203,523 

11,924 

527,658 

43.67 

10.82 

France, 
North  of 

6,703 

44,277 

50,980 

5,074 

35,334 

6,757 

75,991 

19.02 

6.13 

Europe, 
South  of 

to  to 

5,118 

5,118 

14,480 

107,333 

19,591 

5,000 

[ 

1.91 

17.77 

Europe, 

Westln- 

■r  • 

6,592 

6,592 

34 

- 

34 

109,562 

2.46 

.03 

dies, 
Coast’e, 
North  of 

'v 

m  • 

16,217 

40 

16,219, 

710,883 

“ 

14.72 

Chas’on. 
South  of 

>  476 

87,841 

88,317 

37,855 

8,909 

38,279 

12,231,963 

32.94 

34.73 

Chas’on. 
C’y  Con- 
sump’n. 

> 

•  — 

to  to 

to 

7,811 

••  to 

7,811 

to  to 

«»  •* 

7.09 

- 

• 

to  to 

9,600 

- 

9,600 

to  * 

-  - 

8.71 

Total. 

20,003 

248,074 

268,077 
'  * 

93,304 

355,139 

110,215 

13,661,057 

100. 

100. 

Note— Exports  from  Georgetown.  Cotton,  3,852 ;  Bbls.  Rice,  about  250 ;  Rough  Rice,  23,600* 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


aoo 


Detailed  Tables — continued. 


1846-7 

From  1st  September  1846  to  31st  August  1847. 

BALES 

COTTON. 

1 

RICE. 

|  LUMBER.  I 

|  PER  CENTUM. 

Prop’n 

Prop'll 

S  Island 

Uplands. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

R.  Rice. 

Total. 

Feet. 

in  100 

in  100 

bales 

Tierc’s 

Bushels. 

Tierces. 

Cotton 

Rice. 

GBritain 

7,915 

113,747 

121,662 

20,808 

303,175 

35,245 

42,526 

35.05 

23.83 

France, 

2,954 

48,498 

51,452 

11,451 

32,173 

12,983 

50,051 

14.82 

8.78 

North  of i 

Europe, 

8,794 

8,794 

9,688 

154,015 

17,022 

41,980 

2.53 

11.51 

South  of 

| 

Europe, 

_ 

8,428 

8,428 

6 

*  • 

6 

1,091,125 

2.43 

*  «■ 

Westln- 

dies, 

—  *• 

•  — 

••  * 

24,017 

«»  «• 

24,017 

1,318,826 

-  - 

16.23 

Coast’e, 

> 

! 

North  of 

Chas’on. 

698 

156,064 

156,762 

40,365 

9,395 

40,812 

9,136,808 

45.17 

27.59 

South  of 

Chas’on. 

> 

•  » 

7,846 

♦  * 

7,846 

*  4» 

•  • 

5.30 

C’yCon- 

6.76 

sump’n. 

- 

- 

- 

10,000 

m  «* 

10,000 

«•  a» 

-  - 

Total. 

11,567)335,531 

347,098 

124,181 

498,758 

147,931 

11,681,316 

100. 

100. 

Note- 

-Exports  from  Georgetown. 

Cotton,  2,000 ;  Bbls.  Rice,  496  ;  Rough  Rice,  30,800. 

1847-8 

From  1st  September  1847  to  31st  August  1848. 

BALES  COTTON. 

1 

RICE. 

||  LUMBER. 

!  Iper  centum. 

Pro. in 

Prop’n 

S  Island 

Uplands. 

Total. 

Tierces. 

R.  Rice. 

Total. 

Feet. 

100  bis 

in  100 

Exp’d. 

Tierc’s 

Bushels. 

Tierces. 

Cotton 

Rice. 

GBritain 

12,987 

140,103 

153,090 

4,846 

232,303 

15,908 

478,675 

51.44 

12.55 

France, 

2,358 

27,221 

29,579 

5,563 

24,630 

6,736 

85,750 

9.94 

5.31 

North  of 

Europe, 

- 

11,390 

11,390 

13,157 

163,486 

20,942 

235,217 

3.83 

16.52 

South  of 

Europe, 

- 

4,787 

4,787 

w 

• 

1,186,217 

1.61 

—  — 

Westln- 

dies, 

- 

. 

• 

20,844 

•  - 

20,844 

1,776,451 

16.44 

Coast’e, 

1 

North  of 

Chas’on. 

[  685 

98,061 

98,746 

42,052 

1,960 

42,145 

15,931,436 

33.18 

33.25 

South  of 

Chas’on. 

J 

»  • 

•» 

9,448 

•  «• 

9,448 

•  .  - 

•  «* 

7.45 

C’yCon- 

sump’n. 

- 

- 

10,752 

•  * 

10,752 

_ 

8.48 

Burnt, 

- 

1,392 

1,392 

Total. 

16,030 

282,954 

298,984 

106,662 

422,379 

126,775 

19,693,746 

100. 

100. 

Note — Exports  from  Georgetown.  Cotton,  228 

Bbls.  Rice,  319 ;  Rough  Rice,  24,000  bushels. 

In  the  foregoing  Tables,  the 

six  years  from 

1828-9 

to  1833-4,  have  been 

compiled  from  careful  comparisons  of  the  different  Commercial  records  publish- 

ed  during  that  period;  the  remaining 

years  have  been  made  up 

from 

“  The 

Courier  Letter  Sheet  Prices  Current.” 

The  Rough  Rice  has  been  reduced  to  Tierces  at  the  rate  of  21  bushels  to  the 

Tierce. 

EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  AND  RICE,  &c. 


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14 


j Recapitulation  of  the  preceding  Tables  of  the  Exports  of  Rice. 

_ _ _ _ _ — — - - - — - - - -  i  nrvn 


102 


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104 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Prices  of  Rough  Rice  at  Charleston — Compiled  from  the 
Weekly  Courier  Letter  Sheet  Prices  Current. 


1835 

1836 

1837 

1838 

1839 

1840 

1841 

$  ct.  $  ct. 

$  ct.  $  ct. 

$  ct.  $  ct. 

$  ct.  $  ct. 

$  ct.  $  ct. 

ct.  ct. 

ct.  ct. 

Jan. 

m  m 

•  • 

88  a  93 

82al  02 

90al  04 

72a82 

75a80 

Feb. 

_  . 

85a  94 

98al  08 

1  OOal  10 

77a82 

75a84 

Mar. 

_  - 

91al  02 

95al  07 

1  OOal  13 

68a77 

80a85 

April 

87a  98 

85al  03 

90al  06 

1  05al  13 

72a 

82a85 

May 

m  m 

87al  00 

1  06al  25 

1  05a 1  15 

70a75 

83a85 

June 

1  10al  19 

80al  06 

90a 

1  15al  25 

1  lOal  15 

75a85 

85a86 

July 

1  20a 

- 

87al  00 

1  15al  25 

1  12a 1  15 

- 

90a 

Aug. 

1  lOal  15 

1  OOal  06 

1  OOal  06 

1  lOal  25 

- 

90a 

Sept. 

• 

87a 

1  05al  06 

1  20a 

90a 

- 

- 

Oct. 

• 

. 

1  lOal  20 

. 

it  - 

83a 

92a 

Nov. 

80a 

87a  92 

87al  06 

98al  01 

78a  87 

80a83 

78a86 

Dec. 

- 

88a  92 

83al  00 
- , -  ■  - 

93al  04 

70a  82 

80a84 

80a83 

Prices  of  Rough  Rice — Continued . 


1842 

1843 

1844 

1845 

1846 

1847 

1848 

ct. 

ct. 

ct. 

ct. 

ct. 

ct. 

$ 

ct.  $ 

ct. 

8  ct.  $  ct. 

$  ct.  $  ct. 

ct. 

ct. 

Tan. 

68 

a 

80 

62 

a 

78 

55 

a 

66 

70a 

81 

1 

05a  1 

31 

80a 

93 

86 

a 

95 

Feb. 

70 

a 

75 

58 

a 

63 

57 

a 

66 

70a 

85 

1 

OOal 

18 

92al 

11 

82 

a 

93 

Mar. 

70 

a 

75 

55 

a 

64 

60 

a 

80 

75a 

90 

85al 

03 

96al 

15 

80 

a 

95 

April 

70 

a 

75 

50 

a 

62 

75 

a 

80 

73a 

88 

90al 

10 

93al 

15 

76 

a 

93 

May 

70 

a 

72 

55 

a 

62 

75 

a 

81 

85a 

94 

93al 

10 

1 

OOal 

25 

75 

a 

80 

June 

• 

57 

a 

63 

30 

a 

81 

83a 

94 

85a 

90 

1 

Hal 

40 

72 

a 

74 

July 

68 

a 

72 

60 

a 

62 

81 

a 

87a 

85a 

1 

25al 

40 

80 

a 

Aug. 

- 

. 

62 

a 

65 

83 

a 

87 

85a 

80a 

- 

84 

a 

Sept. 

65 

a 

65 

a 

- 

- 

1 

23a 

80a 

90 

- 

83 

a 

92 

Oct. 

65 

a 

72 

60 

a 

64 

65 

a 

75 

1 

15al 

30 

94a  1 

00 

84al 

00 

- 

- 

Nov. 

63 

a 

75 

60 

a 

68 

68 

a 

77 

1 

22al 

30 

90al 

00 

70al 

00 

75 

a 

76 

Dec. 

65 

a 

72 

57 

a 

68 

70 

a 

80 

1 

21al 

37 

80a 

90 

i 

70a 

95 

74 

a 

81 

COTTON. 


105 


COTTON. 

This  article  occupies  so  important  a  place  in  the 
Commerce  of  Charleston,  that  it  demands  a  more  ex¬ 
tended  notice  than  the  mere  statement  of  Exports  for  the 
few  years  which  we  have  been  enabled  to  give  in  the 
foregoing  Tables. 

That  at  a  very  early  period  Cotton  was  cultivated  in 
South  Carolina,  principally  for  domestic  purposes,  and 
in  some  instances  for  export,  is  established  by  the  state¬ 
ments  of  the  following  authorities  : 

In  a  reprint  in  “Carroll’s  Historical  Collections  of 
South  Carolina”  of  “  The  History  of  Carolina,  by  J. 
Oldmixon,”  printed  in  London  in  1708.  It  is  stated 
that  its  (Carolina’s)  “principal  commodities  are  Provi¬ 
sions — as  Beef,  Pork,  Corn,  Peas,  Butter,  &c.  &c., 
Hoops,  Cotton ,  Silk;”  and  again,  that  “the  ordinary 
women  take  care  of  Cows,  Hogs,  and  other  small  cat¬ 
tle,  &c.,  spin  Cotton  and  Flax.” 

From  a  reprint  in  Carroll’s  Historical  Collections  of 
South  Carolina,  entitled  “A  Description  of  the  Province 
of  South  Carolina,  drawn  up  at  Charles  Town  in  Sep¬ 
tember  1731,”  by  John  Peter  Purry  and  others,  attest¬ 
ed  with  their  certificate  as  eye  witnesses,  at  foot  of  the 
statement.  We  quote — “Flax  and  Co tton  thrive  ad¬ 
mirably,  and  Hemp  grows  from  thirteen  to  fourteen 
feet  in  height and  again,  “  That  by  means  of  the 
Wool,  Cotton j  Flax  and  Hemp,  it  will  be  easy  to  pro¬ 
cure  all  the  Linen  necessary,  as  also  good  Cloth  and 
Stuffs  for  cioathing.” 

From  a  reprint  in  Carroll’s  Historical  Collections  of 
South  Carolina,  entitled  “  A  description  of  South  Caro¬ 
lina,  &c.  &c.”  printed  in  London  1761,  giving  “  An  ac¬ 
count  of  several  species  and  quantities  of  commodities 
of  the  produce  of  South  Carolina,  which  were  exported 


106 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


from  thence  at  the  port  of  Charles  Town,  in  one  year, 
from  first  November,  1741,  to  first  November,  1748, 
&;c.  &c.”  among  the  enumerated  articles  are,  “  Cotton 
Wool  7  bags  and  in  the  same  pamphlet,  among  the 
imports,  are  “  Wollen  and  Cotton  Cards.” 

In  another  reprint  in  Carroll’s  Historical  Collections 
of  South  Carolina,  giving  a  description  of  the  Province 
of  South  Carolina,  “written  in  1763  for  private  use, 
and  afterwards  printed  in  London  in  1770,”  we  find  that 
“  The  Cotton  tree  likewise  grows  naturally  in  this  pro¬ 
vince,  and  might  be  of  great  use  in  cloathing  the  poorer 
sort  of  white  inhabitants  and  the  negroes,  if  any  pains 
were  taken  to  cultivate  it.” 

From  Drayton’s  view  of  South  Carolina,  printed  in 
1802,  we  quote — “  Cotton  is  noticed  as  an  article  of  ex¬ 
port  in  South  Carolina  as  early  as  the  year  1754 ;  and 
from  that  time  to  this  it  has  been  grown  in  the  State 
and  in  a  subsequent  table  of  Exports  for  that  year, 
among  others  articles  given,  is  “  some  Cotton .” 

Governor  Seabrook  in  his  valuable  “  Memoir  on  the 
origin,  cultivation  and  uses  of  Cotton,”  published  in 
1844,  has  also  collected  many  evidences  of  the  early 
cultivation  of  Cotton  in  South  Carolina ;  from  which 
pamphlet  the  following  extracts  are  made  : 

“In  that  year,  (1775)  while  a  Cotton  patch  was  no 
unusual  spectacle,  Col.  Delagall,  of  South  Carolina, 
&c.,  cultivated  thirty  acres  of  the  green  seed  kind,  near 
Savannah.”  ****** 

*******  <(  jn  Wilson’s  account  of  the  4  Province  of 

Carolina  in  America,’  published  in  1682,  it  is  stated  that 
Cotton  of  the  Cyprus  and  Malta  sort  grows  well,  and  a 
good  plenty  of  the  seed  is  sent  thither.”  ******* 

*******  “From  the  Journal  of  Mrs.  Pinckney,  the 
mother  of  Genl.  Thomas  and  Genl.  Charles  C.  Pinck¬ 
ney,  who  as  Miss  Lucas,  when  only  18  years  of  age, 


COTTON. 


107 


was  entrusted  with  the  planting  interests  of  her  father 
the  Gov.  of  Antigua,  is  the  following  memorandum  — 
July  1?  1/39.  Wrote  to  my  father  to-day  a  very  long 
letter  on  his  plantation  affairs— on  the  pains  I  had  taken 
to  bring  the  Indigo,  Ginger,  Cotton,  Lucerne  and  Ca¬ 
nada  to  peifection,  &c.”  June  1741.  MYote  again  to 
my  father  on  the  subject  of  Indigo  and  Cotton.”  ***** 
u  A  short  time  before  the  Revolution,  a  few  of  our  plan¬ 
ters  by  growing  patches  of  Cotton,  some  of  which  was 
ol  the  black  seed  kind,  succeeded  in  cloathing  not  only 
their  families,  to  which  they  had  been  accustomed,  but 
also  their  slaves.  The  necessities  of  the  war,  <Nc., 
gieatly  increased  the  number  of  the  domestic  fabricators 
of  the  wool  until  about  the  year  1790,  when  the  practice 
of  using  homespun  for  plantation  purposes  became  very 
common  in  the  Districts  and  upper  Parishes.  The 
yarn  was  spun  at  home,  and  sent  to  the  nearest  weaver. 
Among  the  manufacturing  establishments,  the  one  in 
the  vicinity  of  Murray’s  ferry,  in  Williamsburg,  owned 
by  lush  settlers,  supplied  the  adjacent  country.” 

Among  the  exports  of  Charles  Town  from  November 
1747  to  November  1748,  are  included  7  bags  of  Cotton 
Wool.”  This  last  Gov,  Seabrook  quotes  from  “  Ame¬ 
rican  Husbandry,  dec.  dec.,  of  the  British  Colonies  in 
North  America  and  the  West  Indies,  published  in  Lon¬ 
don  in  1775.”  Also,  Gov.  Seabrook  states  that  of  the 
importations  of  Cotton  into  Europe  from  the  United 
States  between  1785  and  1790,  “  153  bags  were  sent 
directly,  and  a  portion  of  the  remainder  by  the  way  of 
Philadelphia  and  New  York  from  Charleston.” 

From  “  Drayton’s  view  of  South  Carolina”  we  take 
the  following  statement  of  Exports  of  Cotton  from  the 
port  of  Charleston,  which,  we  are  informed,  in  a  note, 
was  furnished  the  author  by  James  Simons,  Esq.,  the 
Collector  of  the  Port.  It  is  not  stated  whether  these 


108 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Exports  were  made  Foreign,  or  both  Foreign  and 
Coastwise,  nor  is  the  description  of  Cotton  specified. 


This  reduced  to  bags  of 
330  lbs.  would  give 


1  st  Oct. 

1789  to  30th  Sept. 

1790, 

9,840  lbs. 

30  bags. 

u 

1790  “ 

tt 

1791, 

54,075 

a 

164 

n 

u 

1791  “ 

a 

1792, 

76,710 

a 

232 

tt 

tt 

1792  “ 

it 

1793, 

93,540 

c. 

284 

a 

tt 

1793  “ 

a 

1794, 

159,040 

tt 

482 

u 

tt 

1794  “ 

tt 

1795, 

1,109,653 

tt 

3,363 

a 

it 

1795  “ 

tt 

1796, 

912,600 

ti 

2,765 

n 

a 

1796  “ 

a 

1797, 

1,008,511 

a 

3,056 

it 

u 

1797  “ 

tt 

1798, 

2,476,431 

tt 

7,504 

it 

a 

1798  “ 

tt 

1799, 

2,801,996 

tt 

8,491 

it 

u 

1799  “ 

tt 

1800, 

6,425,863 

tt 

19,472 

it 

tt 

1800  “ 

tt 

1801, 

8,301,907 

a 

25,157 

it 

The  following  statement  of  the  Exports  of  Sea  Island 
Cotton  from  the  United  States  is  given,  as  it  has  been 
found  impossible  to  give  the  description  of  Exports  from 
Charleston  prior  to  the  period  at  which  the  preceding 
tables  commence.  It  will  be  seen  that  large  exports  of 
Sea  Island  Cotton,  of  domestic  growth,  went  forward 
from  the  United  States  as  early  as  the  year  1804,  the 
whole  of  which  must  have  passed,  in  the  first  instance, 
through  the  ports  of  Savannah  and  Charleston;  as  this 
description  of  Cotton  was  at  that  period  only  cultivated 
in  Georgia  and  South  Carolina,  the  largest  proportion 
probably  in  the  latter  State. 

To  this,  it  has  been  deemed  advisable  to  add  the  Ex¬ 
ports  of  Upland  Cotton  for  the  same  periods,  as  giving 
some  data  by  which  the  Cotton  crops  of  the  United 
States  may  be  estimated,  for  those  periods  when  no 
annual  statements  of  the  crops  were  made  up  by  the 
Commercial  Journals. 


COTTON. 


109 


From  “Seybert’s  Statistical  Annals  of  the  United  States.” 

EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  FROM  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


August  1789  to 
30th  Sept.  1790, 
1st  Oct.  1790  to 


This  reduced  to  packages  of  330 
lbs.  would  give 


2,027  bales  2,027bales,  wt.  not  known 


30th  Sept.  1791, 
1st  Oct.  1791  to 

189,316  lbs. 

573  “ 

designated  wts 

30th  Sept.  1792, 
1st  Oct.  1792  to 

138,328  « 

419  “ 

tt 

it 

30th  Sept.  1793, 
1st  Oct.  1793  to 

*487,600  “  2,438 

“  1,478  “ 

tt . 

it 

30th  Sept.  1794, 
1st  Oct.  1794  to 

*1,601,760  “  7,222 

“  4,854  “ 

tt 

tt 

30th  Sept.  1795, 
1st  Oct.  1795  to 

*6,276,300  “20,921 

“  19,019  “ 

tt 

tt 

30th  Sept.  1796, 
1st  Oct.  1796  to 

6,106,727  “ 

18,505  “ 

tt 

it 

30th  Sept.  1797, 
1st  Oct.  1797  to 

3,788,429  “ 

11,480  “ 

it 

tt 

30th  Sept.  1798, 
1st  Oct.  1798  to 

9,360,005  “ 

28,364  “ 

tt 

it 

30th  Sept.  1799, 
1st  Oct.  1799  to 

9,532,263  “ 

28,886  “ 

tt 

tt 

30th  Sept.  1800, 
1st  Oct.  1800  to 

17,789,803  “ 

53,909  « 

tt 

it 

30th  Sept.  1801, 
1st  Oct.  1801  to 

20,911,201  “ 

63,367  “ 

tt 

tt 

30th  Sept.  1802, 

27,501,075  “ 

83,337  “ 

tt 

tt 

The  above  exports  appear  to  be  both  that  of  the 
Domestic  growth  of  the  United  States,  and  re-exports 
of  Foreign  growth ;  no  distinction  was  made  between 
Sea  Island  and  Upland  Cotton  during  these  years. 


*  The  pounds  for  these  three  years  are  from  Pitkin’s  Statistics,  1st  edition, 
from  Seybert. 


The  packages  are 


15 


110 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON 


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From  “  Pitkin's  Statistics  of  the  JJ.  States”  2  d  edition . 
EXPORTS  OF  COTTON  FROM  THE  UNITED  STATES,  THE 
GROWTH  AND  PRODUCE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


Sea  Island. 

Uplands. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

1st  Oct.  1817  to  30th  Sept.  1818, 

6,457,335 

86,013,843 

“  1818  “ 

U 

1819, 

7,448,775 

80,508,270 

“  1819  “ 

U 

1820, 

11,569,015 

116,291,137 

“  1820  “ 

U 

1821, 

11,344,066 

113,549,339 

“  1821  « 

C( 

1822, 

11,250,635 

133,424,460 

“  1822  « 

a 

1823, 

12,136,688 

161,586,582 

“  1823  « 

« 

1824, 

9,525,722 

132,843,941 

“  1824  “ 

a 

1825, 

9,665,278 

166,784,629 

Reduced  to  packages 
of  300  lbs.  will  give 
S.I.  bales.  Upld’s,  b’s 

19,568  260,648 
22,572  243,964 
35,058  352,397 
34,376  344,089 
34,093  404,317 
36,778  489,656 
28,866  402,557 
29,289  505,408 


COTTON. 


1 1 1 


from  1st  October  1818,  we  have  a  more  accurate 
estimate  of  the  Sea  Island  Crops  of  the  United  States 
for  each  year,  in  the  following  table  of  the  Exports 
from  Savannah  and  Charleston  to  30th  Sept.  1832,  and 
from  that  period,  the  actual  Crops  of  Georgia  and 
South  Carolina  for  each  year  to  31st  August  1848. 

Exports  of  Sea  Island  Cotton,  from  1st  October  1818  to 
30 th  Sept •  1832;  and  of  Crops  from  ls£  October  1832 
to  31  st  August  1848. 


Charleston. 

Bales. 


Savannah. 

Bales. 


1st  Oct. 

1818  to  30th  Sept.  1819, 

Exp.  9,865 

Exp.  8,425 

u 

1819  “ 

a 

1820, 

“  21,484 

44  11,895 

a 

1820  “ 

a 

1821, 

“  24,622 

44  10,888 

ii 

1821  44 

a 

1822, 

“  25,510 

44  10,775 

ii 

1822  44 

u 

1823, 

“  26,747 

44  10,830 

a 

1823  44 

u 

1824, 

“  24,632 

44  9,951 

ii 

1824  44 

a 

1825, 

“  18,253 

44  7,763 

ii 

1825  “ 

a 

1826, 

“  12,647 

44  6,029 

ii 

1826  44 

a 

1827, 

“  31,828 

44  14,549 

a 

1827  “ 

a 

1828, 

“  22,750 

44  12,126 

li 

1828  44 

a 

1829, 

“  23,047 

44  13,729 

a 

1829  “ 

a 

1830, 

46  17,708 

44  9,579 

ii 

1830  “ 

a 

1831, 

“  20,317 

44  7,586 

ii 

1831  44 

ii 

1832, 

“  18,243 

44  9,664 

ii 

1832  44 

ii 

1833, 

Crop22,591 

Cropl2,463  < 

ii 

1833  44 

ti 

1834, 

“  19,435 

44  8,709 

ii 

1834  44 

li 

1835, 

“  14,854 

44  9,797 

ii 

1835  44 

ii 

1836, 

“  15,758 

44  9,793 

ii 

1836  “ 

u 

1837, 

“  14,262 

44  7,963 

ii 

1837  44 

a 

1838, 

“  12,568 

44  5,121 

ii 

1838  “ 

u 

1839t 

44  11,483 

44  4,809 

ii 

1839  44 

n 

1840, 

44  17,913 

44  8,642 

ii 

1840  “ 

31st  Aug.1841, 

44  13,816 

44  6,449 

1st  Sept  1841  “ 

a 

1842, 

44  13,247 

44  7,214 

a 

1842  44 

it 

1843, 

44  16,798 

44  7,493 

a 

1843  “ 

a 

1844, 

44  13,564 

44  5,574 

a 

1844  “ 

a 

1845, 

44  20,019 

44  8,453 

a 

1845  “ 

a 

1846, 

44  19,579 

44  10,622 

a 

1846  “ 

a 

1847, 

44  13,538 

44  7,567 

a 

1847  44 

a 

1848, 

44  12,909 

44  8,816 

The  combined 

crops  of  Upland  and  Sea  Isk 

Total. 

Bales. 


“  33.379 
“  35,510 
“  36,285 


ii 

u 


37,577 
34,583 
“  26,016 
“  18,676 
“  46,377 
“  34,876 
“  36,776 
“  27,287 
44  27,903 
“  27,907 
Jrop35,054 
“  28,144 
44  24,651 
“  25,551 
“  22,225 
“  17,689 
“  16,292 
“  26,555 
44  20,265 
44  20,461 
“  24,291 
“  19,138 
44  28,472 
44  30,201 
“  21,105 
“  21,725 


of  the  Detailed  tables  of  Exports  of  Cotton  and  Rice, 
pages  101-2. 


112 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


RICE. 

)  ■>.  - 

This  subject,  as  well  as  the  Cotton  crops,  demands 
more  extension  than  the  statement  of  exports  for  the 
lew  years  embraced  in  the  foregoing  tables.  Fortu¬ 
nately,  through  the  previous  researches  of  another,  the 
exports  of  Rice,  from  a  very  early  period,  have  been 
collected  and  preserved,  which  will  be  found  in  the 
succeeding  pages. 

From 46  Drayton’s  View  of  South  Carolina”  we  quote, 
44  Rice,  was  first  planted  in  South  Carolina  about  the 
year  1688  :  when  by  chance  a  little  of  it,  of  a  small 
unprofitable  kind,  was  introduced  into  the  State.” 

From  44  Ramsay’s  History  of  South  Carolina”  Ave 
learn,  that  the  cultivation  of  Rice  was  first  commenced 
in  South  Carolina  in  1694.  A  vessel  from  Madagas¬ 
car,  in  distress,  put  into  Charleston  harbor,  the  Captain 
of  which  had  some  previous  acquaintance  with  Land¬ 
grave  Thomas  Smith,  to  whom  he  gave  a  small  parcel 
of  Rough  Rice,  which  was  in  the  cook’s1  bag  on  board ; 
this,  Mr.  Smith  planted  in  a  moist  spot  in  his  garden, 
(now  Longitude  Lane,  in  the  City  of  Charleston)  the 
proceeds  he  distributed  among  his  friends,  and  in  a  few 
years  after  Rice  became  one  of  the  staple  productions 
of  the  Colony. 

In  44  Carroll’s  Historical  Collections  of  South  Caro¬ 
lina”  it  is  stated,  that  a  Brigantine,  from  Madagascar, 
put  into  the  Colony,  and  gave  some  seed  Rice  to  Mr. 
Woodward,  which,  in  a  few  years,  was  dispersed 
through  the  Colony.  It  is  also  further  stated  44  that 
Mr.  Du  Bois,  Treasurer  of  the  East  India  Company, 
did  send  to  that  country,  (Carolina)  a  small  bag  of  seed 
Rice  some  short  time  after.”  These  events  occurred 
about  the  year  1700. 


RICE. 


113 


That  Rice,  soon  after  this  period,  was  an  article  of 
export  from  Carolina,  we  learn  from  a  pamphlet  re¬ 
printed  in  Carroll’s  Historical  Collections  of  South 
Carolina,  and  originally  published  in  London  in  1707  by 
John  Archdale,  late  Governor  of  Carolina,  in  which  he 
says,  44 17  Ships  this  year,”  (probably  several  years 
prior  to  the  printing  of  the  pamphlet)  44  came  ladened 
from  the  Carolinas  with  Rice ,  Skins,  Pitch,  Tar,  &c., 
in  the  Virginia  fleet.” 

The  following  early  exports  of  Rice,  which  we  re¬ 
publish  as  having  an  appropriate  place  in  the  Statistics 
of  Charleston,  were  collected  by  the  Hon.  R.  F.  W. 
Allston  in  his  valuable  44  Memoir  of  the  introduction 


and  cultivation  of  Rice  in  South  Carolina,”  published  in 
1843,  from  the  following  sources: 

From  a  statement  published  by  Gov .  Glen ,  in  his  44  De¬ 
scription  of  South  Carolina ,”  1761. 

EXPORTS  OF  RICE  FROM  CAROLINA. 


From  1720  to  1729  inclusive 

264,788  bbls.,  equal  to  44,081  tons,  bbls.  about  325  lbs. 
From  1730  to  1739  inclusive 

419,525  bbls.,  equal  to  99,905  44  44  44  400  44 

For  this  last  period,  C arrolPs  Historical  Collections, gives 


u 

a 

u 


EXPORTS  FROM  THE  PROVINCE  OF  SOUTH  CAROLINA,  FROM 

1730  TO  1739. 

To  Portugal  in  all,  83,379  barrels 

44  Gibraltar,  -  -  958 

44  Spain,  -  3,570 

44  France,  only  the  last 
two  years  at  most,  -  9,500 

To  Great  Britain,  Ireland, 
and  the  British  plantations, 
by  the  largest  calculation, 
cannot  exceed,  -  -  30,000 

To  Holland,  Hamburg  and 
Bremen,  including  about 
7,000  bbls.  to  Sweden  and 
Denmark,  -  -  372,118  44 

- making 


Total  expts.  in  these  years,  499,525  44  99,905  tons. 


114 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Irom  the  French  of  G.  M.  B.  Dumont ,  furnished  by 

Hon .  M .  King . 

EXPORTS  OF  RICE  FROM  THE  PORT  OF  CHARLESTON,  S.  C. 


Nov. 

1724  to  Nov. 

1725, 

17,734casks 

44 

1725 

44 

44 

1726, 

23,031  44 

44 

1726 

44 

44 

1727, 

26,884  44 

44 

1727 

44 

44 

1728, 

29,905  44 

44 

1728 

44 

44 

1729, 

32,384barrels 

44 

1729 

44 

44 

1730, 

41,722  44 

44 

1730 

44 

44 

1731, 

Afl'y  V  *At  this  time  the  bis.  would  ap- 
(  pear  to  have  been  500  pounds. 

44 

1731 

44 

44 

1732, 

Q'T’  HER  44See  Carroll’s  His.  Col.,  Vol.  % 
°  ‘  >  '"0  page  129. 

44 

1732 

44 

44 

1733, 

50,726  “ 

44 

1733 

44 

44 

1734, 

30,323  “ 

44 

1734 

44 

44 

1735, 

45,317  “  1,038  bags. 

Fnm  the  Commercial  Column  of  the  “  Carolina 


Gazette . 

EXPORTS  FROM  CHARLESON,  S.  C. 


u 

44 

44 

a 

a 


a 

u 

a 

u 

44 

a 

44 

44 

u 

44 

44 

44 


1737  “ 

1738  44 

1739 

1740 

1741 


4k 

44 

44 


1742 

1743 

1744 

1745 

1746 

1747 

1748 

1749 

1750 

1751 

1752 

1753 

1754 


44 

44 

44 

44 

44 

44 

44 

4k 

44 

44 

<4 

44 

44 


44 

44 

44 

44 

44 


Barrels. 

Bags. 

> 

52,349 

1,554 

1737, 

42,619 

519 

1738, 

34,324 

1739, 

67,117 

1740, 

91,110 

1741, 

80,040 

2,137 

1742, 

46,196 

From  the  Carolina  Gazette. 

1743,  73,416 

1 744,  80,778 

1745,  59,627 

1746,  54,101 

1747,  54,146 

1748,  55,132 

1749,  41,034 

1750,  48,011  525 

1751,  61,522  223 

1752,  78,360  186 

1753,  35,522 


44 

44 

44 

44 

44 

44 

44 

44 

k4 

44 

44 

44 

44 


1754,  *88,659  V  *  “Drayton’s  View  of  So. 

1755, ’  96>78 


Ca., 

S.C. 


44 


RICE. 


115 


Barrels.  Bags. 
“  1758  “  «  1759,  51,718 

“  1759  “  “  1760,  60,789  -  -  44 

“  1760 10thOct.l761,  101,359  -  -  74 
“  1761  to  Nov.  1762,  79,642 

“  1762  “  “  1763,  101,059  -  -  44 

“  1763  “  “  1764,  101,842 

“  1764  l4thSep  1765,  107,292 

10th  Oct. 

1768  24th  Aug  1769,  116,715 
1st  Nov. 


1770 10thOct.l771,  130,500 

exported  as  follows. 
To  Great  Britain,  - 

“  Portugal,  - 

“  Spain, . 

“  Italy,  -  - 

“  The  Foreign  West  India  Islands,  - 
“  “  British,  „  „ 

“  Ports  on  this  Continent, 

In  the  year  1770,  from  the  Colonies,  - 
From  the  Carolina  Gazette. 
From  the  Port  of  Charleston,  S.  C., 
From  1st  Nov.  1772  to  2d  August,  1773, 


73,325 
14,439 
1,760 
222 
-  975 

30,305 
9,665 
150,529 


Barrels. 

112,649 


From  12th  Nov.  1773  to  7th  Nov.  1774,  118,482 

From  Beaufort,  same  time,  3,630 

“  Georgetown  “  “  2,964 

Crop  of  1773,  exported.  •  Total.  125,076 
The  foregoing  statements  of  Exports  are  copied  from 
the  Honorable  R.  F.  W,  Allston’s  pamphlet. 

From  the  1st  edition  of  “  Pitkin’s  Statistics  of  the 
United  States,”  we  extract  the  following  account  of  the 
Exports  of  Rice  from  all  the  Colonies  for  the  vear  1770 

Barrels. 

To  Great  Britain,  74,073 

“  South  of  Europe,  36,296 

“  West  Indies,  40,033  and  8,200  bush,  of  .R.R 

“  Africa,  117 


150,529  and  8,200  bushels. 
£340,692.15  £615.9. 


Total, 

Value, 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


116 


In  “  Drayton’s  View  of  South  Carolina,”  it  is  stated, 
there  was  exported  from  the  State  of  South  Carolina 
From  13th  Jan.  1783  to  14th  Nov.  1783, 

23,160  barrels,  and  2,129  half  barrels. 

From  14th  Nov.  1783  to  3d  Dec.  1784, 

58,923  barrels,  and  6,102  half  barrels. 

Also, 44  Exports  from  Charleston,  furnished  the  author 
by  James  Simons,  Esq.,  Collector  of  the  Port  of 


Charleston.” 

1st  Oct.  1789  to 

30th  Sept. 

1790, 

Barrels. 

87,179 

u 

1790 

66 

u 

1791, 

98,044 

a 

1791 

66 

66 

1792, 

102,235 

a 

1792 

66 

66 

1793, 

94,035 

u 

1793 

66 

66 

1794, 

1795, 

69,717 

66 

1794 

66 

66 

85,670 

84,540 

66 

1795 

66 

66 

1796, 

66 

1796 

66 

66 

1797, 

80,837 

66 

1797 

66 

66 

1798, 

74,277 

(( 

1798 

66 

66 

1799, 

70,426 

66 

1799 

66 

66 

1800, 

75,788 

66 

1800 

66 

66 

1801, 

64,769 

It  is  not  stated  whether  these  Exports  were  Foreign 
alone,  or  both  Foreign  and  Coastwise. 

From  1801  to  1819  there  are  no  means  of  ascertain¬ 
ing  the  Exports  of  Rice  from  Charleston,  nor  the  annu¬ 
al  crops ;  to  supply  this  deficiency,  the  Exports  of  Rice 
from  the  United  States  are  given,  as  follows  : 

From  44  Seybertfs  Statistical  Annals  of  the  United 

States .” 


Tierces. 

August  1789  to  30th  Sept.  1790, 

100,845 

1st  October  1790  44 

44  1791, 

73,329 

66 

1791  44 

44  1792, 

141,762 

66 

1792  44 

44  1793, 

134,611 

66 

1793  44 

44  1794, 

55,026 

66 

1794  44 

44  1795, 

138,526 

# 


RICE. 


117 


Tierce  s 

1st- October  1795  to  30th  Sept.  1796,  131,039* 

“  1796  “,  1797,  60.111 


1797  “ 

a 

a 

1798  “ 

a 

a 

1799  “ 

a 

a 

1800  “ 

a 

a 

1801  « 

a 

a 

1802  <c 

a 

a 

1803  “ 

a 

a 

1804  « 

u 

a 

1805  « 

a 

a 

1806  « 

a 

a 

1807  <s 

a 

a 

1808  “ 

a 

a 

1809  « 

a 

a 

1810  « 

u 

a 

1811  « 

u 

a 

1812  <c 

a 

a 

1813  “ 

a 

a 

1814  « 

it 

a 

1815  “ 

a 

a 

1816  « 

a 

1798,  125,243 

1799,  110,599 

1800,  112,056 

1801,  94,866 

1802,  79,822 

1803,  81,838 

1804,  78,385 

1805,  56,830 

1806,  102,627 

1807,  94,692 

1808,  9,228gXo! 

1809,  116,907 

1810,  131,341 

1811,  119,356 

1812,  77,190  )  g 

1813,  120,843  }  * 

1814,  11,476  )  i 

1815,  129,248 

1816,  137,843 

1817,  79,296 


From  “  Pitkin's  Statistics ” — 2nd  Edition. 

“  1817  “  “  1818,  88,181 

“  1818  “  “  1819,  76,523 

From  this  period  we  have  been  enabled  to  make  up 
the  following  close  approximation  to  the  annual  Rice 
Crops  of  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  and  North  Carolina, 
which  is  given  in  preference  to  continuing  the  quota¬ 
tions  of  the  Exports  of  Rice  from  the  United  States. 


16 


118 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON 


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120 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON 


RICE  CROPS. 


121 

In  the  preceding  table,  under  the  Charleston  head, 
the  actual  receipts  are  stated  where  these  have  been 
ascertained,  and  where  the  receipts  were  not  known, 
the  exports  have  been  given  with  an  estimate  for  City 
Consumption,  based  upon  the  known  consumption  of 
the  years  immediately  succeeding,  which  may  be  found 
in  the  detailed  tables  of  Exports  of  Rice  and  Cotton, 
pages  92  and  100. 

For  the  information  from  which  the  Exports  of 
Georgetown  are  estimated,  where  the  actual  exports  are 
not  known,  (and  which  latter  may  be  found  in  the  tables, 
pages  95  and  100)  we  are  indebted  to  E.  W  aterman, 
Esq.  of  Georgetown,  whose  long  familiarity  with  the 
commerce  of  that  port  is  a  guarantee  for  the  accuracy 
of  those  estimates. 

*  In  estimating  the  crops  of  Georgia,  the  actual  ex¬ 
ports  from  Savannah,  for  each  year,  have  been  obtained 
after  much  laborious  research  from  several  authentic 
sources,  with  the  exception  of  the  years  1834-5,1835-6, 
1836-7,  1837-8,  which  could  not  be  ascertained.  For 
these  four  years  an  estimate  has  been  made,  based  upon 
the  known  exports  of  the  preceding  and  succeeding 
years,  an  allowance  having  been  made  for  those  vears 
in  which  the  Crop  was  known  to  be  a  short  one.  The 
estimates  for  the  City  Consumption  of  Savannah,  were 
derived  from  statements  furnished  by  one  of  her  mer¬ 
chants,  long  and  extensively  engaged  in  the  Rice  trade 
of  that  port.  It  will  be  perceived  that  no  allowance 
has  been  made  for  Exports  from  any  other  port  in 
Georgia,  except  Savannah.  This  has  been  done  upon 
the  following  information  obtained  from  a  highly  re¬ 
spectable  Commercial  house  in  Darien,  in  answer  to  a 
letter  of  enquiry  upon  this  subject,  in  which  they  say, 
“  For  several  years  past  no  Rice  has  been  exported  from 
this  place,  or  neighborhood,  to  any  other  ports  than  Sa¬ 
vannah  and  Charleston,  and  we  understand  that  none 


122 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


is  sent  from  St.  Mary’s  or  Satilla  River,  except  to  your 
port  and  Savannah.  Five  or  ten  years  ago  2  or  300 
tierces  went  annually  to  Cuba,  and  occasionally  a  small 
parcel  to  New  York,  but  no  one  has  any  account  of  the 
same.” 

In  the  estimate  of  the  crops  of  North  Carolina,  more 
uncertainty  exists  than  in  that  of  the  other  two  States, 
as  we  have  been  unable  to  obtain  any  of  her  actual  ex¬ 
ports.  As  early  as  May  1831,  twelve  hundred  bushels 
of  Rough  Rice  were  imported  into  Charleston  from 
North  Carolina.  At  that  period,  it  is  believed  that,  no 
mills  for  pounding  Rice  were  erected  in  the  United 
States  except  in  Georgia  and  South  Carolina,  conse¬ 
quently  the  exports  of  Rice  from  North  Carolina,  at 
that  time,  must  have  gone  to  one  or  other  of  those 
States,  and  been  included  in  their  crops.  After  the 
erection  of  the  New  York  Rice  Mills  had  created  a  de¬ 
mand  for  the  Coastwise  exports  of  Rough  Rice  from 
Southern  ports,  it  is  probable  that  North  Carolina  also 
participated  in  that  trade ;  we  have  therefore  selected 
the  period  at  which  the  Exports  of  Rough  Rice  were 
commenced  from  Georgetown,  as  the  most  proper  one 
at  which  to  begin  an  estimate  of  the  exports  from  North 
Carolina.  From  that  date  the  estimate  of  the  crops  of 
North  Carolina  have  been  made  from  the  most  authen¬ 
tic  sources  within  our  reach. 

We  again  repeat,  however,  that  this  table  is  only  an 
approximation, where  actual  Receipts, or  Exports  are  not 
specified,  and  therefore  the  above  full  explanations  have 
been  deemed  advisable.  The  table  has  been  prepared 
with  much  labor,  research  and  reflection,  and  is  offered 
with  diffidence.  But  as  the  subject  of  the  annual 
Rice  Crops  of  the  States  exporting  this  article  is  an  im¬ 
portant  one,  and  has  never  heretofore  been  collected, 
so  far  as  we  have  been  able  to  ascertain,  this  effort  has 
been  made  towards  accomplishing  that  object. 


IMPORTS  OF  GRAIN  AND  HAY. 


123 


IMPORTS  OF  GRAIN  AND  HAY. 


Importations  into  Charleston,  S.  C.,  of  Corn,  Oats, 
Peas  and  Hay  for  15  years,  from  1st  January  to  31st 
December  in  each  year.* 

Compiled  from  manuscripts  politely  furnished  by 
Messrs.  O.  Mills  &;  Co.,  who  have  kept  regular  accounts 
of  the  receipts  of  these  articles  during  a  series  of  years, 

CORN.  OATS.  PEAS.  HAY. 

Bushels.  Bushels.  Bushels.  Bales. 


1834,  447,667 

1835,  376,299 

1836,  390,721 

1837,  393,400 

1838,  456,718 

1839,  342,098 

1840,  322,080 

1841,  375,881 

1842,  350,500 

11843,  169,777 

1844,  287,075 

1845,  368,975 
$1846,  §544,900 

Coastwise,  >  151,365 

By  Rail  Road,  334,761 


Total  1847 1|  486,126 


78,582  22,958  20,621 
50,607  19,785  16,678 

79,818  8,189  23,610 

166,161  13,450  26,600 

152,625  22,879  23,459 
125,244  14,222  24,178 

93,452  18,209  24,638 

71,914  23,586  20,170 
80,070  20,958  20,164 
57,600  23,440  25,272 

81,900  24,275  24,311 
111,485  29,443  29,381 
47,200  29,817  16,116 

38,400  5,150  22,307 


Coastwise,  )  184,390  24,455  12,360  26,527 

By  Rail  Road,  $  201,177 


Total  184811  385,567 

*  In  the  Statistics  of  the  Rail  Road  will  be  found  the  receipts  of  Flour,  Wheat  and  Turpen¬ 
tine  received  through  that  channel,  which  have  not  been  embodied  in  this  table,  as  the  receipts 
of  those  articles,  through  other  channels,  could  not  be  obtained. 

t  The  Grain  crops  of  this  State  were  unusually  abundant  this  year,  and  a  large  proportion  of 
the  receipts  of  Com  in  Charleston,  were  the  product  of  South  Carolina. 

}  Up  to  this  period  no  Com,  of  any  consequence,  was  received  from  the  interior  by  Rail  Road  . 

§  The  Grain  crops  of  this  State  failed  so  entirely  this  year  as  to  produce  much  distress  in  the 
Upper  Districts ;  so  much  so,  that  a  Committee  was  appointed  at  a  public  meeting,  held  in 
Charleston,  to  receive  donations  for  the  relief  of  the  distressed  poorer  classes  in  the  interior.  A 
very  large  proportion  of  the  receipts  of  Cora  went  to  the  Upper  Districts  of  the  State,  to  supply 
the  deficiency  consequent  upon  this  failure  of  the  Crop,  and  much  of  it  for  gratuitous  distribu¬ 
tion. 

||  Of  the  receipts  this  year,  135,225  bushels  of  Com  were  taken  for  Export  to  Europe,  in  conse¬ 
quence  of  the  famine  in  Ireland,  and  the  general  failure  of  the  European  Grain  Crops. 

TT  The  Foreign  Exports  of  Corn  from  Charleston,  this  year,  was  34,453  bushels. 


Cargo  Prices  of  Corn  at  Charleston ,  S ■  C . — Compiled  from  the  Weekly  Courier  Letter  Sheet 

Prices  Current . 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


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IMPORTS 


125 


IMPORTS. 

Imports  into  Charleston,  S.  C.,  of  Wines,  Liquors, 
Sugar,  Molasses,  Coffee,  and  Salt,  from  Foreign  ports 
for  21  years,  and  Coastwise  for  10  years — from  1st 
January  to  31st  December  in  each  year.  Compiled 
from  the  records  at  the  Custom  House. 


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126 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON 


SUGARS. 


Cc 

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Boxes. 

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Barrels. 

t—  ^O  00  CO  i— •  CM  05  CO  ^F  05 
CO  05  (M  CM  I"  CM  00  o  co  r~ 
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©"5 

as  7i 


*  In  the  Coastwise  Manifests,  the  weight  is  not  specified.  It  was  also  found  impossible  to  give  the  Brown  and  White  Sugars  of  the  Coast- 
importations  separate,  as  they  were  not  always  distinguished  in  the  Manifests ;  the  boxes,  therefore,  under  the  u  Coastwise  and  Total” 
s  are  not  to  be  considered  as  being  all  White  Sugars. 


IMPORTS. 


127 


Imp  o  rts — continued . 


MOLASSES. 


FOREIGN. 

COASTWISE.* 

TOTAL. 

Gallon. 

Reduced 
to  khd.  of 
120  gal. 
net. 

Hhd 

Tierc’s 

Barrels. 

Ilhds. 

Tierces. 

Barrels. 

1828 

1829 

1830 

1831 

1832 

1833 

1834 

1835 

1836 

1837 

1838 

1839 

469,323 

430,412 

173,685 

166,147 

756,712 

241,129 

488,167 

319,911 

594,528 

440,410 

304,189 

436,043 

3,911 

3,587 

1,447 

1,384 

6,306 

2,009 

4,068 

2,666 

4,954 

3,670 

2,535 

3,634 

666 

383 

2,714 

1 

' 

4,300 

383 

2,714 

1840 

377,001 

3,142 

123 

402 

5,193 

3,265 

402 

5,193 

1841 

278,690 

2,322 

264 

97 

5,777 

2,586 

97 

5,777 

1842 

409,852 

3,415 

1 

144 

5,055 

3,416 

144 

5,055 

1843 

3,109,024 

25,908 

85 

25 

5,266 

25,993 

25 

5,266 

1844 

5,158,154 

42,985 

1 

4 

6,869 

42,986 

4 

6,869 

1845 

1,806,392 

15,053 

65 

408 

7,842 

15,118 

408 

7,842 

1846 

491,193 

4,093 

110 

14 

5,580 

4,203 

14 

5,580 

1847 

778,058 

6,484 

5 

2 

4,845 

6,489 

2 

4,845 

1848 

543,291 

4,528 

297 

44 

6,096 

4,825 

44 

6,096 

*  In  the  Coastwise  imports  the  gallons  are  not  specified  in  the  Manifests. 


COFFEE. 


FOREIGN. 

*COASTWISE. 

TOTAL. 

Pounds. 

Reduced 
to  bags  of 
160  lbs. 
net. 

Bags. 

Ilhds. 

Barrels 

Bags. 

Hhds. 

Barrels. 

1828 

1829 

1830 

1831 

1832 

1833 

1834 

1835 

1836 

1837 

1838 

1839 

829,767 

971,325 

1,510,861 

1,762,320 

2,893,839 

2,008,646 

2,045,028 

2,138,666 

2,772,394 

3,236,570 

3,977,104 

2,580,664 

5,186 

6,071 

9,443 

11,014 

18,087 

12,554 

12,781 

13,367 

17,327 

20,228 

24,857 

16,129 

11,496 

40 

104 

1 

27,625 

40 

104 

1840 

2,545,322 

15,908 

6,129 

3 

175 

22,037 

3 

175 

1841 

1,551,609 

9,697 

20,036 

10 

244 

29,733 

10 

244 

1842 

3,289,064 

20,556 

8,665 

1 

21, 

29,221 

1 

21 

1843 

2,619,465 

16,372 

17,885 

1 

1 

34,257 

1 

1 

1844 

2,257,860 

14,112 

18,905 

18 

37 

33,017 

18 

37 

1845 

471,095 

2,944 

13,531 

7 

13 

16,475 

7 

13 

1846 

1,086,328 

6,789 

21,710 

2 

8 

28,499 

2 

8 

1847 

1,542,342 

9,639 

18,533 

14 

19 

28,172 

14 

19 

1848 

2,755,186 

17,220 

12,874 

23 

24 

30,094 

23 

24 

*  The  Coastwise  packages  are  taken  from  the  Manifests,  in  which  the  weights  are  specified. 

128 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON 


Imp  o  rts — continued . 


SALT. 


FOREIGN. 

COASTWISE. 

TOTAL. 

LIVERPOOL, 

Cadiz, 

LIVER- 

Cadiz, 

LIVERPOOL. 

Cadiz. 

Turks  Is- 

POOL. 

Turks  Is- 

Turks  Island 

Bushels 

^Reduc’d 

land,  and 

land  and 

and  other 

of  56  lbs. 

to  Sacks. 

other 
bulk  Salt. 

Sacks. 

other 
bulk  Salt. 

Sacks. 

Bulk  Salt. 

Bushels. 

Bushels. 

Bushels. 

1828 

254,381 

67,835 

42,051 

1829 

317,745 

84,732 

58,618 

1830 

321,962 

85,856 

26,550 

1831 

290,316 

77,418 

51,480 

1832 

341,372 

91,032 

45,322 

1833 

323,134 

86,169 

20,191 

1834 

358,489 

95,579 

32,270 

1835 

227,650 

60,707 

40,077 

1836 

298,994 

79,732 

21,475 

1837 

278,623 

74,300 

21,092 

1838 

345,383 

92,102 

47,524 

1839 

315,882 

84,235 

37,779 

3,320 

18,660 

87,555 

56,439 

1840 

380,636 

101,503 

64,625 

5,018 

4,500 

106,521 

69,125 

1841 

196,990 

52,531 

26,859 

500 

- 

53,031 

26,859 

1842 

327,034 

87,209 

46,327 

403 

- 

87,612 

46,327 

1843 

338,332 

90,222 

58,182 

870 

1,138 

91,092 

59,320 

1844 

358,373 

95,566 

7,111 

3,127 

- 

98,693 

7,111 

1845 

399,432 

106,515 

60,256 

5,718 

- 

112,233 

60,256 

1846 

214,539 

57,210 

1,181 

4,065 

3,500 

61,275 

4,681 

1847 

303,053 

80,814 

22,796 

630 

- 

81,444 

22,796 

1848 

448,232 

119,528 

13,439 

3,729 

200 

123,257 

13,639 

*  These  Sacks  are  the  exact  number  imported,  the  calculation  having  been  adopted  by 
which  the  invoice  is  reduced  to  bushels  of  50  lbs.,  at  the  Custom  House. 


IMPORTS  AND  EXPORTS. 


1*29 


Trade  between  Great  Britain  and  the  13  Colonics , 
showing  the  Imports  and  Exports — Compiled  from 
* Hazard's  Commercial  and  Statistical  Register. 

—  ■  -  -  o  _ _ 


Year. 

SOUTH  CAROLINA. 

ALL  THE  OTHER  COLONIES. 

£ 

Exports. 

£ 

Imports. 

£ 

Exports. 

£ 

Imports. 

1697 

-  - 

- 

12,374 

5,289 

267,478 

134,840 

1698 

-  - 

- 

9,265 

18,462 

216,790 

439,635 

1699 

-  - 

- 

12,372 

11,401 

243,070 

392,213 

1700 

-  - 

- 

14,058 

11,003 

380,963 

333,338 

1701 

-  - 

- 

16,973 

13,908 

292,161 

329,918 

1702 

-  - 

- 

11,870 

10,460 

323,918 

176,349 

1703 

-  - 

- 

13,197 

12,428 

191,098 

283,782 

1704 

-  - 

- 

14,067 

6,621 

307,905 

169,467 

1705 

-  - 

- 

2,698 

19,788 

148,263 

271.934 

1706 

-  - 

- 

8,652 

4,001 

178,421 

157,690 

1707 

-  - 

- 

23,311 

10,492 

261,487 

402,752 

1708 

-  - 

- 

10,340 

11,996 

276,095 

228,188 

1709 

-  - 

- 

20,431 

28,521 

304,103 

241,075 

1710 

-  - 

- 

20,793 

19,613 

229,020 

274,046 

1711 

-  - 

- 

12,871 

20,406 

311,827 

277,220 

1712 

-  - 

- 

29,394 

20,015 

336,577 

289,676 

1713 

- 

- 

32,449 

23,967 

270,773 

260,589 

1714 

-  - 

- 

31,290 

23,712 

364,484 

309,731 

1715 

-  - 

- 

29,158 

16,631 

268,088 

435,735 

1716 

-  - 

- 

46,287 

27,272 

378,102 

374,770 

1717 

- 

- 

41,275 

25,058 

384,815 

414,608 

1718 

- 

- 

46,385 

15,841 

411,086 

409,492 

1719 

- 

- 

50,373 

19,630 

402,681 

373,370 

1720 

- 

- 

62,736 

18,290 

405,452 

301,414 

1721 

- 

- 

61,858 

17,703 

432,013 

314,202 

1722 

-  - 

- 

79,650 

34,374 

358,046 

390,351 

1723 

- 

- 

78,103 

42,246 

383,660 

369,324 

1724 

- 

- 

90,504 

37,839 

372,177 

423,745 

1725 

-  - 

- 

91,942 

39,182 

323,708 

510,511 

1726 

-  - 

- 

93,453 

43,934 

432,850 

529,363 

1727 

-  - 

- 

96,055 

23,254 

541,080 

479,673 

f  1728 

-  - 

- 

91,175 

33,067 

514,149 

484,794 

1729 

- 

- 

113,329 

58,366 

461,953 

364,592 

1730 

- 

- 

151,739  - 

64,785 

420,846 

472,075 

1731 

- 

- 

159,771 

71,145 

491,092 

465,121 

1732 

- 

- 

126,207 

58,298 

392,829 

472,955 

1733 

-  - 

- 

177,845 

70,466 

491,786 

478,424 

1734 

- 

- 

120,466 

99,658 

490,884 

456,617 

1735 

- 

- 

145,348 

117,837 

511,978 

550,827 

1736 

- 

- 

214,083 

101,147 

485,681 

576,477 

1737 

- 

- 

187,758 

58,986 

587,624 

623,448 

1738 

- 

- 

141,119 

87,793 

479,093 

*  663,477 

1739 

- 

- 

236,192 

94,445 

518,084 

601,424 

1740 

- 

- 

265,560 

181,821 

451,856 

631,561 

1741 

- 

- 

236,830 

224,270 

675,461 

680,722 

1742 

- 

- 

154,607 

127,063 

504,620 

672,989 

1743 

- 

- 

235,136 

111,499 

645,671 

716,774 

1744 

- 

- 

192,594 

79,141 

474,930 

561,746 

1745 

-  - 

- 

91,847 

86,815 

462,584 

448,438 

*  The  original  Tables  in  Hazard’s  Commercial  and  Statistical  Register,  were  compiled  from 
Witworth’s  “Trade  of  Great  Britain,”  McPherson’s  “Annals of  Commerce,”  and  Anderson’s 
“History  of  Commerce.” 

t  The  Colonies  of  North  and  South  Carolina  were  divided  into  seperate  governments  in 

this  year. 


130 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


L 


mports  and  Exports — continued. 


Years. 


SOUTH  CAROLINA. 


ALL  THE  OTHER  COLONIES. 


_ _ _ Exports. 

1746  -  -  ~ 

1747  -  - 

1748  -  - 

1749  -  - 

1750  -  - 

1751  -  - 

1752  -  - 

1753  -  . 

1754  -  . 

1755  -  - 

1756  -  - 

1757  -  - 

1758  -  . 

1759  -  - 

1760  -  . 

1761  -  - 

1762  -  . 

1763  -  - 

1764  -  . 

1765  -  - 

1766  -  - 

1767  -  . 

1768  -  . 

1769  -  . 

1770  -  . 

1771  -  . 

1772  -  . 

1773  -  - 

1774  -  - 

1775  -  - 

1776  -  - 


Imports. 

Exports. 

Exports. 

102,809 

482,603 

653,117 

95,529 

553,214 

631,140 

160,172 

549,321 

670,261 

164,085 

513,025 

1,071,301 

134,037 

623,159 

1,180,046 

138,244 

589,960 

1,094,924 

150,777 

715,918 

997,350 

213,009 

798,107 

1,239,935 

149,215 

700,521 

1,027,064 

187,887 

614,029 

925,110 

181,780 

436,437 

1,170,398 

213,949 

479,795 

1,314,399 

181,002 

520,209 

1,531,885 

215,255 

433,375 

2,130,198 

218,131 

598,330 

2,393,633 

254,587 

594,890 

1,397,491 

194,170 

560,937 

1,183,990 

250,132 

823,804 

1,381,865 

305,808 

768,945 

1,945,102 

334,709 

765,780 

1,609,405 

296,732 

750,371 

1,507,601 

244,093 

701,052 

1,656,830 

289,868 

743,346 

1,867,380 

306,600 

673,092 

1,029,519 

146,273 

736,628 

1,779,298 

409,169 

919,529 

3,793,333 

449,610 

832,592 

2,563,025 

344,859 

912,716 

1,634,553 

378,116 

941,544 

2,212,321 

6,245 

1,341,701 

189,917 

90,296 

55,415 

76,897 
.  107,500 

167,305 
120,499 
191,607 
245,491 
288,264 
164,634 
307,238 
325,525 
222,915 
130,889 
150,511 
206,534 
162,769 
253,002 
181,695 
282,366 
341,727 
385,918 
293,587 
395,027 
508,108 
387,114 
278,907 
420,311 
425,923 
456,513 
432,302 
579,349 
13,668 


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136 


CENSUS  OP  CHARLESTON. 


SLAVE  TRADE. 

The  following  Statistics  of  the  Slave  Trade  at 
Charleston  from  1804  to  1807,  are  taken  from  the 
speech  of  the  Hon.  Judge  Smith,  Senator  from  South 
Carolina,  delivered  in  the  Senate  of  the  United  States 
on  8th  December,  1820. 

“  In  the  year  1804,  the  ports  of  South  Carolina,  by 
an  act  of  its  Legislature,  under  the  permission  of  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States,  were  opened  for  the 
importations  of  Africans.  They  remained  open  four 
years.  During  that  time  there  were  two  hundred  and 
two  vessels  entered  the  port  of  Charleston,  with  African 
slaves.”  ************* 

*****  «  He  wrote  to  a  friend  in  Charleston,  to  apply 
to  the  Custom  House  Officers  for  a  full  statement  of  all 
the  ships  engaged  in  that  trade  during  the  four  years. 

*********  jn  answer  tQ  His  request,  he  had  received 
from  the  Custom  House  books,  from  the  hand  of  the 
Collector,  the  following  authentic  documents.” 

1804. 

Where  owned.  Country  of  the  Proprietor 

of  the  Cargo. 

Charleston,  -  -  New  England. 

British,  -  -  Scotland. 

44  Rhode  Island. 

Charleston,  -  .  Great  Britain. 

Rhode  Island,  -  Ireland. 

British,  -  -  Great  Britain* 

Charleston,  -  “ 

French,  -  -  “ 

Rhode  Island,  -  “ 

Charleston,  -  “ 

«  a 

British,  -  -  “ 

Rhode  Island,  “ 

British,  -  “ 

Charleston,  -  .  New  England, 

British,  -  .  Great  Britain, 

“  a 

Charleston,  -  .  “ 

Norfolk,  -  -  « 


Veisels. 

Aurora, 

Ann, 

Easter, 

Brilliant, 

Armed  Neutrality, 
Argo, 

Thomas,  - 
Horizon, 

Harriot, 

Eliza, 

Alexander, 

Francis, 

Christopher, 

Favorite, 

M’Lespine, 

Susanna, 

Active, 

Hamilton, 

Ruby, 

Mary, 


SLAVE  TRADE. 


1 


Vessel. 

Perseverance, 

Kitty, 

Lupin, 

Mary  Huntley, 
Gov.  Wentworth, 
Experiment, 
Eagle, 

Neptune, 

Fanny,  - 
Thomas, 

Nile, 

Recourse, 
Isabella,  - 
Armed  Neutraity, 
Susanna, 

Love  &  Unity, 
Jack  Park, 
Manning, 

Juliet, 

Margaret, 

Louisiana, 

Ariel, 

Estor,  - 
Margaret,  - 
Hiram,  - 
Louisiana,  - 
Maria, 

Hambleton,  - 
Rambler,  * 
William, 


Ariel, 

Mary,  - 
Daphna, 

Carie, 

America, 

Davis,  - 
Lydia, 

Dudton, 

Amazon,  - 
Fair  American, 
Miller, 

Edward  &  Edmund, 
Factor, 

Louisa, 

Commerce,  - 
Gustavus,  - 


1805. 

Where  owned. 

British, 

Charleston, 

British, 

a 

a 

a 

Rhode  Island, 

u 

British,  - 

Charleston,  - 
u 

British,  - 

a 

Charleston, 

a 

British, 

u 

it 

• 

Rhode  Island,  - 
British, 

Rhode  Island,  - 
British, 

a 

k 

Rhode  Island,  - 
British, 

a 

Rhode  Island,  - 
British, 

1806. 

British* 

a  '  . 

Charleston, 

British, 

(• 

Charleston* 

a 

British, 

Charleston, 

u 

a 

Rhode  Island,  - 

a 

it 

Swede, 


Country  of  the  Proprietor 
of  the  Cargo. 

Great  Britain. 
Charleston. 

Rhode  Island. 

Great  Britain. 

<« 

a 

Rhode  Island. 
a 

Great  Britain. 

<« 

a 

a 

n 

a 

u 

Rhode  Island. 
Great  Britain. 

a 

Rhode  Island. 
Great  Britain. 
Rhode  Island. 
Great  Britain. 

a 

a 

Rhode  Island. 

« 

Great  Britain. 

a 

Rhode  Island. 
Great  Britain. 


Great  Britain. 

a 

ii 

ii 

ii 

ii 

New  Jersey. 
Great  Britain. 

a 

Rhode  Island. 
Ireland. 

Great  Britain. 
Rhode  Island, 

a 

a 

Charleston. 


138 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Vessel. 

Neptune, 

Robert, 

Polly,  -  - 

Hiram, 

Samuel, 

Love  &  Unity,  - 
Three  Sisters, 
Hector, 

Ruby,  - 
Farmer, 

Maria, 

Ceres, 

Independence, 

Hibernia, 

Alert, 

Agent,  - 
Mary, 

Three  Friends, 

Fair  Eliza,  - 
Fox, 

Kitty, 

Hope, 

Hope, 

Nantasket, 

John  Watson, 

Gov.  Dodsworth,  - 
Mary  Ann, 

Diana, 

Davenport, 

Corydon, 

Kate, 

Mercury, 

Union, 

Washington, 

Louisa,  - 
Nicholson,  - 
Edward  &  Edmund, 
Mercury, 

Little  Ann. 

Margaret,  - 


Katy, 
James,  - 
Eliza, 
Cleopatra, 
Union, 
Tartar,  - 
Maria, 
James,  * 


Whore  owned. 

Rhode  Island, 
British, 

Rhode  Island, 

it 

British,  - 

u 

Rhode  Island, 

British, 

Cnarleston, 

a 

■  Rhode  Island, 
British, 
Baltimore, 
British, 

a 

Rhode  Island, 

Charleston, 

British, 

Rhode  Island, 

■  Charleston, 

Rhode  Island, 
Charleston, 

it 

British, 

a 

ii 

it 

it 

ii 

it 

Charleston,  - 
-  British, 

Rhode  Island, 

n 

British,  - 
Charleston,  - 
British, 

•  Rhode  Island, 
British,  - 

1807. 

Charleston, 

British, 

Charleston, 

n 

Rhode  Island, 

British, 

a 

Baltimore,  - 


Country  of  the  Proprietor 
of  the  Cargo. 

-  Rhode  Island, 
Great  Britain. 
Rhode  Island. 

a 

-  New  Jersey. 

Rhode  Island. 

a 

Great  Britain. 

(t 

a 

Rhode  Island. 
Great  Britain. 
Rhode  Island. 

Great  Britain. 

a 

-  Rhode  Island. 

Great  Britain. 

a 

a 

Rhode  Island. 
Charleston. 

Rhode  Island. 
Ireland. 

Great  Britain. 

n 

a 

u 

a 

New  Jersey. 

Great  Britain. 

tt 

* 

a 

a 

u 

Rhode  Island. 

Great  Britain. 

a 

a 

Charleston. 

Great  Britain. 


Great  Britain. 

tt 

Rhode  Island. 
Great  Britain. 
Rhode  Islaad. 
Great  Britain. 

u 

Massachusetts. 


SLAVE  TRADE. 


139 


Vessel. 

Mary, 

Aspinal,  - 
James, 

Norfolk,  • 
Fourth  of  July, 
Dudder, 

Habit, 

Agent, 

Eliza, 

Ann,  - 
Ellis, 

Andromache, 

Gov.  Clairborne, 
Hiram, 
Semiramis, 
Neptune, 

Nancy,  - 

Minerva, 

Columbia, 

Factor, 

Lavinia, 

Leander,  - 
Daphney, 

Vulture, 

Africa,  - 
Three  Friends, 
Eliza, 

Lark,  - 
Alfred, 

Louisa,  - 
Hiram, 

Concord, 
Friendship,  - 
Flora, 

Ann  &  Harriot, 
Monticello, 
Amazon,  - 
Baltimore,  - 
Juliet, 

Miriam, 

Heron,  - 
Ruby, 

Three  Sisters,  - 
Betsy  &  Sally, 
Armed  Neutrality, 
Anna, 

John, 

Nantasket,  - 
Gov.  Clinton,  - 
Eagle, 


Where  owned. 

British,  - 
« 

m 

Rhode  Island,  - 

Charleston, 

British,  - 
“ 

French,  - 
Rhode  Island, 
Charleston, 
British, 

u 

Rhode  Island, 

a  _ 

♦ 

u 

a 

u 

Charleston,  - 
Rhode  Island,  - 

a 

Charleston,  - 

u 

Rhode  Island,  - 
British, 

Rhode  Island, 

u  _ 

u 

Charleston, 

Rhode  Island, 

a  „ 

tt 

u 

a  -  _ 

“  .  ' 

British,  - 

Rhode  Island, 
a 

British, 

Connecticut,  t 
Charleston, 
Rhode  Island, 

U 

Charleston, 

u 

British,  - 

Charleston, 

a 

Rhode  Island, 


Country  of  the  Proprietor 
of  the  Cargo. 

Rhode  Island. 

Great  Britain. 
Charleston. 

Ireland. 

Charleston. 

Great  Britain. 
France. 

Rhode  Island. 

Great  Britain. 

u 

a 

Rhode  Island. 
France. 

Rhode  Island. 

it 

u 

ii 

France. 

Rhode  Island. 

<< 

u 

it 

Great  Britain. 
Rhode  Island. 

Great  Britain. 

u 

Rhode  Island. 

« 

u 

Great  Britain. 

Rhode  Island. 

u 

it 

it 

%i 

u 

Great  Britain. 
Rhode  Island. 

a 

France. 

Ireland. 

Great  Britain. 

Rhode  Island. 

*  a 

Great  Britain. 
France. 

Great  Britain. 

(< 

France. 

Rhode  Island, 


140 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Vessel.  Where  owned.  Country  of  the  Proprietor 

of  the  Cargo. 


Port  Mary, 

Charleston, 

- 

Great  Britain. 

Eliza, 

- 

Charleston. 

Mary, 

Rhode  Island, 

- 

Rhode  Island. 

Eagle, 

a 

- 

a 

Actor,  - 

Charleston, 

- 

Ireland. 

Hanna  Bartlet,  -  - 

Charleston, 

■- 

Rhode  Island. 

Mary,  - 

44 

- 

a 

Edward  &  Edmund, 

a 

- 

a 

Charleston, 

a 

- 

Great  Britain. 

Experience, 

Boston, 

- 

Rhode  Island. 

Rambler, 

Rhode  Island, 

- 

.  44 

Eliza,  - 

British, 

- 

it 

Cleopatra,  - 

Charleston, 

- 

Great  Britain. 

Hope,  - 

Rhode  Island, 

- 

Rhode  Island. 

Charlotte,  - 

u 

m 

9 

44 

Albert,  - 

Charleston, 

m  m 

South  Carolina. 

Commerce,  - 

Rhode  Island, 

- 

Rhode  Island. 

Hope, 

Charleston,  - 

- 

Massachusetts. 

Wealthy  Ann, 

- 

Rhode  Island. 

Columbia, 

Rhode  Island, 

m  • 

44 

Angenora,  - 

‘4 

- 

4. 

Mercury, 

British,  - 
Charleston, 

m 

Ireland. 

Venus, 

- 

Rhode  Island. 

Agent,  - 

<4 

m 

France. 

Gen.  Clairborne,  - 

a 

- 

44 

James, 

Rhode  Island, 

a1 

Rhode  Island. 

Resolution, 

Charleston, 

- 

Great  Britain. 

William  &  Mary, 

a 

- 

44 

Caroline, 

French, 

a 

France. 

Polly, 

Jupiter,  - 

Charleston, 

- 

Charleston. 

Norfolk, 

a 

Great  Britain. 

Heart  of  Oak, 

Baltimore,  - 

m 

Rhode  Island. 

Horizon, 

British,  - 

- 

44 

Mary  Ann, 

Charleston,  - 

- 

44 

Mary  Ann,  - 
Rio, 

Sally, 

Baltimore, 

Charleston, 

- 

Charleston. 

44  _ 

m 

44 

The  particulars 

above  are 

given  according  to  the 

printed  copy,  in  which  there  appear 

to  have  been  some 

few  typographical 

errors. — [Note  by  Compiler . 

siAn  wade* 


141 


RECAPITULATION* 

Of  the  African  Trade,  and  by  what  nations  supported, 
from  1st  January,  1804,  to  31st  December,  1807. 


Vessels  belonging  to 
Charleston,  -  61 

Rhode  Island,  -  59 

Baltimore,  -  4 

Boston,  -  1 

Norfolk,  *  2 

Connecticut,  •  1 

Sweden,  -  -  l 

Britain,  -  -  70 

France,  3 


Consignees  * 

Natives  of  Charleston,  13 
“  Rhode  Island, 88 


<c 


«( 


“  Britain, 
“  France, 


Total, 


91 

10 

202 


Total,  -  202 

Whole  number  of  Slaves  imported,  and  the  particu¬ 
lar  number  imported  by  each  foreign  nation,  and  each 
of  the  United  States  (into  Charleston.) 

British,  ...  *19,649 

French,  -  -  .  *i,078 - 21,027 

In  American  Vessels . 

Charleston,  South  Carolina, 

Belonging  to  Foreigners, 

Imported  by  Merchants  and 
Planters  of  Charleston  and 
vicinity, 

Bristol,  3,914) 


5,717 


2,006—7,723 


Newport,  3,488!  ™  ,  T  .  _  o 

Providence,  556  Rhode  Island,  8,238 

"Tr  280  J 


Warren, 

Baltimore, 

Savannah, 

Norfolk, 

Hartford, 

Boston, 

Philadelphia, 

New  Orleans, 

Tota,»  ....  39,075 

a  typographical  error  of  300  In  one  of  the9e  two  amounts  in  the  original  Dam* 
ffii  it«»lton.We  baV8  “0t  Mt  ftuUwi8®d  t0  glUr> **  »  wm  dotthtful  to  wfcicfe  mm  tt  £afc» 

19 


750 

300 

287 

250 

200 

200 

100  18,048 


> 


14-2  CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 

“Here,  Sir,  ends  the  black  catalogue.  It  would 
“shew  to  the  Senate,  that  those  people  who  most  de¬ 
precate  the  evils  of  slavery  and  traffic  in  human  flesh, 
“when  a  profitable  market  can  be  found,  can  sell  hu- 
“man  flesh  with  as  easy  a  conscience  as  they  sell  other 
“articles.  The  whole  number  imported  by  the  Mer¬ 
chants  and  Planters  of  Charleston  and  its  vicinity, 

“were  only  two  thousand  and  six.  Nor  were  the  slaves 

•/ 

“imported  by  the  Foreigners,  and  other  American  ves¬ 
sels  and  owners,  sold  to  the  Carolinians,  only  in  part. 
“They  were  sold  to  the  people  of  the  W estern  States, 
“Georgia,  New  Orleans,  and  a  considerable  quantity 
“were  sent  to  the  West  Indies;  especially  wdien  the 
“market  became  dull  in  Carolina.” 

NOTE  BY  THE  COMPILER. 

It  would  appear  from  the  foregoing,  that  of  these 
importations  of  Slaves  into  Charleston,  there  were  im¬ 
ported 

By  natives  of  Countries  ^  Foreigners,  21,027 
and  places  now  repudi-  >  Citizens  of 
ating  slavery.  y  U.  States,  14,605 — 35,632 

By  citizens  of  the  Slave-holding  States,  3,443 

Total,  39,075 

Judge  Smith’s  speech  also  contains  much  matter  upon 
the  constitutional  admission  of  the  institution  of  Slavery 
by  the  Federal  Constitution,  and  also  by  the  Constitu¬ 
tions  of  many  of  the  now  non-slave-holding  States, 
which  is  worthy  of  revival. 


TRADE  OF  CHARLESTON. 


143 


TRADE  OF  CHARLESTON. 

In  closing  the  foregoing  tables,  the  enquiry  naturally 
presents  itself,  what  has  been,  and  what  is  now  the  po¬ 
sition  occupied  by  the  trade  of  Charleston? 

In  examining  the  tables  showing  the  value  of  Foreign 
importations,  we  cannot  flatter  ourselves  that  this  par¬ 
ticular  branch  ol  our  Commerce  is  an  improving  one, 
although  it  is  believed  there  is  no  just  ground  for  dis¬ 
couragement. 

It  is  not  designed  here  to  enter  upon  the  discussion 
of  the  merits  of  a  direct  trade  over  Coastwise  impor¬ 
tations,  but  simply  to  show  that  the  Import  trade  of 
Charleston  is  an  increasing  one.  With  this  point  in 
view,  the  consideration  is,  what  principal  articles  of 
Commerce,  not  produced  by  ourselves,  are  wanted? 
and,  are  those  articles  mainly  the  domestic  production 
of  the  United  States,  or,  of  Foreign  produce? 

In  the  articles  of  cured  provisions  and  meats,  there  is 
no  room  for  improvement  in  a  Foreign  trade,  for  the 
United  States  are  large  producers  beyond  the  wants  of 
the  home  market.  In  Flour  and  Breadstufls,  the 
United  States  are  large  exporters,  and  our  supply  is 
naturally  derived  from  the  abundance  at  home.  In 
Groceries,  the  leading  articles  given  in  the  foregoing 
tables  exhibit ;  that  in  the  imports  of  Wines  and  Liquors 
the  Foreign  trade  of  Charleston  has  decreased,  with  an 
increase  in  the  Coastwise  trade.  In  Sugars  and  Mo¬ 
lasses,  both  the  Foreign  and  Coastwise  trade  has  in¬ 
creased.  In  Salt,  the  Foreign  trade  has  increased, 
whilst  the  Coastwise  trade  in  the  article  never  has  been 
an  item  of  any  consequence.  In  Coffee,  it  will  be  seen 
that  in  both  the  Foreign  and  Coastwise  imports,  the 
trade  has  been  a  fluctuating  one,  with  an  increase  in  the 
Foreign  trade  in  the  last  few  years,  and  also  an  increase 


144 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


in  the  aggregate  imports  in  the  same  time.  If  the  arti¬ 
cle  of  Fuel  is  considered,  much  of  the  supply  needed  in 
Charleston,  which  was  formerly  of  Foreign  import,  is 
now  drawn  from  the  Coal  mines  of  Pennsylvania,  If 
manufactures  of  Cotton  are  taken,  there  is  no  room  for 
improvement  in  a  Foreign  trade,  for  the  Cotton  manu¬ 
factures  of  the  United  States  have  competed  success¬ 
fully  with  Foreign  manufactures  all  over  the  world,  and 
that  the  bulk  of  the  imports  into  Charleston  of  this  de¬ 
scription  of  goods  should  be  of  American  manufacture 
is  not  surprising ;  besides  that  the  Factories  of  Georgia 
and  South  Carolina  have  not  only  supplied  this  market 
with  Cotton  Osnaburgs  and  goods  of  that  description 
to  the  extent  of  its  wants,  but  have  also  furnished  large 
quantities  for  Coastwise,  and  some  for  Foreign  export 
through  this  port ;  in  this  description  of  goods  this  mar¬ 
ket  is  monopolized  by  the  Southern  Factories.  In 
Hardware  and  Cutlery — the  manufactures  of  Axes  and 
Cutlery  of  that  description,  in  the  United  States,  have 
improved  to  such  an  extent,  as  entirely  to  have  superce¬ 
ded  Foreign  importations,  and  our  supply  is  drawn 
from  this  source  ;  in  other  articles  under  this  head,  we 
are  informed  by  those  engaged  in  this  department  of 
business,  that  the  Foreign  importations  into  Charleston 
have  undergone  considerable  improvement.  In  manu¬ 
factures  of  wood,  a  Foreign  trade  could  scarcely  have 
been  expected  to  sustain  a  competition  with  the  domes¬ 
tic  manufactures  of  a  forrest  country,  abounding  with 
almost  every  variety  of  lumber  wanted  for  the  manu¬ 
facture  of  the  various  utensils  and  purposes  to  which 
wood  is  applied.  In  manufactures  of  Hemp,  which 
were  formerly  of  extensive  importations  into  Charleston 
from  abroad,  the  Cotton  bagging  of  Kentucky  and 
Western  manufactures  has  almost  superceded  Foreign 
importations,  except  for  the  finer  goods  used  in  packing 


TRADE  OF  CHARLETON. 


145 


the  Sea  Island  Cotton;  the  Rope  walks  of  the  United 
States  have  also  become  the  source  of  supply  for  the 
largest  portion  of  our  wants.  In  articles  of  woollen 
manufacture,  we  have  not  the  materials  by  which  a  com¬ 
parison  of  our  Foreign  trade  can  be  made,  but  it  is  a 
well  established  fact,  that  the  mixed  wool  and  cotton 
goods  of  both  Northern  and  Southern  manufacture, 
have  to  a  considerable  extent  taken  the  place  of  the 
coarse  woollen  goods,  which  were  formerly  largely  im¬ 
ported  from  foreign  countries  as  articles  of  clothing  for 
the  field  laborers  of  our  own  and  adjoining  States,  which 
were  supplied  through  this  market.  The  Northern 
woollen  factories  are  also  now  supplying  this  market,  to 
some  extent,  with  coarser  goods,  manufactured  from  the 
wool  imported  from  South  America,  and  with  some  finer 
goods  from  the  wool  of  the  North  Western  States. 
In  silk  and  other  foreign  articles  of  necessity  or  luxury, 
we  are  again  deficient  in  the  materials  for  comparison, 
but  tho  increased  selection  of  these  commodities  now 
afforded  by  our  merchants,  will  have  attracted  the  atten¬ 
tion  of  the  most  common  observer. 

It  is  much  to  be  regretted  that  the  value  of  the  coast¬ 
wise  imports  into  Charleston  cannot  be  ascertained; 
but  that  there  has  been  much  improvement  in  this  re¬ 
spect,  will  appear  from  the  consideration  of  many  evi¬ 
dences  around  us,  some  of  which  will  be  enumerated. 
Within  three  years,  four  Steam  Ships  have  been  placed 
in  the  coasting  trade,  and  are  well  supported;  besides 
that,  three  or  more  are  now  building,  and  will,  ere  long, 
be  added  to  them :  the  employment  of  seventy  vessels, 
with  an  aggregate  of  over  20,000  tons,  as  regular  trad¬ 
ers  in  the  coastwise  trade  with  the  seaports  of  the 
other  States,  and  during  the  business  season,  the  ed- 
mands  of  this  trade  constantly  call  for  the  additional 
employment  of  transient  vessels  also:  the  increased 


146 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


total  arrivals  at  this  port  of  shipping  exhibited  in  the 
foregoing  tables  of  monthly  arrivals :  the  increased  bu¬ 
siness  of  the  wholesale  dry  goods  and  provision  mer¬ 
chants,  which  has  been  a  subject  of  common  remark : 
the  published  statistics  of  the  Rail  Road  (the  outlet  for 
a  considerable  portion  of  the  imports  into  the  city,) 
show,  that  with  reduced  rates  of  freight,  their  carrying 
trade  upwards  is  a  growing  one,  which  is  dependent 
mainly  upon  the  increased  importations  of  the  city.  In 
examining  the  coastwise  manifests  at  the  Custom  House, 
for  10  years,  to  obtain  the  particulars  given  under  that 
head  in  the  tables  ot  imports  of  Wine,  Liquors,  Sugars, 
&c.  dec.,  these  manifests  were  found  to  have  increased 
very  considerably  in  the  quantity  and  variety  of  the 
merchandise  brought  to  this  port:  the  increase  in  this 
particular  was  strikingly  marked. 

But  let  the  imports  into  Charleston  come  from  what 
source  they  may,  they  must  be  regulated  by  the  means 
we  have  of  returning  their  Value,  and  for  this  purpose 
the  main  dependence  is  upon  the  Receipts  of  Cotton 
and  Rice.  If  those  receipts  diminish,  it  will  affect  our 
imports ;  if  those  receipts  increase,  the  universal  course 
of  trade  will  increase  our  imports  to  supply  whatever 
section  of  country  we  are  indebted  to  for  those  receipts. 
It  remains,  therefore,  to  consider  this  branch  of  our 
trade. 

The  receipts  of  Upland  Cotton  into  Charleston  will 
be  found  to  vary  considerably  in  each  year,  and  not  in 
proportion  to  the  Upland  crops  of  the  United  States. 
This  variation  is  at  once  accounted  for  in  the  fact,  that 
the  receipts  at  Charleston  are  dependent  upon  the  Up¬ 
land  crops  of  the  four  Atlantic  States  of  North,  and 
South  Carolina,  Georgia,  and  Florida. 

It  is  not  infrequently  the  case  that  the  Western  and 
Gulf  States  make  large  crops,  whilst  the  season  has 


TRADE  OF  CHARLESTON. 


147 


been  unfavorable  in  the  Atlantic  States;  and  even  with 
an  unfavorable  season  in  both  sections,  the  more  exten¬ 
sive  and  undivided  cultivation  of  Upland  Cotton  in  the 
former,  produces,  under  such  circumstances,  a  smaller 
variation  in  proportion,  in  the  Western  and  Gulf  crops? 
than  in  the  Atlantic  States,  where  the  Corn,  Lumber 
and  Turpentine  interests  of  North  Carolina,  and  the 
Rice  and  Sea  Island  Cotton  of  Georgia,  and  South 

Carolina,  divide  the  agricultural  interests  of  the  Atlantic 
section. 

To  illustrate  this  fact,  and  to  show  what  proportion 
of  the  Upland  crop  ot  the  four  Atlantic  States,  and  of 
the  Sea  Island  and  Rice  crops,  are  received  at  Charles¬ 
ton,  the  following  tables  are  given. 


Trade  of  Charleston . 


148 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 

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OQ 

*  The  extremely  low  point  to  which  Cotton  fell  during  this  year,  consequent  upon  the  troubled  state  of  European  affairs,  kept  much  of  the  crop  of  South 
Carolina  from  being  brought  into  the  market,  and  hence  the  diminution  of  receipts  during  this  year. 


POST  OFFICE. 


149 


POST  OFFICE. 

Statement  of  the  Net  amount  of  postages  received 
at  the  Post  Office  at  Charleston,  S.  C.,  during  certain 
periods  between  the  years  1794  and  1848. 


1794 

the  nett  Revenue 

to  the  Department  was  . 

.  $1,988  67 

1795 

do 

do 

.  2,587  57 

1800 

do 

do 

.  7,078  41 

1805 

do 

do 

.  10,553  48 

1810 

do 

do 

.  12,012  03 

1802 

do 

\  do 

.  28,945  89 

1833 

do 

do 

.  30,097  85 

1834 

do 

do 

.  32,244  18 

1837 

do 

do 

.  47,978  25 

1838 

do 

do 

.  50,414  33 

1830 

do 

do 

.  47,989  92 

1840 

do 

do 

.  47,816  66 

1841 

do 

do 

.  45,838  05 

1842 

do 

do 

.  46,623  03 

1843 

do 

do 

.  45,281  37 

1844 

do 

do 

.  46,949  54 

1845 

do  1st  Jan. 

to  1st  July 

.  24,132  72 

u 

do  1st  July  to  31st  December 

.  9,786  52 

1840 

do 

do 

.  22,777  53 

1847 

do 

do 

.  27,249  88 

1848 

do 

do 

.  29,711  87 

From  the  foregoing  statement  it  will  appear,  that  be¬ 
tween  the  years  1800  and  1810  the  increase  of  postage 
was  about  70  per  cent.  From  1810  to  1838  [a  period 
of  28  years]  320  per  cent.,  or  over  110  per  cent,  in 
every  10  years.  The  maximum  amount  received  for 
one  year  was  in  1838,  which  amounted  to  $50,414 
33-100.  The  increase  this  year  was,  no  doubt,  owing 
to  the  heavy  transactions  in  our  staples.  Since  that 
year  the  receipts  have  decreased — the  heighest  receipt 
being  in  1839,$  47,989  92-100,  and  the  lowest,  up  to 
30th  June,  1845,  [$45,281  37-100*]  This  falling 
off  may  be  attributed  to  the  subsequent  state  of  com¬ 
mercial  affairs,  upon  ivhich  depends  the  amount  of  reve¬ 
nue  accruing  to  the  Post  Office  Department.  It  may 

lie  interesting  to  know  what  portion  of  the  revenue  is 

20 


150 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


paid  by  the  Commercial  part  of  the  community.  Du¬ 
ring  the  last  quarter,  ending  31st  March,  1849,  the  net 
amount  due  to  the  General  Post  Office  was  $8,160;  of 
which  the  sum  of  $4,380  was  paid  by  121  Merchants 
and  Factors ,  who  keep  a  montJdy  account  of  postages . 

In  July  1845  the  cheap  rates  of  postages  were  adopt¬ 
ed,  the  old  rates  having  been  25,  18  3-4,  12  1-2,  10  and 
6  cents,  an  aggregate  of  72  cents ;  whilst  the  new 
are  10  and  5  cents,  an  aggregate  of  15  cents.  Since 
that  period  up  to  the  31st  December,  1848,  the  increase 
has  been  52  per  cent.,  and  no  doubt  can  be  entertained 
that  in  the  course  of  a  very  few  years,  the  postages  on 
the  new  will  exceed  those  on  the  old  rates . 

The  above  statement  has  been  prepared  and  furnish¬ 
ed  by  the  politeness  of  T.  W.  Bacot,  Esq.,  Assistant 
Postmaster  at  Charleston. 


I 


BANKS. 


151 


STATEMENT  AND  CONDITION  OF  THE 

BANKS. 


There  will  be  found  under  this  head  the  asrareffate 
reports  of  six  of  the  Banks  in  the  city,  together  with 
two  of  the  Banks  in  the  interior,  which  are  Branches 
ol  the  “  Bank  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina,”  the 
financial  agent  of  the  State  Government ;  which  branch¬ 
es,  together,  employ  from  $1,000,000  to  $1,300,000  of 
the  capital  of  the  parent  institution,  located  in  Charles¬ 
ton  :  and,  also,  separately  the  statements  of  the  Bank  of 
Charleston. 

The  tables  are  copied  from  the  Comptroller  Gene¬ 
ral’s  published  monthly  reports  of  statements  rendered 
by  the  six  City  Banks  which  have  accepted  certain 
conditions  of  an  Act  of  the  Legislature,  passed  in  1840, 
and  from  the  annual  published  reports  of  the  Bank  of 
Charleston. 

The  length  of  time  necessarily  devoted  to  the  other 
subjects  comprised  in  the  Commercial  Tables,  has  pre¬ 
cluded  the  possibility  of  presenting  this  subject  in  as 
complete  a  form  as  was  desirable. 

Had  time  permitted,  the  reports  of  the  two  interior 
Banks,  the  State  Funds,  and  funds  for  the  rebuilding  of 
the  City,  would  have  been  deducted ;  the  items  reduced 
to  fewer  heads,  and  the  condition  of  the  seven  Banks 
located  in  the  City,  presented  in  aggregate  views,  so  as 
to  have  exhibited  the  Commercial,  Agricultural,  and 
general  business  Banking  facilities  of  the  City  alone. 


152 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Aggregate  Statement  of  six  Banks  in  the  City ,  with  the 
two  Branches  of  the  Bank  of  the  State  of  South  Car - 
olina ,  at  Columbia  and  Camden ,  from  the  published 
statements  of  the  Comptroller  General . 


FEBRUARY,  1844. 


LIABILITIES. 

Capital  stock,  -  -  $5,988,882  73 

Bills  in  circulation,  -  2,325,428  17 

Net  profits  on  hand,  307,409  82 

Balances  due  to  Banks 

in  this  State,  -  -  -  1,588,110  87 

Balances  due  to  Banks 

in  other  States,  -  - 

All  other  moneys  due 
%/ 

which  bear  interest,  - 
State  Treasury,  for  Bal¬ 
ance,  Current  fund, 

State  Treasury,  for  Bal¬ 
ance,  Sinking  fund, 

State  Treasury,  for  loan 
for  rebuilding  the  city,  1,843,588  70 
Cash  deposited  and  all 
other  moneys  due,  2,250,521  87 


66,904  53 
368,758  50 
8,246  40 
702,236  97 


Total  liabilities,  $15,450,086  56 


RESOURCES. 


Specie  on  hand,  -  - 
Real  Estate,  -  -  - 

Bills  of  Banks  in  this 
State,  -  -  -  -  . 

Bills  of  Banks  in  other 

States, . 

Balance  due  from  Banks 
in  this  State,  -  -  - 

Balance  due  from  Banks 
in  other  States,  -  - 
Discounts  on  personal 
security,  -  -  -  - 

Loans  on  security  of 
their  own  stock,  -  . 

Loans  on  security  of 
other  stock,  -  -  - 

Domestic  Exchange,  - 
Foreign  do.  -  - 

Bonds, . 

Investments  in  Stocks, 
Debts  suspended  and  in 
suit,  -  -  -  -  - 
State  Treasury,  -  -  - 
Branches  and  agencies, 
Bonds  under  law  for  re¬ 
building  Charleston, 
Interest  and  expenses  of 
State  loan,  -  -  - 

All  other  investments, 


$934,747  50 
290,525  16 

509,797  54 

663  00 


9,658  04 


286,408  78 
5,524,408  30 
340,629  12 

276,777  68 

-  885,022  67 

120.331  57 
1,162,019  48 
1,424,939  89 

-  816,860  10 

89,563  21 
1,503,794  95 

1,005,718  92 

-  103,888  42 

164.332  23 


Total  resources,  $15,450,086  56 


Bank  of  Charleston ,  same  time 


Capital  stock  paid  in, 
Circulation,  ... 
Surplus  profits,  -  - 
Balances  due  to  other 
Banks,  -  -  -  - 
Deposits  and  unclaimed 
dividends,  -  -  - 


Total  liabilities,  $5,091,130  35 


Grand  Total,  -  $20,541,216  91 


Specie  on  hand,  -  -  $646,082  87 
Real  and  Personal  Es¬ 
tate,  ------  141,665  13 

Stocks  and  other  in¬ 
vestments,  -  -  -  -  50,733  97 

Balances  due  by  other 
Banks,  -----  973,773  49 

Domestic  Exchange,  -  630,494  45 

Foreign  do.  -  -  84,700  30 

Discounts,  bonds,  mort¬ 
gages  and  other  seeu- 
curities,  -  -  -  -  2,563,680  14 


Total  resources,  $5,091,130  35 


$20,541,216  91 


$3,160,800  00 
936,575  00 
255,118  52 

206,092  97 

532,543  86 


Grand  Total, 


BANKS. 


153 


Comptroller's  Statement  of  the  Banks  during  Jan.,  1845. 


LIABILITIES. 

Capital  stock,  -  -  $5,991,082  73 
Circulation,  -  -  -  -  2,209,334  17 
Net  profits  on  hand,  236,306  60 
Balances  due  to  Banks 
in  this  State,  -  - 
Balances  due  to  Banks 
in  other  States,  -  - 
All  monies  due  which 
bear  interest,  -  - 

State  Treasury,  for  bal¬ 
ance,  Current  Fund, 

State  Treasury,  for  bal¬ 
ance,  Sinking  Fund, 

State  Treasury,  for  loan 
for  rebuilding  city, 

Cash  deposites  and  all 
other  monies  due, 


1,637,185  85 
89,813  26 
34,638  37 
12,566  70 
618,383  96 
1,843,586  70 
2,027,602  85 


Total  liabilities,  $14,700,501  19 


RESOURCES. 

Specie  on  hand,  -  -  $1,067,814  16 
Real  Estate,  -  -  -  286,851  23 

Bills  of  Banks  in  this 

State,  -----  541,251  46 

Bills  of  Banks  in  other 

States,  -----  1,482  54 

Balances  due  by  Banks 

in  this  State,  -  -  -  26,743  15 

Balances  due  by  Banks 

in  other  States,  -  -  113,347  72 

Discounts  on  personal 

security,  -  -  -  -  5,912,369  46 

Loans  on  pledge  of  own 

stock,  -----  282,417  12 

Loans  on  pledge  of  oth¬ 
er  stock,  -  -  -  -  245,819  33 

Domestic  Exchange,  391,419  95 

Foreign  do.  -  116,903  34 

Bonds,  -  -  -  -  1,030,218  17 

Investments  in  stock,  -  1,158,872  37 

Debts  suspended  and  in 

suit,  -----  701,480  97 

State  Treasury,  -  -  101,602  52 

Branches  and  agencies,  1,498,709  02 

Bonds  under  law  for  re¬ 
building  Charleston,  974,840  22 

Interest  and  expenses  of 

State  loan,  -  -  -  71,952  50 

All  other  investments,  176,405  96 


Total  resources,  $14,700,501  19 


Bank  of  Charleston ,  same  time . 


LIABILITIES. 

Capital  stock,  paid  in,  $3,160,800  00 
Circulation,  -  -  -  1,464,254  00 

Surplus  profits,  -  -  278,779  91 

Balances  due  to  other 
Banks,  -  -  -  -  1,161,390  68 

Deposits  and  unclaimed 

dividends,  -  -  -  168,172  84 


Total  liabilities,  $6,233,397  43 


Grand  total,  -  $20,933,898  62 


RESOURCES. 

Specie  on  hand  -  -  $614,072  09 

Real  and  personal  Estate,  155,995  76 
Stocks  and  other  invest¬ 
ments,  .  158,040  18 

•  Balances  due  by  other 

Banks, .  1,172,166  84 

Domestic  Exchange,  -  1,127,942  18 

Foreign  do.  -  404,432  36 
Discounts,  Bonds  and 
Mortgages  and  other 
securities,  -  -  -  -  2,600,748  02 


Total  resources,  $6,233,397  43 


Grand  total,  -  $20,933,898  62 


1 54 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Comptroller  s  Statement  of  the  Banks  during  Jan .  1846.f 


LIABILITIES 
Capital  Stock,  -  -  $5,992,607  73 

Circulation,  -  -  -  2,289,946  50 
Net  profits  on  hand,  -  190,972  52 

Balances  due  to  Banks 
in  this  State,  -  -  1,16,9,959  49 

Balances  due  to  Banks 
in  other  States,  -  338,725  65 

All  monies  due  which 
bear  interest,  -  -  40,500  81 

State  Treasury,  for  bal- 
(  ance,  Current  Fund,  41,303  60 
State  Treasury,  for  bal- 
^  ance  Sinking  Fund,  487,758  23 
State  Treasury,  for  loan 
^  for  rebuilding  city,  1 ,8 1 0,253  37 

Cash  deposited  and  all 

other  monies  due,  1 ,937,057  52 


-{■Total  liabilities,  *$14,299,885  42 


RESOURCES. 

Specie  on  hand,  -  -  $717,053  67 
Real  Estate,  -  -  -  287,997  65 

Bills  of  Banks  in  this 
State,  -  -  -  -  -  339,449  55 

Bills  of  Banks  in  other 
States,  ....  2,797  00 

Balances  due  from  banks 
in  this  State,  -  -  65,846  51 

Balances  due  from  banks 
in  other  States,  -  -  90,515  72 

Discounts  on  personal 

security,  -  -  -  6,064,339  16 

Loans  on  pledge  of  their 
own  stock,  -  -  .  221,272  33 

Loans  on  pledge  of  oth¬ 
er  stock,  -  -  -  -  366,219  12 

Domestic  Exchange,  270,819  80 
Foreign  do.  -  127,749  88 

Bonds,  ....  984,116  58 

Investments  in  Stock,  1,371,153  89 
Debts  suspended  and  in 

suit, .  589,086  40 

State  Treasury,  -  82,486  40 

Branches  and  agencies,  1,523,348  55 
Bonds  under  law,  for  re¬ 
building  Charleston,  927,056  37 
Interest  and  expenses  of 

State  Loan,  -  .  .  68,840  68 

All  other  investments,  198,972  14 


f Total  resources,  *$14,299,885  42 


Bank  of  Charleston ,  same  time . 


LIABILITIES. 

Capital  Stock,  paid  in,  $3,160,800  00 
Circulation,  -  -  -  1,350,412  00 

Surplus  profits,  -  -  -  287,884  59 

Balances  due  to  other 
Banks,  ....  1,340,988  81 

Deposits  and  unclaimed 
dividends,  -  -  .  611,002  54 


Total  liabilities,  $6,751,087  94 


Grand  total,  -  $21,050,973  36 


RESOURCES. 

Specie  on  hand,  -  -  $669,521  07 

Real  and  Personal  Es- 

i  tute, .  143,491  88 

Stocks  and  other  invest¬ 
ments,  ....  324,120  34 

Balances  due  by  other 
Banks,  ....  807,876  17 

Domestic  Exchange,  1,495,704  26 

Foreign  do.  -  528,774  60 

Discounts,  Bonds  and 
Mortgages  and  other 
securities,  -  -  -  2,781,599  62 


Total  resources, _ $6,751,087  94 

Grand  total,  -  $21,050,973  36 

^lhe  figuies  are  given  according  to  the  report,  although  the  amounts  vary  in  the  aggregate 
t Exclusive  of  the  Branch  of  “  the  Bank  of  the  State  of  So.  Ca„”  at  Camden  So  ° 


BANKS. 


155 


Comptroller's  Statement  of  the  Banks  during  Jan,,  1847. 


LIABILITIES 

Capital  Stock,  -  -  $5,992,607  73 
Circulation,  -  -  -  2,863,698  00 
Net  profits  on  hand,  223,449  28 
Balances  due  to  Banks  in 
this  State,  -  -  -  1,892,685  40 

Balances  due  Banks  in 
other  States,  -  -  269,453  38 

All  other  monies  due, 
which  bear  interest,  55,841  18 
State  Treasury,  for  bal¬ 
ance,  Current  Fund,  24,391  82 
State  Treasury,  for  bal¬ 
ance,  Sinking- Fund,  509,160  63 
State  Treasury,  for  loan 
^  for  rebuilding  City,  ]  ,8 1 0,253  37 
Cash  deposited  and  all 
other  monies  due,  1,754,478  50 


RESOURCES. 

Specie  on  hand,  -  -  $643,831  86 
Real  Estate,  -  -  -  291,997  65 

Bills  of  Banks  in  this 

State,  . 

Bills  of  Banks  in  other 
States,  -  -  -  . 

1  Balances  due  by  Banks 
in  this  State,  -  -  - 
Balances  due  by  Banks 
in  other  States,  -  - 
Discounts  on  personal 
security,  -  -  -  - 

Loans  on  pledge  of  their 
own  stock,  -  -  - 

Loans  on  pledge  of  oth¬ 
er  stock,  -  -  -  - 

Domestic  Exchange, 

Foreign  do. 

Bonds, . 

Investments  in  stocks,  1,365^829  91 

Debts  suspended  and  in 
suit,  ----- 

State  Treasury,  -  -  _ 

Branches  and  agencies,  1,632,380  10 
Bonds  under  law  for  re¬ 
building  Charleston,  880,395  27 

Interest  and  expenses  of 

State  loan,  -  -  -  68,592  94- 

All  other  investments,  122,683  14 


296,501  22 

605  00 

87,778  40 

57,354  98 

5,804,394  92 

279,856  11 

415,890  76 
1,199,350  88 
247,267  07 
1,141,075  14 


777,191  42 
83,042  52 


Total  liabilities,  $15,396,019  29 


Total  resources,  $15,396,019  29 


Bank  of  Charleston ,  same  time. 


LIABILITIES. 

Capital  Stock,  paid  in,  $3,160,800  00 
Circulation,  -  -  -  1,934,265  00 

Surplus  profits,  -  -  329,096  75 

Balances  due  to  other 

Banks,  -  -  -  -  1,412,723  72 

Deposits  and  unclaimed 
dividends,  -  -  -  646,766  54 

RESOURCES. 

Specie  on  hand,  -  -  $409,750  53 

Real  Estate,  -  -  -  90,435  23 

.Stocks  and  other  invest¬ 
ments,  -  -  -  -  790,469  67 

Balance  due  by  other 

Banks,  -  -  -  -  949,738  20 

Domestic  Exchange,  1,610,999  63 

Foreign  do.  -  901,669  98 

Discounts,  Bonds, Mort¬ 
gages,  and  other  se¬ 
curities,  -  -  -  -  2,730,588  77 

Total  liabilities,  $7,483,652  01 

Total  resources,  $7,483,652  01 

Grand  total,  -  $22,879,671  30 

Grand  Total,  -  $22,879,671  30 

156  CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Comptroller's  Statement  of  the  Banks  during  Ja?i>  1848. 


LIABILITIES. 

Capital  Stock,  -  -  $5,992,782  73 
Circulation,  -  -  -  -  2,403,681  38 
Net  profits  on  hand,  246,254  30 
Balances  clue  to  Banks 
in  this  State,  -  - 
Balances  due  to  Banks 
in  other  State,  -  - 
All  other  monies  due 
which  bear  interest, 

State  Treasury,  for  bal¬ 
ance,  Current  Fund, 

State  Treasury,  for  bal¬ 
ance,  Sinking  Fund, 

State  Treasury,  for  loan 
for  rebuilding  City, 

Cash  deposited  and  all 
other  monies  dub,  - 


1,769,195  19 
198,340  08 
26,860  00 
9,083  15 
503,534  22 
1,810,253  37 
1,862,973  89 


Total  liabilities,  $14,822,958  31 


RESOURCES. 

Specie  on  hand,  -  -  $443,953  12 
Real  Estate,  -  -  -  278,496  41 

Bills  of  Banks  in  this 

State,  -----  335,417  28 

Bills  of  Banks  in  other 

States,  -  -  .  .  13,297  00 

Balances  due  from  banks 
in  this  State,  -  -  -  47,362  97 

Balances  due  from  banks 
in  other  States,  -  -  59,918  38 

Discounts  on  personal 
security,  -  -  -  -  5,983,059  06 
Loans  on  pledge  of  their 

own  stock,  -  -  -  230,799  30 

Loans  on  pledge  of  oth¬ 
er  stock,  -  -  -  -  371,518  21 

Domestic  Exchange,  -  1,066,322  59 

Foreign  do.  -  216,654  16 

Bonds, .  1,177,364  28 

Investments  in  Stock,  -  1,343,044  79 
Debts  suspended  and  in 
suit,  -----  753,770  33 

State  Treasury,  -  -  96,056  78 

Branches  and  agencies,  1,435,953  05 
Bonds  under  law  for  re¬ 
building  Charleston,  81 1,718  49 
Interest  and  expenses  of 

State  loan,  ...  48,421  51 

All  other  investments,  109,830  60 


Total  resources,  $14,822,958  31 


Bank  of  Charleston,  same  time. 


LIABILITIES. 

Capital  Stock,  paid  in,  $3,160,800  00 
Circulation,  -  -  -  1,536,845  00 

Surplus  profit,  -  -  -  381,900  86 

Balances  due  to  other 
Banks  and  accounts 
with  agencies,  -  -  1,060,783  63 

Deposits  and  unclaimed 
dividends,  -  -  -  -  443,543  19 


Total  liabilities,  $6,583,872  68 


Grand  total,  -  $21,406,830  99 


RESOURCES. 

Specie  on  hand,  -  -  $440,165  13 
Real  Estate,  -  -  -  -  71,096  53 

Stocks  and  other  invest¬ 
ments,  -  -  -  -  1,011,958  12 

Balances  due  by  other 

Banks, .  992,662  34 

Domestic  Exchange,  -  1,008,268  18 

Foreign  do.  -  -  666,509  95 

Discounts,  Bonds  and 
Mortgages  and  other 
securities,  -  -  -  2,393,212  43 


Total  resources,  $6,583,872  68 


Grand  total,  -  $21,406,830  99 


I 


BANKS. 


157 


Comptroller's  Statement  of  the  Banks  during  Jan.  1849. 


LIABILITIES. 

Capital  Stock,  -  -  $5,992,782  73 
Circulation,  ...  2,083,784  00 
Net  profits  on  hand,  263,568  23 
Balances  due  to  Banks 
in  this  State,  -  -  1,192,419  65 

Balances  due  to  Banks 
in  other  States,  -  -  98,910  28 

All  other  monies  due 

which  bear  interest,  -  26,435  00 

State  Treasury,  for  bal¬ 
ance,  Current  Fund,  737  09 

State  Treasury,  for  bal¬ 
ance,  Sinking-  Fund,  533,203  03 
State  Treasury,  for  loan 
for  rebuilding  city,  1,783,586  70 
Cash  deposited  and  all 
other  moneys  due,  1,796,215  65 


Total  liabilities,  $13,771,642  36 


RESOURCES. 

Specie  on  hand,  -  -  $586,292  76 
Real  Estate,  ....  277,291  51 
Bills  of  Banks  in  this 
State,  -  -  -  -  -  301,956  88 
Bills  of  Banks  in  other 

States, .  6,709  96 

Balances  due  from  banks 
in  this  State,  -  -  -  51,61814 

Balances  due  from  banks 
in  other  States,  -  -  170,942  40 
Discounts  on  personal 
security,  -  -  -  -  4,550,369  54 
Loans  on  pledge  of  own 

stock, .  248,244  78 

Loans  on  pledge  of  oth¬ 
er  stock,  -  -  -  -  400,033  97 
Domestic  Exchange,  -  1,168,448  45 
Foreign  do.  -  -  205,176  67 
Bonds,  -----  1,180,154  26 
Investments  in  Stock,  1,252,567  97 
Debts  suspended  and  in 

suit, .  789,666  23 

State  Treasury,  -  -  119,640  71 

Branches  and  agencies,  -  1,486,116  63 
Bonds  under  law  for  re¬ 
building  Charleston,  771,859  24 
Interests  and  expenses 
of  State  loan,  -  -  43,689  83 

All  other  investments,  160,862  43 


Total  resources,  $13,771,642  36 


Bank  of  Charleston ,  same  time . 


LIABILITIES. 

Capital  Stock,  paid  in,  $3,160,800  00 
Circulation,  -  -  -  1,413,176  j00 

Surplus  profits,  -  -  -  585,578  84 
Balances  due  to  other 
Banks,  and  accounts 
with  agencies,  -  -  1,525,506  63 

Deposits  and  unclaimed 
dividends,  -  -  -  380,263  99 


Total  liabilities,  $7,065,325  46 


Grand  total,  -  $20,836,967  82 


RESOURCES. 

Specie  on  hand,  -  -  $327,786  22 
Real  Estate,  -  -  -  -  63,500  75 

Stocks  and  other  invest¬ 
ments,  -----  580,648  25 
Balances  due  by  other 

Banks  and  agencies,  1,149,181  98 
Domestic  Exchange,  -  1,644,513  91 
Foreign  do.  -  756,219  32 

Di  scounts,  Bonds, Mort¬ 
gages,  and  other  se¬ 
curities,  -  -  -  -  2,543,475  03 


Total  resources,  $7,065,325  46 


Grand  total,  -  $20,836,967  82 


21 


158 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


“ Provident  Institution for  Savings  in  the  City  of  Charles 
ton ” — Incorporated  December  1843. 


Number 

of  acc’ts. 
opened. 

N  umber 

of  acc’ts. 
closed. 

Number  of 

accounts  re¬ 
maining  open 

Average  amount 

to  each  deposi¬ 
tor. 

Jan.  1844  to  Jan.  1845 

429 

35 

394 

$76.34 

w  1845  “  1846 

339 

75 

264 

117.28 

“  1846  “  1847 

321 

144 

177 

119.08 

“  1847  “  1848 

360 

155 

205 

130.46 

“  1848  “  1849 

326 

182 

144 

135.26 

Total,  -  -  -  - 

1,775 

591 

1,184 

Amounts  De¬ 
posited. 

AMOUNTS  PAID  DEPOSITOR. 

Am’ts  remain¬ 
ing  on  deposit 
in  Jan.  of  each 
year. 

Expenses  of 
the  Institution 
for  each  year. 

Capital. 

Dividends  at  5 
per  cent. 

Jan.  1844  to 
Jan.  1845, 

$33,064  33 

$  4,075  00 

*$  364  61 

$28,989  33 

$  237  17 

Jan.  1845  to 
Jan.  1846, 

58,943  09 

10,757  66 

1,807  53 

48,185  43 

333  46 

Jan.  1846  to 
Jan.  1847, 

61,289  01 

39,031  10 

3,723  56 

22,257  91 

547  42 

Jan.  1847  to 
Jan.  1848, 

76,487  43 

40,238  83 

4,973  47 

36,248  60 

571  76 

Jan.  1848  to 
Jan.  1849, 

81,833  55 

57,370  02 

6,320  08 

24,463  53 

756  65 

Total. 

311,617  41 

151,472  61 

17,189  25 

160,144  80 

2,446  46 

*  This  dividend  was  for  the  first  half  year  after  the  Institution  went  into  operation. 


Amount  invested  in  Stocks, 
“  “  “  Bonds, 


$35,064  09 
126,057  25 


$161,121  34 


Amount  of  Surplus  to  be  divided  in  1849,  5,593  70 

“  deposited  between  Jan.  and  June,  1849,  48,687  00 

“  paid  depositors,  same  time,  principal,  26,749  68 
“  “  “  “  “  dividends,  3,606  56 


30,356  24 

Which  shows  an  increase  of  over  50  per  cent,  upon 
the  deposits  of  the  same  period  for  the  preceding  year. 


i 


BANKS. 


159 


The  quarterly  periods  from  which  interest  on  de¬ 
posits  are  allowed,  are  the  third  Wednesday’s  of  Janu¬ 
ary,  April,  July  and  October.  Dividends  are  paid  semi¬ 
annually  in  April  and  October,  at  a  rate  not  exceeding 
5  per  cent,  per  annum.  Unclaimed  dividends  are  placed 
to  the  credit  of  the  depositor,  and  draw  interest  from 
the  date  at  which  they  were  declared.  At  the  expira¬ 
tion  of  every  five  years,  all  surplus  profits  are  appor¬ 
tioned  amongst  the  depositors  of  one  years  standing, 
and  over. 

For  the  above  statements  we  are  indebted  to  Mr. 
Henry  S.  Griggs,  the  Treasurer  of  the  Institution. 


Capital ,  and  Dividends  of  the  Banks  in  Charleston ,  and  also  of  Companies  chartered  hy  the  Legislature  of 

South  Carolina ,  and  located  in  the  City . 


160 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON 


EXCHANGE. 


161. 


EXCHANGE. 


Rates  of  Foreign ,  and  Domestic  Bills  of  Exchange  at 

Charleston . 

The  rates  of  Steiling  and  trench  Exchange  are  the 
out-door  rates  previous  to  1841,  when  the  Banks  began 
to  op eiate  largely  in  Foreign  Exchange  ;  from  that 
period,  the  rates  are  those  at  which  the  Banks  purchased 
Foreign  Exchange. 

The  rates  for  Domestic  Exchange  at  44  60  days  on 
New  York,  are  the  Banks  rates  for  purchasing  this 
class  of  Exchange.  And  the  44  Bank  Checks  on  New 
York,”  are  the  rates  at  which  the  Banks  were  selling 
Sight  Checks.  [ Compiled  from  the  TVeekly  Courier 
Letter  Sheet  Prices  Current . 


1834 

FOREIGN. 

DOMESTIC. 

Sterling. 

French 

(iO  Day  Rills  on  New 
York. 

Bank  Checks  on 
New  York. 

January, 

February, 

March, 

April, 

May, 

June, 

July, 

August, 

September, 

October, 

November, 

December, 

Ia24  pr.c.  pm. 
par  a  2  p.c.  dis. 

44  44  2  44 

2dis.a3p.c.pm. 

Ifa3£ 

I+a2  “ 

1  a4  4  « 

4  a64  “ 

5  a7  “ 

6  a64  “ 

5  a6 

44a5f  “ 

5.50a5.60 

5.50a5.60 

5.45a5.60 

5.40a5.50 

5.50a5.65 

5.55a5.70 

5.35a5.55 

5.35a5.40 

5.35a5.40 

5.35a 

5.40a5.45 

4  pr.c. dis.  and  time 

4  «  44 

4  « 

4  “  « 

4  a  1  “  « 

1  «  « 

4  “  « 

4  «  « 

4  “  « 

4  “  « 

4  “  « 

'4  “  « 

par. 

par  a  4pr  c.pm 
4  per  cent  pm. 

4  a  <t  « 

4  44  44  44 

4  H  44  44 

4  “  “  “ 

4  44  4  4  44 

4  “  “  “ 

Ja4  pr.  ct.  pm. 
par  a  £pr  c.pm 
par. 

1835 

- — - - - —  

FOREIGN. 

DOMESTIC. 

Sterling 

60  Day  Bills  on  New 

Bank  Checks  on 

Percent,  prem. 

French 

York 

• 

New  York. 

January, 

41  a  64 

5.35a5.45 

4  pr.c.dis.  and  time 

Par. 

February, 

5£  a  6i 

5.35a5.45 

4 

« 

U 

March, 

6  a  84 

5.27a5.42 

4  “ 

44 

April, 

8  a  8£ 

5.25a5.27 

4 

a 

44 

May, 

8  a  9 

5.22a5.27 

1  U 

2 

u 

June, 

8|-  a  9 

5.22a5.25 

4 

it 

u 

July, 

8f  a  9 

5.22a5.25 

4 

<6 

44 

August, 

9  a  94 

5.22a5.25 

4 

u 

September, 

84  a  9 

5.20a 

4  “ 

U 

u 

October, 

8  a  8f 

5.20a5.30 

4  “ 

u 

u 

November, 

8  a  8£ 

5.22a5.29 

4  “ 

u 

44 

December, 

74  a  84 

5.25a5.37 

4  “ 

44 

a  t 

162 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


1836 

FOREIGN.  | 

DOMESTIC. 

Sterling. 

GO  Day  Bills  on  New 

Bank  Checks  on 

Per  cent.  prem. 

French 

York. 

New  York. 

January, 

7  a  8£ 

5.35a5.40 

4  pr.c.dis.  and  time 

Par 

February, 

8J  a  8-| 

5.30a5.40 

4 

44 

March, 

7|  a  9 

5.30a5.35 

4  “  44 

u 

April, 

6  a  8 

5.30a5.35 

J.  44  44 

2* 

u 

May, 

7  a  8| 

5.30a5.35 

4 

1  per  cent.  pm. 

June, 

7  a  8^ 

5.27a5.35 

Time 

1  44 

U 

July, 

7*  a  8i 

5.27a5.32 

44 

lal£  44 

u 

August, 

7£  a  8 

5.27a5.32 

44 

lal£  44 

u 

September, 

7f  a  8 

5.27a5.32 

44 

1  44 

u 

October, 

7£  a  9|- 

5.25a5.32 

a 

- 

- 

November, 

8|-  a  9| 

2.25a5.30 

u 

14  44 

a 

December, 

8  a  104- 

5.20a5.32 

1  per  cent.discount 

li  “ 

u 

1837 

FOREIGN. 

DOMESTIC. 

Sterling. 

60  Day  Bills  on  New 

Bank  Checks  on 

Per  cent.  prem. 

French 

York. 

New  York. 

January, 

8  a  10 

5.20a5.35 

1  per  cent,  discount 

14  pr.cent.  pm. 

February, 

94  a  11 

5.20a5.22 

^  u  44 

14  44 

6i 

March, 

104  a  12 

5.10a5.17 

par  a  1  pr.cent.  dis. 

14a2  44 

a 

April, 

9  a  12 

5.10a5.l5 

it  2  “  « 

2  a3  44 

4; 

May, 

9  a  12 

5.  a5.l5 

1  per  cent,  discount 

3  44 

44 

June, 

July, 

10  a  13 

5.  a5.15 

1  a  ct 

3  a5  44 

44 

11  a  15 

5.  a 

J  u  it 

4  a5  44 

44 

August, 

14  a  15 

5.  a 

1  11  u 

3  44 

44 

September, 

17  a  20 

4.80a4.90 

j  a  (i 

2  a4444 

44 

October, 

124  a  18 

4.80a5.15 

^  «  a 

14a4444 

44 

November, 

124  a  15 

4.95a5. 

2  «  « 

4  a3  44 

<; 

December, 

8  a  134 

4.95a5.25 

2  «  u 

1  a3  44 

44 

1838 

FOREIGN. 

DOMESTIC. 

Sterling. 

60  Day  Bills  on  New 

Bank  Checks  on 

Per  cent.  prem. 

French 

York. 

New  York. 

January, 

8  a  10 

5.22a5.25 

1  per  cent,  discount 

Ial4  pr-c. 

pm. 

February, 

6  a  9 

5.22a5.25 

J  u  u  • 

Ia24  44 

44 

March, 

64a  8 

5.20a5.25 

lpr.c.dis.alpr.c.pm 

24a3  44 

it 

April, 

64a  8-4 

5.20a5.25 

4  per  cent.  prem. 

4a7  44 

44 

May, 

8  a  10 

5.15a5.25 

.(  a 

4a5  44 

n 

June, 

8  a  114 

5.10a5.25 

4a  1  44  44 

2a5  44 

it 

July, 

9  a  10 

5.17a 

4  44  44 

2a3  44 

44 

August, 

September, 

9  a  10 

5.17a 

4  “ 

24a3  44 

44 

9  a  104 

5.17a 

4  44  44  a  par 

la2  44 

44 

October, 

9  a  11 

5.17a 

Par 

laH  44 

a 

November, 

94a  10 

5.15a5.25 

Hal 4  44 

44 

December, 

9  a  10 

5.15a5.25 

£  percent.  discount'£al  44 

cc  E 

EXCHANGE. 


163 


1839 

FOREIGN. 

DOMESTIC. 

Sterling. 

60  Day  Bills  on  New 

Bank  Checks  on 

Per  cent,  prera. 

French 

York. 

New  York. 

January, 

9  a  10 

5.15a5.17 

4  per  cent,  discount 

1  per  cent.  pm. 

February, 

9  a  9| 

5.15a5.20 

4  “  « 

1  a  14“ 

u 

March, 

9  a  104 

5.12a5.20 

4  “  “ 

1  a  14“ 

a 

April, 

9  a  91 

5.10a5.15 

4  a  4  “  “ 

14  “ 

u 

May, 

84a  10 

5.l0a5.22 

par  a  4  pr.cent.  dis. 

14  “ 

cc 

June, 

9  a  10| 

5.10a5.15 

par 

4  a  14“ 

u 

July, 

9|a  111 

5.  a5.12 

par  a  4  pr.cent.  dis. 

l|a2  “ 

a 

August, 

10|a  12 

5.  a 

4  « 

2  “ 

CC 

September, 

94a  11 

5.  a5.05 

m  m  m  m  m 

3  a3|“ 

a 

October, 

94a  12 

5.  a5.15 

.  .  m  —  — 

24a5  “ 

u 

November, 

9  a  114 

5.15a5.30 

—  — 

4  al0“ 

u 

December, 

8|a  94 

5.15a5.30 

----- 

1  a3  “ 

u 

1840 

FOREIGN. 

DOMESTIC. 

Sterling. 

60  Day  Bills  on  New 

Bank  Checks  on 

Per  cent.  prem. 

French 

York. 

New  York. 

January, 

8  a  9| 

5.22a5.30 

time  a  1  pr.  ct.  dis. 

3  percent,  pm. 

February, 

7|a  104 

5.17a5.30 

14p.c.dis.  alp.c.pm. 

24a3  « 

a 

March, 

9  a  94 

5.15a5.2o 

par  a  1  per.  ct.  pm. 

24a3  “ 

a 

April, 

9|a  94 

5.15a5.20 

Ial4  “  “ 

24a3  « 

a 

May, 

9|a  104 

5.15a5.20 

I4alf  “  “ 

24a4  “ 

a 

June, 

9  a  10 

5.10a5.17 

l4alf  “  “ 

3  “ 

u 

July, 

84a  94 

5.17a5.25 

..... 

3  “ 

u 

August, 

7  a  8 

_  _ 

14a2  “ 

u 

September, 

64a  7 

14a 14“ 

u 

October, 

7  a  94 

5.15a5.20 

..... 

1  a  14“ 

u 

November, 

8  a  84 

5.10a5.15 

..... 

4  al4“ 

a 

December, 

8|a  10 

5.10a5.15 

4  per  cent,  discount 

1  a  14“ 

a 

1841 

FOREIGN.  - 

DOMESTIC. 

Sterling. 

60  Day  Bills  on  New 

Bank  Checks 

on 

Per  cent.  prem. 

French 

York. 

New  York 

January, 

8^-  a  9  4 

5.10a5.20 

par  a  4  per.  ct.  dis. 

lal|  per.c.pm- 

February, 

8  a  94 

5.15a5.20 

par  a  4  “  “ 

14  “ 

(C 

March, 

8  a  84 

5.20a5.30 

4  per  ct.  discount 

1  « 

cc 

April, 

7  a  7J 

5,20tiD,35 

4 

1  “ 

u 

May, 

7  a  74 

5.25a5.30 

4  “  « 

1  “ 

a 

June, 

7^  a  84 

5.15a5.27 

4  a  “ 

4a  1  “ 

a 

July, 

7  a  8 

5.25a5.30 

4  a  4“  “ 

4a  1  “ 

u 

August, 

7  a  8 

5.25a5.30 

4  a  4“  “ 

4a  1  “ 

a 

September, 

74  a  84 

5.20a5.30 

4  a  4“  “ 

1  « 

a 

October, 

84  a  94 

5.l5a5.25 

4  a  1“  “ 

1  « 

u 

November, 

9  a  94 

5.20a5.25 

4  a  1“  “ 

Sal  “ 

a 

December, 

I 

8  a  9 

5.25a5.32 

4  a  1“  “ 

1  « 

a 

164 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


1842 

FOREIGN. 

DOMESTIC. 

Sterling. 

French 

60  Day  Bills  on  New 

Bank  Checks  on 

per  cent.  prem. 

York. 

New  York. 

January, 

7  a  81 

5.27a5.37 

1  per  cent,  disc’t. 

1  a  1  pr  c.  pm. 

February, 

7f  a 

5.32a5.35 

J  «  «  CC 

1  per  cent  pm. 

March, 

7*  a  71 

5.32a5.37 

2  «  u  <( 

|  cc  cc  cc 

April, 

6  a 

5.40a5.45 

1  «  u  u 

2  «  a  « 

May, 

61  a  8 

5.30a5.38 

2  «  u  u 

2  6.  a 

June, 

61  a  8 

5.35a5.45 

2  «  «  « 

2  a  (( 

July, 

2  u  « 

2  a  cc  a 

August, 

- 

-  - 

2  «  u  a 

2  a  a  <c 

September, 

1  a  1  per  c.  “ 

i  «  «  « 

October, 

61  a  71 

5.30a5.35 

4  a  11  44  44  44 

2  «  a  a 

November, 

5  a 

5.45a5.47 

1  per  cent.  44 

2  u  a  a 

December, 

5  a 

5.45a5.47 

1  a  11  per  c.  44 

la  1  pr  c.  pm. 

1843 

FOREIGN. 

DOMESTIC. 

Sterling 

60  Day  Bills  on  New 

Bank  Checks  on 

per  cent.  prem. 

French 

York. 

New  York. 

January, 

41  a  5 

5.50a 

11  a  11  per  c.  dis’t 

paral  pr.c.  pm 

February, 

4J-  a  44 

5.52a5.55 

11  per  cent.  44 

par 

March, 

41  a  44 

5.52a5.55 

11  44  “  44 

April, 

41  a  4f 

5.50a5.55 

11  44  44  44 

U 

May, 

51  a  71 

5.40a5.45 

11  a  11  per  c.  dis’t 

para  Ipr.c.pm 

June, 

7  a  71 

5.40a 

11  per  cent.  44 

1  per  cent,  pm 

July, 

7  a  71 

5.40a 

11  44  44  44 

1  44  44  44 

August, 

7  a  71 

5.40a 

11  44  44  44 

1  U  U  Cl 

f 

September, 

7  a  71 

5.40a 

1  a  11  per  c.  44 

1  44  44  44 

October, 

8  a 

5.40a 

1  a  11  44  44  44 

a  u  n 

November, 

61  a  61 

5.40a 

1-f  per  cent.  44 

paral  pr.c. pm 

December, 

61  a  7 

5.42a5.45 

14  4  4  44  44 

par 

1844 

FOREIGN. 

DOMESTIC. 

Sterling 

60  Day  Bills  on  New 

Bank  Checks  on 

per  cent.  prem. 

French 

York. 

New  York. 

January, 

8  a  81 

5.35a5.40 

11  per  cent,  disc’t 

par 

February, 

8  a  81 

5.35a5.40 

11  44  44  44 

CC 

March, 

6  a  71 

5.40a 

11  44  44  44 

cc 

April, 

6  a  71 

5.35a5,40 

11  li  tt  u 

C( 

May, 

7  a  71 

5.35a5.37 

i  l  «  u  a 

•c 

June, 

7  a  8 

5.35a5.37 

1  1  cc  cc  cc 

1 Y 

cc 

July, 

8  a  81 

5.32a5.35 

2y  «  «  « 

par  a  1  pr.c.pm 

August, 

8  a  81 

5.32a 

1  percent.  44 

September, 

8  a  84 

5.27a5.32 

l  u  a  u 

October, 

81  a  81 

5.27a5.30 

11  per  cent,  disc’t  i 

J  a  1  pr.c.  pm 

November, 

8  a  9 

5.27a5.30 

11a  11  44  44 

par 

December, 

8  a  81 

5.27a5.30 

11a  11  44  44 

CC 

EXCHANGE. 


165 


1845 


January, 

February, 

March, 

April, 

May, 

June, 

July, 

August, 

September, 

October, 

November, 

December, 


FOREIGN. 


Sterling 
per  cent.  prem. 


8  a  8f 

9  a  9f 
8£  a  9£ 
8f  a  84 
84  a  9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 

74  a  84 
a 


French. 


a  9f 
a  9± 
a  9f 
a  9f 
a  9J- 


7f 


5.27a5.30 

5.27a5.30 

5.30a5.32 

5.32a 

5.27a5.30 

5.27a5.30 

5.27a5.32 

5,30a5.32 

l5.30a5.32 

5.35a 

5.32a5.35 


DOMESTIC. 

60  Day  Bills  on  New 

Bank  Checks  on 

York. 

New  York. 

If  a  If  per  c.  disc’t 

par 

1  per  cent.  “ 

par  a  4  pr.c.pm 

1  “  ‘4  Cfi 

f  per  cent.  “ 

1  a  14  per  c.  “ 

par  a  i  pr.c.pm 

4-  a  If  “  “  « 

f  a  4-  “  “  “ 

i  per  cent.  “ 

4-  per  cent.  “ 

4-  per  cent.  “ 

4-  “  “  « 

i  per  cent.  “ 

4  a  £  pr.  c.  “ 

f  per  cent.  “ 

£  per  cent.  “ 

f  a  1  per  cent.  “ 

4  “  “  “ 

fa  1  “  “  « 

y  «  a  a 

f  a  1  “  “  « 

4  “  <■  “ 

1848 


FOREIGN. 

DOMESTIC. 

Sterling. 

00  Day  Bills 

on  New 

Bank 

Checks  m 

Per  cent.  prem. 

French 

York. 

New  lhork. 

January, 

74-  a  8 

5.32a5.35 

4  a  1  per 

c. 

disc’t. 

lal  ur.c. 

pm 

February, 

7|  a  8 

5.32a5.35 

f  a  1 

a 

44 

44 

f  a  1 

44 

44 

March, 

8  a 

5.32a5.35 

4  a  1 

44 

44 

44 

fa  1 

44 

44 

April, 

94  a  94 

5.25a5.35 

4  a  1 

a 

44 

44 

£ 

44 

44 

May, 

9  alO 

5.25a5.30 

4  a  1 

a 

44 

44 

£a  1 

44 

44 

June, 

74  a  84 

5.35a5.37 

4  a  1 

4; 

44 

44 

£ 

8 

44 

44 

July, 

7  a  74 

5.37a5.40 

4  a  1 

c; 

44 

44 

a 

44 

August, 

7  a  74 

5.40a 

4  a  1 

44 

44 

44 

4 

44 

44 

September, 

74  a  84 

5.32a5.40 

1  a  14 

44 

44 

44 

l 

44 

44 

October, 

6f  a  84 

5.35a5.45 

14 

44 

44 

44 

JL 

44 

44 

November, 

54  a  7 

5.40a5.47 

14a  2 

4; 

44 

44 

44 

December, 

44  a  54 

5.47a5.52 

14a  2 

44 

44 

44 

par 

1847 


January, 

February, 

March, 

April, 

May, 

June, 

July, 

August, 

September, 

October, 

November, 

December, 


foreign: 

DOMESTIC. 

Sterling. 

Per  cent.  prem. 

French 

60  Day  Bills 
York. 

on  New 

Bank  Checks  on 
New  York. 

4 

a 

5# 

5.52a 

If 

a 

2  per.c 

5.  disc’t. 

par 

4f 

a 

5* 

5.45a5.52 

If 

a 

2 

44 

44 

par 

3 

a 

44 

5.47a5.52 

If 

a 

2 

44 

44 

par 

3 

a 

44 

5.47a5.52 

1 

a 

2 

44 

44 

par  a 

f  pr.c.pm 

5f 

a 

64 

5.37a5.45 

1 

a 

If 

44 

44 

f  pei 

cent,  pm 

54 

a 

6 

5.37a5.40 

f 

a 

If 

44 

44 

f  “ 

a  a 

5* 

a 

5.40a 

f 

a 

1 

44 

« 

f  “ 

44  44 

5f 

a 

5.40a 

f 

a 

1 

44 

« 

f  “ 

44  44 

5f 

a 

7* 

5.35a5.40 

f 

a 

1 

44 

44 

4  “ 

44  44 

7 

a 

8 

5.32a5.35 

f 

a 

1 

44 

44 

“ 

a  u 

71 

4  4 

a 

74 

5.32a 

1 

44 

<( 

f  a  £  per  c.  “ 

"  " 

"  “ 

-  “ 

- 

- 

- 

- 

f 

a  a  a 

22 


166 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


1848 

FOREIGN. 

DOMESTIC. 

Sterling, 
percent,  prem. 

French 

00  Day  Bills  on  New 
York. 

Bank  Checks  on 
New  York. 

January, 

8f  a  94 

- 

1-Jr  a  If  per  c.  dis’t 

f  per  cent  pm. 

February, 

84  a 

- 

14  per  cent.  “ 

:i.  u  «  « 

March, 

8  a  8f 

5.35a 

IF  a  If  per  c.  dis’t 

faf  pr  c.  pm. 

April, 

6f  a  8 

5.35a 

If  a  2  per  c.  “ 

faf  “  “ 

May, 

6f  a  6f 

-  -  - 

2  per  cent.  •  “ 

f  per  cent,  pm 

June, 

6f  a  6f 

- 

O  u  u  a 

A 

3  a  a  a 

■f 

July, 

6J-  a  7 

5.40a 

f  a  If  “  “  “ 

faf  pr  c.  pm. 

August, 

7f  a  8 

- 

If  a  If  per  c.  “ 

'f  per  cent,  pm 

September, 

7f  a  8 

5.30a5.37 

If  a  14  “  «  “ 

a  a  « 

October, 

7f  a  8 

5.30a5.35 

If  a  If  “  “  “ 

ft  u  u 

4: 

November, 

64  a  Hr 

5.30a5.35 

If  a  2  “  “  “ 

f  a  f  pr  c.  pm. 

December, 

7  a  7 f 

5.30a5.35 

If  a  2  “  “  “ 

f  per  cent,  pm 

RAIL  ROADS. 


167 


SOUTH  CAROLINA  RAIL  ROAD. 

# 

The  “  South  Carolina  Canal  and  Rail  Road  Compa¬ 
ny”  was  chartered  in  1827,  and  the  construction  of  the 
Road  commenced  at  Charleston,  in  1831.  It  was 
completed  to  Hamburg,  and  on  through  to  the  opposite 
side  of  the  Savannah  River,  to  Augusta,  in  the  year 
1833. 

It  was  at  that  time,  and  for  many  years  after,  the 
longest  continuous  line  of  Rail  Road  in  the  United 
States,  or  Europe.  It  lays  claim  to  having  introduced 
the  first  Locomotive  of  English  construction,  in  Amer¬ 
ica,  and  of  having  encouraged  the  first  enterprise, 
through  Mr.  Miller  of  Charleston,  to  construct  Loco- 
comotives  in  the  United  States.  The  Locomotive, 
“  Miller,”  ran  with  great  success  upon  the  road  for 
many  years. 

In  1835,  the  “  Louisville,  Cincinnati  and  Charleston 
Rail  Road  Company,”  was  chartered,  the  design  of 
which  was,  to  have  constructed  a  Road  from  an  inter¬ 
section  with  the  above  Road,  to  some  point  on  the 
Ohio  River,  near  the  City  of  Cincinnati ;  failing  to 
obtain  a  continuous  Charter  through  all  of  the  inter- 
mediate  States,  combined  with  other  causes,  this  plan 
was  finally  abandoned. 

Subsequently,  the  “  Louisville,  Cincinnati  and 
Charleston  Rail  Road  Company”  purchased  out  the 
Stock,  Road,  and  Corporate  privileges  of  the  “  South 
Carolina  Canal  and  Rail  Road  Company,”  and  in  1844 
the  two  Charters  were  united  by  an  Act  of  the  Leg- 
lature,  under  one  Corporation,  now  known  as  the 
“  South  Carolina  Rail  Road  Company.” 

Since  1833,  two  branches  have  been  added  to  the 
original  line  of  Road  ;  one  by  the  “  Louisville,  Cin¬ 
cinnati  and  Charleston  Rail  Road  Company,  from 


168 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Branchville  to  Columbia,  of  sixty-eight  miles,  comple¬ 
ted  in  1842;  and  the  other  by  the  present  Corpora¬ 
tion,  from  an  intersection  with  the  Columbia  Branch 
to  Camden,  of  thirty-seven  miles,  finished  in  1848. 
The  entire  roads  now  forming  an  aggregate  of  two 
hundred  and  forty-one  miles  within  the  State,  under 
the  jurisdiction  and  management  of  the  44  South  Caro¬ 
lina  Rail  Road  Company.” 

For  much  of  this  information,  we  are  indebted  to 
Col.  James  Gadsden,  President  of  the  Company. 

It  is  also  deemed  proper  here  to  remark,  that  in 
addition  to  the  above  Road,  two  other  companies  have 
been  chartered  by  this  State,  whose  line  of  roads  will 
communicate  continuously  with  the  above.  The  one 
chartered  in  1846,  under  the  name  of  the  44  Charlotte 
and  South  Carolina  Rail  Road  Company,”  the  con¬ 
struction  of  which  has  been  commenced  at  Columbia, 
and  when  completed  to  Charlotte,  in  North  Carolina, 
will  give  an  addition  of  one  hundred  and  nine  miles. 
The  other,  incorporated  also,  in  1846,  under  the  name 
of  the  44  Greenville  and  Columbia  Rail  Road  Company,” 
the  construction  of  which  has  also  been  commenced  at 
Columbia,  and  when  completed  to  Anderson  C.  H., 
South  Carolina,  will  make  an  addition  of  one  hundred 
and  twenty-six  miles  to  the  line.  Both  of  these  lines, 
forming  immediate  junction  with  the  South  Carolina 
Rail  Road,  will  doubtless,  through  the  facility  of  inter¬ 
course  afforded,  draw  more  attention  to  the  resources 
of  the  country,  and  must  necessarily  add  both  the  farm 
and  field  produce  now  comparatively  unavailable,  in 
those  sections  through  which  these  roads  are  destined 
to  pass,  to  the  commerce  of  the  City. 

The  following  Statistics  of  the  South  Carolina  Rail 
Road  are  given  from  the  published  reports,  and  in¬ 
formation  derived  from  the  Bureau  Department,  by 


nber  in  each  year . 


170 


REMARKS. 


Caj 


St0C  uth  Carolina,  &c. 


1834  - 

1835  - 

1836  - 

1837  -  - 

1838  -  - 

1839  -  - 

1840  -Cel,  to  Orangeburg. 

1841  -  “  Louisville, 

1842  -ed  through. 

1843  . 

1844  J 

1845  -  - 

1846  -  - 

1847  -  - 

1848  *fjthrough. 


Extension  of  Lines  of  Rail  Road  opened  West  of  Hamburg  and 
Augusta,  connecting  with  the  South  Carolina  Rail  Road. 


40  miles  opened  of  Geo.  R.R.and  Banking  Company, 

f88 

105 
{147 


66 

a 

a 


u 

u 

u 


u 

a 

cc 

66 


66 

66 

66 

66 


66 

66 

66 

66 


66 

66 

66 


155 

195 

213 

100 

18 


*  Tdes  the  debt  of  the 
Compaij _ _ 


Note- 


392  miles 

38  “ 

430  miles 


6<r 


66 

66 


66 

66 


66 

66 

66 


66 

66 

66 


66 

66 


66 

66 


n  “  Co.  to  Atlanta 

°f  Western  and  At’c.R.R.Co.  to  Dalton 
ot  a  Branch  fm  Kingston  to  Rome,  Ga, 


0  The  above  shows 

271  miles  opened,  running  directly  Westward  from 
Augusta. 

f  3  miles  included  of  a  Branch  to  Warrenton. 

^  l «  «  +i  -n  !  “  to  Athens. 

18  the  Branch  from  Kingston  to  Rome. 

331  miles  Total  communicating  with  the  South 
Carolina  Road  at  Hamburg. 


!  Capital ;  in 
Stock  paid  in 


Cost  of  con- 


^ 1  {>l1  is  tics  'ofr'  ~tf  i  e 11  ii  ~7rnTDi  T? ~~T — — — * — 7 — — — ■ — — y~  — ^  -  ■■ 

j  /  years  jiom  is  1  January  to  31  st  December  in  each  year . 


1834  -  .  . 

1835  -  .  . 

1836  -  .  . 

1837  -  .  . 

1838  -  .  . 

1839  -  .  . 

11840  -  .  . 

ll  841  -  -  . 

(1842  -  -  . 

1843  -  -  . 

1844  -  -  - 

1845  -  -  - 

1846  -  -  - 

1847  -  -  - 

1848  *$3,112,500 


Miles 

of 

Road 

struct  ion  ;  in¬ 
cluding  ain’t, 
paid  for  So.  Ca. 
Canal  and  R.R. 
Company. 

Miles 

Run. 

Passen¬ 

gers 

convey¬ 

ed. 

r  JFibl 

Up 

136 

*  wm 

154,000 

26,649 

$  55,009 

136 

“  -  - 

160,072 

34,283 

89.237 

136 

- 

161,160 

39,216 

101,335 

136 

- 

153,000 

41,554 

84.958 

136 

-  -  - 

190,264 

44,487 

111,027 

136 

- 

232.832 

37,283 

129,776 

153 

- 

232,656 

29,279 

110,732 

166 

-  -  - 

236.108 

35,141 

105,951 

204 

- 

286,995 

33,925 

131.989 

204 

-  -  - 

313.908 

37,740 

129,337 

204 

- 

310,812 

54,146 

163,778 

204 

- 

342,435 

56,785 

179,803 

204 

345,893 

64,136 

172,291 

204 

...”  ” 

327,539 

77,579 

201,481 

241  J*f 5,699,736  352,431 

75,149 

217,071 

Down 


Total  Re¬ 
ceipts  from 
all  sources. 


42,546  249,754 
38,699  271,614 
53,311  280,215 
323,381 
422,842 
388,127 
336,538 
408,705 
442.931 
532,870 
562,296 
589,082 
656,275 


52,395 
74,547 
77,771 
56,035 
95,876 
118,524 
148,769 
162,514 
179,399 
186,153 


produce  brought  down. 


Bales 

Cotton. 


Barrel: 

Flour. 


24,567 
34,760 
28,497 
34,395 
35,346 
52,585 
58,496 
54,064 
92,336 
128,047 
186,638 
197,657 
186,271 
134,302 


Bushels 

Corn. 


318,523;  800,0731274,364 


12,148 

19,043 

15,447 


BushelsT fi-rrels 
Wheat.  1  jupen- 
tine. 


334,761!  4,087 
201,1771  2,307 


48 
3,186 
,753! 


REMARKS. 


Additional  Lines  of  Road  opened  in  South  Carolina,  &c. 


5 


17  miles  of  Columbia  Branch  opened,  to  Oraurfeburfif. 

ll  l  “  ,  “  “  “  Louisville, 

”  “  Columbia  Branch  opened  through. 

Two  Companies  Consolidated. 


37  miles,  Camden  Branch  opened  through. 


Extension  of  Lines  of  Rail  Road  opened  West  of  Hamburg  and. 
Augusta,  connecting  with  the  South  Carolina  Rail  Road. 


40  miles  opened  of  Geo.  R.R.  and  Banking  Company, 
7  5 
+88 
105 
+147 


a 

ii 

ii 

ii 


ii 

ii 

ii 

a 


ii 

ii 

ii 

ii 


ii 

ii 

ii 

ii 


ii 

ii 

ii 

ii 


ii 

ii 

ii 

ii 


l 


*  The  Capital  of  the  Company  would  be  more  properly  represented  by  the  amount  under  the  hourl  of  e  n  ,  . 

jCompany  contracted  m  the  purchase  of  the  South  Carolina ‘Canid  and  Rail  Hoad  Company,  before  mentioned.0  *  Constructlon>  which  latter  includes  the  debt  of  the 

NoTE-The  XM^^2^betWeell tbe  naVi.gaWe  “  4  ^PPi  valley  and  the  At, antic  Ocean  win  be  through  the  above  lines,  as  followL  ‘ 

From  Augusta  to  Dalton,  .  miles  From  Savannah  to  Dalton,  -  .  ’f  .WS!  . 


155 

195 

213 

100 

18 


a 

i(r 

ii 

ii 

ii 


ii 

ii 

ii 


ii 

ii 

ii 


ii 

ii 

ii 


ii 

ii 


ii 

ii 


“  Co.  to  Atlanta] 
“  of  Western  and  At’c.R.R.Co.  to  Dalton 
“  of  a  Branch  fm  Kingston  to  Rome,  Ga, 


From  Augusta  to  Dalton,  .  . 

From  Dalton  to  Chattanooga,  (on  the  navigable  waters  of  the  Tennessee  River) 
to  be  opened  on  1st  November,  1849, 


271 
38 

445  miles 


a 


392  miles 

38  “ 

430  miles 


The  above  shows  , 

-71  miles  opened,  running  directly  Westward  from 
Augusta. 

3  miles  included  of  a  Branch  to  Warrenton. 

39  “  “  “  to  Athens 

18  “  **ie  Branch  from  Kingston  to  Rome.  j 

331  miles  Total  communicating  with  the  South' 
Carolina  Road  at  Hamburg 


RAIL  ROADS. 


169 


which  the  progressively  increasing  business  of  the 
Road  will  be  perceived.  It  has  developed  new  sources 
of  wealth  in  the  interior,  and  added  considerably  to  the 
commerce  of  the  City,  by  the  facility  of  placing  in  a 
larger  market,  the  Flour,  Corn,  Wheat  and  other  grain, 
with  the  Turpentine  productions  of  the  Interior,  which 
hitherto  had  been  less  available  there  ;  and,  in  con¬ 
nection  with  the  lines  of  Rail  Road  extending  west 
from  Hamburg,  has  placed  in  this  market,  western  pro¬ 
duce,  which  previously  sought  other  outlets. 


Steam  Engines  and  Manufacturing  Establishments,  in  active  operation  in  Charleston . 


172 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON 


PROVISION  MEAT  MARKET. 


173 


PROVISION  MEAT  MARKET. 


Statement  of  the  number  of  Neat  and  Small  Cat¬ 
tle,  and  Hogs,  brought  into  the  Charleston  market,  as 
Butcher’s  meat,  for  10  years. 


Beeves. 

Calves. 

Hogs. 

Sheep. 

Lambs. 

Kids 

1839 — January  to  April 

1,876 

446 

3,250 

1,692 

6 

Q 

O 

“  April  to  July, 

1,524 

1,882 

1,935 

619 

984 

18 

“  July  to  October 

2,354 

1.575 

818 

557 

689 

5 

“  October  to  Jan. 

2,311 

578 

3,438 

1,648 

46 

5 

Totals. 

8,065 

4,481 

9,441 

4,516 

1,725 

31 

1840 — January  to  April 

1,792 

499 

3,484 

1,821 

12 

8 

“  April  to  July 

1,388 

1,531 

1,873 

1,094 

615 

30 

“  July  to  October, 

2,314 

1,387 

1,283 

657 

637 

23 

“  October  to  Jan. 

2,707 

569 

4,225 

1,770 

72 

1 

Totals. 

8,201 

3,986 

10,865 

5,342 

1,336 

62 

1841 — January  to  April 

1,893 

148 

2,852 

1,536 

23 

3 

“  April  to  July, 

1,403 

1,754 

1,623 

965 

842 

11 

“  July  to  October 

2,654 

1,528 

1,364 

864 

732 

11 

“  October  to  Jan. 

2,410 

494 

4,319 

1,450 

36 

19 

Totals. 

8,360 

3,924 

10,158 

4,815 

1,633 

44 

1 842 — January  to  April 

1,692 

500 

3,829 

1,262 

15 

7 

“  April  to  July 

1,641 

1,691 

2,691 

1,100 

808 

8 

“  July  to  October 

2,846 

2,139 

2,286 

789 

1,056 

11 

“  October  to  Jan. 

2,709 

193 

4,978 

1,520 

73 

4 

Totals. 

8,888 

4,523 

13,784 

4,671 

1,952 

30 

1 843 — January  to  April 

1,835 

582 

5,411 

1,201 

10 

1 

“  April  to  July 

1,026 

2,217 

2,176 

1,204 

745 

28 

“  July  to  October 

2,667 

1,826 

1,146 

828 

597 

17 

“  October  to  Jan. 

2,816 

547 

3,910 

1,896 

30 

12 

Totals. 

8,344 

5,172 

12,643 

5,129 

1,382 

58 

1844 — January  to  April 

2,027 

467 

3,310 

1,801 

9 

7 

April  to  July 

1,522 

2,083 

1,896 

906 

896 

11 

July  to  October 

2,840 

1,758 

1,669 

729 

698 

5 

October  to  Jan. 

2,739 

697 

3,545 

1,699 

45 

2 

Totals. 

9,128 

5,005 

10,420 

5,135 

1,641 

25 

1845 — January  to  April 

1,889 

704 

3,550 

1,491 

43 

5 

“  April  to  July 

1,625 

2,256 

1,998 

837 

1,070 

14 

“  July  to  October 

2,997 

2,201 

1,698 

877 

831 

12 

“  October  to  Jan. 

3,259 

974 

3,498 

1,802 

68 

00 

Totals. 

9,770 

6,135 

10,744 

5,007 

2,012 

31 

174 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Eeeves. 

Calves. 

Hogs. 

Sheep. 

Lambs. 

Kids. 

1846 — January  to  April 

1,851 

522 

3,105 

1,308 

3 

18 

“  April  to  July 

1,661 

2,282 

1,744 

826 

31 

3 

“  July  to  October 

2,982 

2,186 

1,298 

829 

848 

19 

“  October  to  Jan. 

2,897 

784 

3,332 

1,646 

50 

18 

Totals. 

9,391 

5,774 

9,479 

4,609 

932 

58 

]  847 — January  to  April 

2,825 

426 

3,171 

1,721 

7 

18 

April  to  July 

1,639 

2,263 

2,286 

823 

1,137 

15 

“  July  to  October 

3,289 

1,933 

1,467 

1,003 

674 

27 

“  October  to  Jan. 

3,222 

844 

3,190 

1,698 

38 

1 

Totals. 

10,975 

5,466 

10,114 

5,245 

1,856 

61 

1848 — January  to  April 

1,899 

651 

3,620 

1,662 

37 

6 

“  April  to  July 

1,562 

2,211 

2,074 

687 

1,358 

4 

“  July  to  October 

2,984 

2,060 

1,800 

817 

778 

17 

“  October  to  Jan. 

3,220 

921 

3,905 

1,605 

30 

5 

Totals. 

9,665 

5,843 

11,399 

4,771 

2,203 

32 

Note. — In  addition  to  the  remarks  made  on  Exports, 
Imports,  Duties,  &c.,  (page  133)  it  should  also  have 
been  stated  that  the  Duties  collected  on  Imports  from 
1837  to  1848  do  not  always  correspond  to  the  division 
of  the  year  given  in  the  margin,  but  in  some  instances 
they  are  from  January  to  December.  The  four  last 
years  particularly  are  from  January  to  December  in 
each  year,  and  only  contain  the  duties  collected  in 
Charleston,  which  were  obtained  from  the  books  of  the 
Custom  House  in  Charleston,  through  the  politeness  of 
Mr.  Grayson,  the  Collector  of  the  Port. 

This  discrepancy  arose  from  our  inability  to  obtain 
the  official  statements  from  Government  documents,  and 
we  were  obliged  to  rely  upon  other  sources.  The  ag¬ 
gregate  duties  collected  from  1837  to  1848,  it  is  believed 
will  be  found  very  nearly  correct,  as  the  foreign  imports 
into  other  ports  in  this  State  are  inconsiderable. 


CITY  ACCOUNTS. 


175 


CITY  ACCOUNTS. 


The  subjoined  statements  which  have  been  copied 
from  the  Treasurer’s  Report,  made  to  the  City  Council 
in  August,  1849,  will  shew  the  liabilities  of  the  City  and 
her  resources  to  meet  those  liabilities.  And  also  the 
statement  of  the  loans  made  under  the  Fire  Loan  Act 
for  rebuilding  the  City  after  the  destructive  lire  of  the 
28th  April,  1838. 

Statement  of  Indebtedness  of  the  City  of  Charleston. 

DR. 


1849 — Aug.  31.  To  issue  of  6  per  cent, 
stock  of  1818,  balance  held  by 
Trustees  and  Commissioners  Orphan 
House,  - 

To  issue  6  per  cent,  stock,  1838, 

“  “  6  “  “  1849, 

to  redeem  issue  of  1839, 

To  issue  6  per  cent,  stock,  1840, 

“  “  6  “  “  1845, 

To  special  issue  6  per  ct.  stock,  1840, 
To  special  issue  (3  per  ct.  stock,  1848, 
To  issue  29th  December,  1848,6  per 
cent,  stock,  - 
To  issue  5  percent,  stock,  1835, 

“  “  5  “  “  1837, 

“  “  5  “  “  1838, 

“  “  5  “  “  1824, 

balance  held  by  Orphan  House, 

To  issue  special  5  per  cent,  stock, 

To  issue  on  account  Charleston  Col¬ 
lege,  per  Ordinance  1839,  - 

To  issue  on  account  High  School, 


$7,563  86 
125,000  00 

200.000  00 
92,575  00 
36,665  50 
4,666  50 
50,000  00 

44,120  29 — 560,591 
237,004  91 
47,495  49 
41,115  88 

9,180  06 

13,784  18—348,580 

13.250  00 

13.250  00—  26,500 


15 


•>*> 


00 


$935,671  47 

CR. 

1849 — -Aug.  31.  By  assets  of  the  General  Sinking 

Fund,  (page  176)  -  547,438  93 

By  balance,  being  the  actual  debt  due  by  the  city,  388,232  54 


$935,671  47 

In  the  above  statement,  the  Real  Estate  held  by  the 
Corporation  is  not  included,  a  portion  of  which  is  not 

used  by  the  city,  and  can  be  made  available  during  the 

23 


176 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


coming  year.  The  indebtedness  of  the  city  to  the 

Bank  of  the  State,  on  account  of  the  Fire  Loan,  is  not 

included  in  the  above  statement,  and  stands  thus — 

Due  to  the  Bank,  for  property  purchased  in  by  the  City, 

as  sold  under  foreclosure  by  the  Bank,  -  -  $230,703 

Amount  paid  into  the  Bank  of  the  State  towards  the 

liquidation  of  sum,  -  -  -  106,540 

Estimated  value  of  property  on  hand  from  above 

purchases,  -  58,000-164,540 


Leaving  this  amount  to  be  provided  for  and  of  course 
added  to  the  indebtedness  of  $388,232  54,  as 
above  stated,  -  $66,163 


Statement  of  General  Sinking  Fund ,  from  Sept .  1,  1848, 

to  August  31,  1849. 

DR. 


To  balance  from  last  year,  -  -  -  110  221  99 

“  capital  on  bonds  received,  (from  old  bonds,)  8,143  87 
“  capital  on  bonds  received,  (from  new  bonds,)  82  ,000  00 


“  interest  on  bonds  received, 

“  cash  portions  on  sales  of  houses, 

“  interest  on  ditto,  - 
“  proceeds  of  issue  of  6  per  cent,  stock, 
“  proceeds  of  issue  of  6  percent,  stock, 
“  new  bonds  received — tire  loans, 

“  marsh  lots,  bonds  and  cash, 

“  bonds  purchased  from  city  cash, 


-  90,143  87 

5,114  88 
15,635  00 
9  72 

200  000  00 

44  120  20  244,120  29 
63,255  00 
17,055  00 
6,584  00 


“  dividends  and  interest  on  stocks, 

“  rents,  - 

“  city  cash  loaned  and  returned,  - 
“  assets  of  three  special  funds  consolidated 
into  this  by  ordinance, 

“  profit  and  loss  on  redemption  of  stock, 

“  purchase  of  stock,  city  five’s,  in  anticipation 

of  redemption  in  January  next,  •  6,000  00 

Rail  Road  Scrip,  with  interest  to  the  10th 
of  August,  and  interest  to  continue  by 
special  arrangement,  -  -  4,922  73 

200  old  and  200  new  shares  in  Bank  of 

Charleston,  -  -  -  31,500  00 


86,894  00 
2,063  00 
1,189  50 
23,284  85 

368  950  00 
202  00 


42,422  73 


$996,251  83 


CITY  ACCOUNTS. 


177 


CIl. 


By  payment  on  bonds,  and  therefore  deducted 
from  their  face,  - 

“  cash  loaned  to  the  city, 

“  stock  redeemed,  6  per  cent.  -  200,000  00 

“  5  per  cent.  Rail  Road,  -  .  63,275  00 

*'  Cancelled  5  per  cent.  Rail  Road,  -  1,000  CO 


“  profit  and  loss,  paid  up  before  due,  (bond)  - 
“  stock  redeemed,  5  per  cent, 

“  stock  purchased,  redeemable  in  January, 

“  real  estate  sold, 

“  cash  paid  for  shares  in  Bank  of  Charleston, 
“  cash  paid  to  the  city  for  Rail  Road  Scrip 
receivable,  with  interest  thereon  to  10th 
August, 

“  cash  paid  to  the  city  for  three  bonds, 


90,143  87 
23,284  85 


264,275  00 
47  45 
5,000  03 
6,000  00 
17,055  00 
31,500  00 


4,922  73 
6,584  00 


$449,812  90 


Assets  of  the 

Stocks,  - 

Bonds  receivable,  *  - 

Real  Estate, 

Cash  in  Bank,  - 


Fund . 

202,660  73 
269.869  13 
24,213  17 
50,695  90 


547,438  93 


$996,251  83 


Statement  of  Fire  Loan  Bonds ,  up  to  the  1st  July,  1849. 


|  Original  Loan 

Balance  prin¬ 
cipal  due. 

Balance  inter¬ 
est  due. 

REMARKS. 

No.  1 

15,000 

10,200 

1,143 

U  o 

—i 

4,650 

- 

- 

Paid  in  full. 

“  3 

4,500 

3,616  18 

.76  96 

“  4 

33,375 

33,375 

1,747  50 

“  5 

2,700 

972 

Int.  paid 

“  6 

1,700 

-  -  - 

-  -  - 

Paid  in  full. 

“  7 

2,700 

1,242 

Int.  paid 

“  8 

24,750 

8.986  34 

507  85 

“  9 

99,102  50 

89,500 

Int.  jaaid 

“  10 

6,500 

... 

- 

Paid  in  full. 

“  11 

9,300 

4,000 

Int.  paid 

“  12 

6,000 

5,280 

- 

Property  sold  covers  debt. 

“  13 

5,625 

2,850 

Int.  paid 

“  14 

7,125 

7,125 

209  76 

“  15 

4,500 

3,700 

Int.  paid 

“  16 

12,000 

2,400 

Int.  paid 

“  17 

4,055 

• 

-  -  - 

Paid  in  full. 

“  18  ! 

4,350 

- 

-  -  - 

Paid  in  full. 

“  19 

1,820 

1,263  73 

Int.  paid 

178 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Statement  oj  Fire  Loan  Bonds — continued. 


Original  Loai 

Balance  prin 
cipal  due. 

Balance  inter 
est  due. 

REMARKS. 

No.  20 

9,000 

5,490 

347  9c 

5 

“  21 

2,700 

1,782 

Int.  paid 

“  22 

4,800 

3,552 

Int.  paid 

“  23 

4,500 

1,785 

Int.  paid 

“  24 

12,900 

10,450 

203  9C 

44  25 

3,600 

- 

Paid  in  full. 

“  2G 

|  15,450 

10,815 

648  9C 

44  27 

7.500 

2,700 

Int.  paid 

44  28 

5,200 

|  1,872 

Int.  paid 

> 

44  29 

9,975 

8,130  50 

1,216  6£ 

1 

44  30 

i  20,200 

7,162 

Int.  paid 

1 

“  31 

30,100 

|  20,771  50 

1,717  22! 

«  32 

2,014 

906  30 

35  24 

44  33 

4,200 

2,597  44 

170  09 

44  34 

16,950 

16,540 

1,460  95 

“  35 

5,200 

|  3,432 

:  Int.  paid 

44  36 

4,650 

350 

|  Int.  paid 

44  37 

1  1,050 

-  -  - 

Paid  in  full. 

44  38 

I  20,100 

7,236 

!  Int.  paid 

44  39 

9,900 

888 

|  Int.  paid 

44  40 

4,500 

2,246  14 

i  Int.  paid 

44  41 

1  3,150 

|  1,716 

I  Int.  paid 

44  42 

27,900 

15,000 

|  Int.  paid 

44  43 

17,600 

8,000 

Int.  paid 

44  44 

4,500 

- 

Paid  in  full. 

44  45 

4,050 

- 

i 

_  m  m 

Paid  in  full. 

44  46 

3,750 

2,475 

Int.  paid 

44  47 

1,920 

1,197  60 

Int.  paid 

44  48 

4,320 

2,851  20 

Int.  paid 

44  49 

4,200 

_  _  _ 

_  _  - 

Paid  in  full. 

44  50 

17,350 

• 

Paid  in  full. 

44  51 

5,500 

2,805 

168  30 

44  52 

4,500 

3,380 

Int.  paid 

44  53 

3,150 

1,606  50 

32  13 

44  54 

20,000 

9,000 

Int.  paid 

* 

44  55 

12,000 

5,985  96 

Int.  paid 

44  56 

2.500 

2,050 

Int.  paid 

44  57 

8,250 

4,181  38 

Int.  paid 

44  58 

10,500 

5,355 

Int.  paid 

44  59 

4,072  50! 

Paid  in  full. 

44  60 

4,500 

-  -  -  i 

Paid  in  full. 

44  61 

5,400 

3,294 

197  64 

44  62 

17,150 

17,150 

Suspended  in  Chancery. 

44  63 

4,200 

1,100 

80  44 

44  64 

6,750 

2,767  50 

Int.  paid  1 

44  65 

2,475  j 

990 

Int.  paid 

44  66 

2,250 

2,071  67 

85  62 

44  67 

15,600 

14,456 

867  36 

44  68 

5,062  50) 

3,746  25 

Int.  paid 

44  69 

10,000 

4,670 

Int.  paid 

44  70 

32,750 

- 

-  -  -  [ 

3aid  in  full. 

44  71 

10,500 

5,355 

Int.  paid 

44  72 

45,900 

45,900 

3,691  60 

44  73 

2,406  69 

-  -  - 

-  -  -  I 

’aid  in  full. 

44  74 

6,000 

2,160 

Int.  paid 

CITY  ACCOUNTS. 


179 


Statement  of  Fire  Loan  Bonds— continued. 


Original  Loan 

Balance  prin¬ 
cipal  due. 

Balance  inter¬ 
est  due. 

RKMARKS. 

No.  75 
“  76 
“  77 
“  78 
“  79 
“  80 
“  81 
“  82 
“  83 
“  84 
“  85 
“  86 
“  87 
“  88 
“  89 
“  90 
“  91 

7,200 
3,637  50 
9,000 
9,900 
4,125 

9.600 

2.600 

6.500 
3,250 
4,000 

10,500 

3,825 

3,825 

9,000 

6,240 

13,680 

4.500 

6,336 
2,400  75 
6,300 
9,405 
1,800 
9,440 
1,046 
4,640 
2,860 

8,694  35 
■  3,085  50 
2,966 
5,100 

4,924  80 
3,823  39 

829  22 
Int.  paid 
88  28 
Int.  paid 
Int.  paid 
Int.  paid 
Int.  paid 
Int.  paid 
Int.  paid 

Int.  paid 
Int.  paid 
Int.  paid 
Int.  paid 

Int.  paid 
Int.  paid 

Paid  in  full 

Paid  in  full. 

Total.  '885,780  69 

525,301  98 

15,526  57 

Statement  of  Fire  Loan  Bonds ,  up  to  date  of  sale  of 

Property. 


Name. 

|  Original  Loan 

Amt  principal 
and  int.  due 
at  time  of  sale 

Amount  re¬ 
ceived  by  city 
on  re-sale. 

Remarks. 

A.  Black, 

j  45,722  50 

35,376  67 

19,230  00 

7,000  00 

)  amount  received  for 
£  property  sold. 

}  estimated  value  un- 

Charleston  Hotel, 

75,000  00 

84,622  33 

57,000  00 

S  sold  property. 

C.  W.  Cramer, 

3,750  00 

4,188  75 

4,550  00 

T.  Fell, 

5,250  00 

5,923  00 

6,000  00 

esti’ed.  value  unsold. 

A.  Fourgeaud, 

17,550  00 

20,821  50 

15,000  00 

• 

esti’ed.  value  unsold. 

B.  Johnson, 

8,700  00 

9,823  26 

7,250  00 

J.  C.  Ker, 

34,500  00 

36,376  50 

8,000  00 

30,000  00 

)  amount  receivedfor 

S  property  sold, 
esti’ed.  value  unsold. 

P.  Ling, 

4,500  00 

4,883  75 

3,800  00 

B.  S.  Smith,  trust 

6,900  00 

7,900  00 

7,410  23 

Jas.  H.  Sutcliffe, 

11,910  00 

13,303  00 

7,430  00 

Tovey  &  Babson, 

4,875  00 

5,406  25 

4,400  00 

Jenny  Turpin. 

2,700  00 

3,078  00 

2,700  00 

Total. 

221,357  50 

230,703  00  179,770  23 

180  CENSUS  OF  CHARLELTON. 

BIRTHS,  MARRIAGES  AND  DEATHS. 

The  number  of  births,  marriages  and  deaths  that 
annually  occur  in  a  place,  is  an  element  of  information 
indispensable  to  a  correct  view  of  the  population; 
hence,  in  almost  all  civilized  governments,  records  are 
now  made,  and  means  exist,  lor  obtaining  these  facts.” 
AV  e  quote  the  above  from  Mr.  Shattuck,  deeming  it 
worthy  of  the  serious  attention  of  the  City  authorities, 
and  of  the  State  at  large.  Our  information  on  this 
head  is  confined  to  a  single  year,  as  no  records  have 
ever  been  kept,  either  by  the  State  or  City,  of  Births 
and  marriages.  Two  or  three  years  ago,  the  City 
Council  passed  an  ordinance,  in  which  it  was  rendered 
incumbent  on  the  City  Register,  to  keep  a  registry  of 
all  the  Births,  Marriages  and  Deaths ;  but  the  mode  of 
obtaining  this  information  was  not  specified,  and  after 
long  and  fruitless  efforts  to  obtain  the  required  infor¬ 
mation,  the  plan  was  abandoned  as  impracticable. 
Recently  the  Board  of  Health  passed  a  resolution, 
urging  upon  Council  the  propriety  of  passing  such  laws 
upon  the  subject,  as  would  enable  the  City  Register  to 
perform  the  duties  imposed  by  the  ordinance,  and  we 
trust  that  at  no  distant  day  that  body  will  give  their 
serious  attention  to  a  matter  of  so  great  importance  to 
every  civilized  community. 

The  number  of  Births,  Marriages  and  Deaths  that 
occurred  in  the  City  in  1848,  were  obtained  by  personal 
enquiries,  and  the  results  are  as  follows. 


Wards. 

WHITES. 

SLAVES. 

FREE 

COLORED. 

05 

OJ 

Females. 

Totals. 

Males. 

Females. 

H 

o 

S®  * 

* 

Males. 

CD 

3 

p 

H- < 

CD 

02 

Totals. 

1 

40 

30 

70 

44 

44 

88 

4 

2 

6 

2 

45 

49 

94 

78 

61 

139 

10 

7 

17 

3 

70 

76 

146 

50 

45 

95 

4 

7 

11 

4 

74 

81 

155 

86 

i 

76 

162 

13 

9 

22 

Total 

229 

236  | 

465 

258 

226 

484 

31 

25 

56 

BIRTHS,  MARRIAGES  AND  DEATHS. 


181 


The  proportion  which  the  male  bear  to  the  female 
births,  in  each  class  of  the  population,  appears  from 
the  following  table : 


Male, 

Female, 

Births. 

229 

236 

WHITES. 

Proportion. 

49.24=97.00 :  or  100. 

50.76  100.  toT  03.00 

465 

100.00 

Male, 

Female, 

Births. 

258 

226 

SLAVES. 

Proportion. 

53.31=100.00  :  or  112.03 
46.69  87.58  to  100. 

484 

100.00 

Male, 

Female, 

Births. 

31 

25 

FREE  COLORED. 

Proportion. 

55.36=100.  :  or  124.01 

44.64  80.63  to  100. 

56  100.00 

It  appears  that  during  the  year  1 848,  the  male  births 
unions  the  white  population  were  less  by  3  per  cent, 
than  the  female.  This  must  be  considered  an  excep¬ 
tional  year  in  this  respect,  for  in  almost  all  years  in 
which  enumerations  of  the  population  have  been  made, 
the  males  have  exceeded  the  females,  and  a  reference 
to  the  subject  of  “  Public  Health”  will  show  that  the 

male  deaths  exceed  the  female.  As  there  are  no  other 
years,  however,  with  which  the  births  can  be  compared, 
the  present  proportions  must  remain,  to  be  corrected 
by  future  observations.  Among  the  slave  and  free 
colored  population,  the  male  exceed  the  female  births 
by  13,  and  20  per  cent.;  there  must,  however,  be  a  greater 
mortality  of  the  males  in  these  classes  at  the  early 
ages  than  of  the  females — for  at  10  years  the  females 
exceed  the  males  among  the  slaves,  and  the  female  free 
colored  exceed  the  males  at  all  ages. 


182 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


The  following  table  exhibits  the  proportion  of  births 
to  the  population,  in  each  of  the  three  classes  of  the 
population,  and  in  the  slaves  and  free  colored  combined, 
for  the  year  1848. 

Births.  Population.  In  ICO.  One  in 

Whites,  -  -  465  14,187  3.27  30 

Slaves,  -  -  -  484  10,772  4.49  22 

Free  Colored,  -  -  56  1,492  3.86  25 

Slaves  and  Free  Colored,  540  12,264  4.40  22 

It  appears  from  this  table  that  the  births  among  the 
slave  population  are  proportionally  the  most  numerous, 
and  least  numerous  among  the  whites  ;  the  free  colored 
being  intermediate  in  fecundity.  If  the  above  table  be 
now  compared  with  the  deaths  for  the  year  1848,  it  will 
be  seen  that  the  births  exceed  the  deaths  among  the 
whites  by  upwards  of  one  per  cent.,  and  among  the 
colored  population  the  deaths  are  nearly  two  per  cent, 
less  than  the  births. 


Deaths. 

1848. 

Population. 

III  100. 

One  in. 

Whites, 

303 

14,187 

2.13 

46 

% , 

Colored, 

311 

12,264 

2.53 

39 

Marriages. — The  following  table  exhibits  the  mar¬ 
riages  that  occurred  among  the  whites  during  the  year 
1848,  and  the  proportion  to  the  population  of  each 
Ward. 


Ward. 

1 

Marriages. 

14 

Population. 

2,307 

In  100. 

.61 

One  in, 

164 

o 

28 

2,578 

1.08 

92 

3 

45 

3,898 

1.15 

86 

4 

55 

5,404 

1,02 

98 

Totals, 

142 

14,187 

1.00 

99 

Comparisons  of  the  marriages  cannot  be  made  with 
those  of  any  other  year,  as  these  have  never  before 
been  ascertained.  It  will  be  seen  by  comparing  these 
tables  with  the  tables  on  page  9,  that  the  marriages 
were  most  numerous  in  the  Ward  containing  the  great¬ 
est  proportion  of  foreign  population. 


PUBLIC  HEALTH. 


183 


PUBLIC  HEALTH  OF  THE  POPULATION. 

Before  entering  upon  this  subject,  we  have  deemed  it 

advisable  to  give  a  brief  account  of  the  climate,  as  it 

must,  in  some  degree,  exert  an  influence  on  the  public 

health  of  every  community.  Charleston  is  situated  at 

the  junction  of  the  Ashley  and  Cooper  Rivers,  in  north 

latitude  32  degrees,  45  seconds,  and  west  longitude 

from  Greenwich,  7!)  degrees,  57  seconds.  The  climate 

is  exceedingly  variable,  and  is  well  described  bv  Ram- 

•/ 

say,  the  historian,  who  says,  u  It  is  a  medium  between 
that  of  tropical  countries,  and  of  cold  temperate  lati¬ 
tudes  ;  it  resembles  the  former  in  the  degree  and  dura¬ 
tion  oi  its  summer  heat,  and  the  latter  in  its  variable¬ 
ness,  In  tropical  climates,  the  warmest  and  coldest 
days  do  not,  in  the  course  of  a  twelvemonth,  vary 
more  than  sixteen  degrees  of  Farenheit’s  thermometer. 
There  is  consequently,  but  little  distinction  between 
their  summer  and  winter ;  but  a  variation  of  eighty- 
three  degrees  between  the  heat  and  cold  of  different 
days  ol  the  same  years,  and  of  forty-six  degrees  in  the 
different  hours  oi  the  same  day,  in  South  Carolina, 
is  to  be  found  in  its  historical  records.”  This  sudden 
change  of  forty-six  degrees  is  recorded  by  Dr.  Chal¬ 
mers,  as  occurring  in  the  year  1751.  In  1813,  it  is 
stated  that  there  was  a  fall  of  forty-four  degrees  in  a 
few  hours.  Dr.  Shecut  mentions  a  fall  of  thirty-three 
degrees  in  twelve  hours,  occurring  in  1819.  At  the 
present  time,  however,  such  great  variations  are  not 
so  common.  In  Dr.  Chalmer’s  tables  for  ten  years, 
from  1/50  to  1759,  the  mean  annual  temperature  was 
sixty-eight  degrees ;  for  the  period  of  ten  years,  from 
1803  to  1818,  Dr.  Shecut  gives  the  mean  annual  tem¬ 
perature  at  sixty  degrees,  or  a  difference  of  eight 
degrees  in  the  mean  annual  temperature  of  the  city,  in 


184- 


census  OF  CHARLESTON. 


the  space  of  sixty  years.  From  1840  to  the  present 
time,  the  mean  animal  temperature  has  been  sixty-four 
degrees ;  showing  an  increase  of  the  mean  tempera¬ 
ture  of  four  degrees,  since  1819.  This  increase  is 
mainly  attributable  to  the  increased  mildness  of  our 
winters,  as  the  Thermometrical  tables,  which  follow, 
will  show  a  sensible  decrease  in  the  heat  of  snmmer, 
as  compared  wTith  the  years  mentioned  by  Drs.  Chal¬ 
mers  and  She  cut. 


Years. 

Mean  Annual  Temperature. 

Highest  Deg. 

Lowest  Deg. 

Annual  Rain. 

1750 

65  deg 

rees. 

96 

25 

53.50 

1751 

67 

a 

94 

23 

54.43 

1752 

67 

u 

101 

18 

46.49 

1753 

67 

u 

91 

28 

40.93 

1754 

68 

u 

93 

22 

37.06 

1755 

65 

u 

90 

27 

44.14 

1756 

67 

u 

96 

26 

33.76 

1757 

66 

90 

25 

40.17 

1758 

64 

u 

95 

25 

31.95 

1759 

67 

u 

94 

27 

34.51 

The  inhabitants  were  exempt  from  Yellow  fever  from 


1750  to  1799,  with  the  exception  of  a  few  cases  in 
1753  and  1755. 

There  is  no  notice  of  the  prevalence  of  winds  for 
this  period.  The  average  fall  of  rain  for  ten  years, 
was  41.69  inches  ;  the  greatest  fall  being  54.43,  in 
1751,  and  the  least  31.95  inches,  in  1758.  The  mean 


annual  temperature  for  this  period  of  ten  years,  was 
66  degrees;  the  highest  being  101,  in  1752,  and  the 
lowest  18  degrees,  in  the  same  year. 


Years. 

Mean  Heat. 

Highest  Deg. 

Lowest  Deg. 

Prevailing 

Winds. 

Annual  Rain. 

1792 

66  degrees. 

93 

34 

E 

1793 

66  “ 

89 

31 

W 

1794 

65 

91 

29 

E 

1795 

64 

92 

29 

E 

74.2 

1796 

65 

89 

17 

w 

58.1 

PUBLIC  HEALTH, 


185 


Years. 

Mean  Heat. 

Highest  Deg. 

Lowest  Deg. 

Prevailing 

Winds. 

Annual  Rain. 

1797 

65 

a 

88 

22 

w 

55. 

1798 

64 

u 

90 

31 

E 

45.2 

1799 

65 

a 

91 

23 

W 

75.4 

1800 

64 

a 

89 

28 

w 

51.6 

1801 

67  * 

90 

30 

w 

42.9 

These  results  are  from  observations  kept  by  Dr, 


Wilson.  The  prevailing  winds,  for  a  period  of  ten 
years,  1792  to  1801,  were  westerly.  The  average  fall 
oi  rain,  for  the  eight  years  specified  in  this  period, 
was  57.5  inches.  The  highest  thermometries!  range, 
93  degrees,  in  1792,  and  the  lowest,  17  degrees,  in 
1796.  The  mean  annual  temperature  was  65  degrees. 

The  yellow  fever  raged  every  summer  during  this 
period,  with  the  exception  of  1793  and  1798. 


Years. 

Mean  Heat. 

Highest  Deg. 

Lowest  Deg. 

Prevailing 

Winds. 

Annual  Rain. 

1802 

68  degrees. 

89 

32 

W 

39.1 

1803 

67 

a 

90 

30 

E 

58.9 

1804 

67 

a 

91 

34 

W 

54.3 

1805 

68  ' 

u 

91 

26 

wr 

37.3 

1806 

68 

ii 

92 

26 

E 

43.7 

1807 

68 

a 

92J 

24 

W 

42.2 

1808 

67 

ii 

91 

26 

w 

40.8 

1809 

67 

ii 

66.0 

1810 

67 

44 

45.4 

1811 

67 

ii 

49.3 

In  this  series  oi  years,  the  yellow  fever  was  very 
fatal  in  1802,  1804  and  1807  ;  slight  in  1803, 1805  and 
1806. 


The  annual  mean  for  this  series  often  years  was  67 
degrees.  The  highest  degree  being  92J,  in  1807,  and 
the  lowest  24  degrees,  in  1807.  The  average  fall  of 
rain  was  47.7  inches,  Prevailing  wind  from  west. 


186 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Abstract  of  Meteorological  Observations  at  Charleston - 

By  the  City  Inspectors . 


January, 

February, 

March, 

April, 

May, 

June, 

July, 

August, 

September, 

October, 

November, 

December, 


January, 

February, 

March, 

April, 

May, 

June, 

July, 

August, 

September, 

October, 

November, 

December, 


1832 


THERMOMETER. 

MEAN. 


7  a.  m.  |  2  p.m.  i  9  p.m. 


45 

53 

53 
61 

71 

72 
77 
77 

73 
63 

54 
49 


64 

66 

67 

70 

80 

85 

85 

83 

SO 

69 

62 

57 


46 

54 

55 
62 

74 
71 
77 
77 

75 
66 
57 
52 


1833 


Highest 

Degree. 


82 

80 

78 

83 

86 

90 

93 

87 

88 
81 
77 
69 


Lowest  ■ 
Degree. 


Prevailing 

Winds. 


20 

40 

41 

44 
58 
65 
72 
76 
67 

45 
40 
32 


NE. 

SW. 

NE. 

SW. 

SW. 

SW. 

SW. 

SW. 

SW. 

NE. 

N. 

NE. 


Weather 

Prevailing 

Fair. 

tt 

tt 

a 

tt 


tt 

Rain. 

Fair. 

tt 

tt 

U 


THERMOMETER. 

MEAN. 

7  a.m.  I  2  p.m.  |  9  p.m. 

Highest 

Degree. 

Lowest 

Degree. 

Prevailing 

Winds. 

Weather 

Prevailing 

January, 

February, 

47 

50 

56 

59 

51 

54 

73 

74 

20 

36 

SW. 

NE. 

Cloudy. 

Fair 

March, 

52 

64 

56 

76 

31 

S. 

tt 

April, 

62 

70 

62 

84 

52 

NE. 

tt 

May, 

72 

75 

73 

90 

67 

E. 

tt 

June, 

75 

85 

77 

93 

69 

SE. 

tt 

July, 

78 

88 

79 

93 

73 

s 

tt 

August, 

76 

86 

79 

94 

73 

NE 

tt 

September, 

73 

85 

76 

93 

60 

NE 

tt 

October, 

59 

74 

63 

90 

39 

NW. 

tt 

November, 

51 

64 

54 

82 

32 

N 

tt 

December, 

46 

54 

49 

66 

34  | 

N. 

ct 

1834 


THERMOMETER. 

MEAN. 

Highest 

Degree. 

L  est 

D 'gree. 

Prevailing 

Winds. 

1 

Weather 

Prevailing 

7  a.  m. 

2  p.  in. 

9p.  m. 

45 

53 

47 

78 

28 

N. 

— — - — 

Rain. 

54 

67 

57 

83 

40 

S. 

Fair. 

54 

64 

58 

80 

37 

NE. 

it 

61 

72 

64 

84 

42 

S. 

tt 

71 

77 

73 

89 

62 

SE. 

t* 

81 

87 

83 

92 

77 

S. 

tt 

82 

88 

83 

93 

78 

S. 

(t 

80 

85 

81 

94 

75 

S. 

it 

75 

82 

77 

89 

64 

N. 

tc 

65 

75 

68 

88 

42 

N. 

tt 

|  S3 

66 

56 

79 

32 

N. 

tt 

I  46  | 

58 

51 

72 

40 

N. 

tc 

METEOROLOGICAL  OBSERVATIONS. 


187 


1835 

THERMOMETER. 

MEAN. 

Highest 

Degree. 

Lowest 

Degree. 

Prevailing 

Winds. 

Weather 

Prevailing 

7  a.  m. 

1  2  p.  m. 

9p.  m. 

January, 

43 

54 

47 

75 

26 

S. 

Fair. 

February, 

38 

53 

43 

74 

15 

s. 

44 

March, 

57 

61 

53 

76 

28 

E. 

44 

April, 

62 

68 

65 

77 

48 

S. 

44 

May, 

74 

81 

81 

89 

66 

s. 

44 

June, 

78 

85 

82 

94 

73 

sw. 

a 

July, 

79 

85 

82 

93 

68 

SE. 

a 

August, 

80 

87 

83 

94 

75 

s. 

44 

September, 

71 

78 

75 

86 

60 

NE. 

u 

October, 

63 

71 

67 

82 

52 

NE. 

u 

November, 

62 

68 

64 

80 

39 

SE. 

ii 

December, 

45 

57 

50 

66 

38 

NE. 

ii 

1836 

THERMOMETER. 

MEAN. 

Highest 

Degree. 

TiOwnaf. 

Prevailing 

Winds. 

Weather 

Prevailing 

7  a.  m. 

yp.  m. 

y  p.  in. 

Degree. 

January, 

February, 

47 

44 

55 

55 

50 

49 

68 

72 

30 

26 

NE. 

NW 

Fair. 

44 

March, 

51 

61 

54 

78 

38 

S. 

ii 

April, 

66 

70 

66 

82 

52 

S. 

ii 

May, 

72 

79 

73 

86 

59 

S. 

ii 

June, 

77 

84 

79 

92 

66 

S. 

ii 

July, 

81 

88 

82 

94 

69 

SW. 

.; 

August, 

86 

89 

83 

94 

79 

sw. 

ii 

September, 

79 

87 

81 

92 

70 

NE. 

ii 

October, 

60 

69 

57 

84 

47 

NE. 

ii 

November, 

45 

56 

52 

80 

32 

NW 

ii 

December, 

42 

53  ] 

47 

71 

26 

N. 

ii 

„  1837 

• 

THERMOMETER. 

MEAN. 

Highest 

Degree. 

Lowest 

Degree. 

Winds. 

Prevailing 

Weather 

Prevailing 

7  a.  m. 

2p.  m. 

9  p.  in. 

January, 

40 

47 

43 

55 

20 

NW. 

Fair. 

February, 

46 

55 

51 

66 

33 

sw. 

4; 

March, 

52 

60 

56 

76 

30 

NE. 

44 

April, 

59 

65 

60 

72 

50 

NW. 

(4 

May, 

70 

77 

72 

86 

62 

S. 

44 

June, 

77 

83 

77 

94 

67 

s. 

ii 

July, 

83 

90 

84 

98 

78 

s. 

ii 

August, 

82 

87 

83 

91 

78 

E.  I 

ii 

September, 

75 

82 

77 

81 

65 

NE. 

ii 

October, 

69 

76 

69 

87 

50 

N. 

N. 

ii 

November, 

59 

65 

62 

75 

37 

•  » 

December, 

50 

54 

52 

73 

40 

N. 

44 

188 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


1838 

THERMOMETER. 

MEAN. 

Highest 

Lowest 

Prevailing 

Weather 

1  2p.m. 

1  9  p.m. 

7  a.m. 

Degree. 

Degree. 

Winds. 

Prevailing 

January, 

5] 

58 

54 

74 

30 

NE. 

Fair. 

February, 

43 

51 

46 

67 

27 

N. 

44 

March, 

54 

62 

55 

81 

40 

SE. 

c; 

April, 

63 

72 

65 

85 

51 

NE. 

.( 

May, 

69 

76 

67 

86 

61 

S. 

u 

June, 

77 

84 

78 

90 

69 

SE. 

u 

July, 

August, 

84 

90 

85 

97 

80 

S. 

44 

83 

88 

79 

96 

79 

s. 

44 

September, 

74 

87 

74 

88 

60 

NE. 

44 

October, 

62 

69 

66 

86 

45 

NE. 

44 

November, 

52 

|  64 

53 

76 

26 

N. 

u 

December, 

42 

i  56 

47 

85 

20 

N. 

u 

183 

9 

THERMOMETER. 

• 

j 

MEAN. 

Highest 

Lowest 

Prevailing 

Weather 

!  9  p.m. 

7  a.  m. 

1  2  p.m. 

Degree. 

Degree. 

Winds. 

|  Prevailing 

January, 

43 

56 

47 

67 

30 

N. 

Fair. 

February, 

46 

63 

48 

76 

32 

N. 

44 

March, 

54 

63 

54 

74 

24 

N. 

c; 

April, 

63 

70 

65 

77 

47 

NE. 

u 

May, 

72 

78 

74 

85 

65 

S. 

44 

June, 

80 

86 

81 

95 

73 

S. 

44 

July, 

SO 

85 

81 

92 

75 

s. 

a 

August. 

79 

84 

80 

90 

71 

s. 

44 

September, 

74 

80 

76 

87 

67 

s. 

(4 

October, 

68 

73 

68 

80 

61 

NE. 

44 

November, 

53 

60 

55 

71 

32 

NW. 

(4 

December, 

44 

52 

47 

70 

32 

NW. 

44 

1840 

THERMOMETER. 

MEAN. 

Prevailing 

Weather 

9  p.  m. 

■LiOWOst 

/  lit  111* 

2  p.  111.  ! 

degree. 

degree. 

winds.  ~  i 

prevailing 

January, 

February, 

44 

57 

51 

63 

48 

57 

62 

70 

24 

32 

NW 

S 

S 

s 

Fair 

44 

March, 

April, 

58 

64 

64 

75 

60 

67 

74 

83 

41 

50 

44 

44 

May, 

74 

81  1 

79 

84 

63 

£ 

44 

June, 

76 

82 

78 

91 

70 

E 

44 

July, 

77 

SO 

79  1 

90 

71 

sw 

44 

August, 

78 

85 

79 

S9 

74 

s 

44 

September, 

84 

81 

71  | 

88 

63 

44 

October, 

66 

75 

70 

78 

52 

NE 

NW 

NW 

44 

November, 

December, 

51 

44 

61 

52' 

57 

49 

74 

57 

39  , 
33  | 

44 

44 

METEOROLOGICAL  OBSERVATIONS. 


189 


1841 


THERMOMETER. 

MEAN. 

7  ami  2  pm  1 9  pm 

Highest 

degree. 

Lowest 

degree. 

Prevailing 

winds. 

Weather 

prevailing 

Quantity 
of  Rain. 

January, 

52 

56 

54 

68 

29 

SW 

Rain 

4.49 

February, 

46 

50 

50 

64 

31 

NW 

Fair 

3.00 

March, 

55 

61 

58 

71 

52 

SW 

66 

7.25 

April, 

63 

,  68 

63 

77 

54 

SW 

66 

2.36 

May, 

69 

74 

72 

79 

56 

NW 

a 

0.72 

June, 

77 

82 

80 

88 

71 

SW 

66 

4.32 

July, 

79 

86 

82 

92 

78 

E 

66 

5.31 

August, 

79 

83 

80 

89 

73 

NE 

Rain 

16.90 

September, 

75 

82 

78 

90 

65 

NE 

Fair 

3.75 

October, 

59 

68 

60 

82 

48 

NE 

66 

2.73 

November, 

57 

63 

62 

76 

46 

SW 

66 

1.12 

December. 

50 

55 

55 

65 

36 

NW 

a 

1.99 

1842 


THERMOMETER. 

MEAN. 

Highest 

degree. 

Lowest 

degree. 

Prevailing 

winds. 

Weather 

prevailing 

Quantity 
of  Rain. 

7  am 

2  pm 

9  pm 

January, 

51 

58 

58 

73 

36 

SW 

Fair 

0.54 

February, 

49 

57 

58 

71 

34 

SW 

« 

2.79 

'  March, 

58 

67 

63 

81 

49 

SW 

« 

0.05 

April, 

66 

72 

67 

79 

61 

SW 

« 

1.56 

May, 

71 

75 

71 

84 

64 

SE 

66 

4.69 

June, 

76 

82 

78 

90 

69 

SW 

« 

4.39 

July, 

72 

82 

78 

87 

73 

S 

Rain  1 

9.17 

August, 

72 

76 

74 

87 

62 

s 

Rain 

6.48 

September, 

75 

81 

77 

90 

68 

NE 

Fair 

3.12 

October, 

62 

69 

65 

80 

48 

N 

“ 

3.54 

November, 

48 

56 

55 

71 

33 

N 

“ 

2.35 

December, 

45 

55 

49 

68 

32 

N 

“  1 

3.41 

-  1843 


BAROMETER. 

THERMOMETER 

Highest  | 
degree. 

Lowest 

degree. 

13? 

!§J. 

Weather 

Prevai’g 

Quantity 
of  Rain. 

Max. 

Min. 

w 

so 

3 

CTQ 

ns 

7  am 

VIE  AN 

2pm 

9pm 

January, 

30.15 

28.71 

1.44 

50 

57 

54 

69 

35 

NW 

fair 

2.53 

February, 

30.04 

28.99 

1.05 

45 

53 

47 

65 

25 

SW 

66 

1.28 

March, 

29.90 

28.40 

1.53 

44 

51 

47 

65 

28 

NW 

a 

12.14 

April, 

29.87 

28.90 

.97 

58 

65 

59 

78 

48 

NE 

a 

.65 

May, 

29.95 

29.00 

.95 

68 

74 

68 

83 

57 

S 

66 

3.22 

June, 

29  86 

29.25 

.61 

75 

79 

76 

86 

68 

S 

u 

3.59 

July, 

29.86 

29.00 

.86 

78 

83 

79 

90 

72 

SW 

rain 

8.96 

August, 

29.65 

29.06 

.59 

76 

81 

77 

86 

72 

E 

66 

9.68 

September, 

29.82 

29.18 

.64 

75 

80 

77 

86 

701 

E 

fair 

8.11 

October, 

29.88 

28.87 

1.01 

62 

68 

65 

82 

52 

NW 

66 

2.60 

November, 

30.00 

29.35 

.65 

51 

62 

58 

70 

42 

N 

66 

.77 

December. 

30.45 

29.00 

1.45 

48 

55 

53 

65 

34 

NW 

6i 

2.20 

190 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


1844 

\ 

BAROMETER. 

THERMOMETER 

Highest 

degree. 

Lowest 

degree. 

Prevailing 

Winds. 

S..W 

Max. 

Min. 

Range 

7am 

MEAN. 

1 2  pm  1 9pm 

CD  CD 
<  P 

CC  CD 

S  ^ 

aq 

►aS 

gg. 

r  << 

January, 

30.15 

28.72 

1.43 

44 

49 

4: 

60 

27 

NE 

rain 

2.21 

February, 

30.20 

29.15 

1.05 

45 

54 

49 

58 

30 

SW 

fair 

2.33 

March, 

30.25 

29.07 

1.18 

53 

59 

55 

66 

44 

S 

U 

4.20 

April, 

30.35 

29.12 

1.23 

63 

36 

65 

82 

43 

E 

u 

1.50 

May, 

30.14 

29.30 

0.74 

73 

79 

74 

86 

68 

S 

U 

2.14 

June, 

29.90 

29,50 

0.40 

75 

81 

77 

87 

68 

SE 

u 

1.80 

July, 

29.85 

29.40 

0.45 

77 

85 

80 

90 

78 

SW 

<; 

0.45 

August, 

29.92 

29.25 

0.67 

77 

80 

79 

90 

66 

SW 

u 

7.38 

September, 

29.99 

29.40 

0.59 

72 

77 

74 

86 

60 

NE 

4.95 

October, 

30.05 

29.04 

1.01 

62 

72 

62 

80 

49 

NW 

a 

1.53 

November, 

30.30 

29.09 

1.21 

58 

64 

62 

78 

48 

SW 

u 

5.40 

December. 

30.76 

29.50 

1.26 

48 

55 

52 

69 

32 

NW 

« 

2.50 

|  1845 

BAROMETER. 

THERMOMETER 

s-i: 

CD 

C-  r— 1 

CD  o 

^7  -i 

1  O  Q 

M 

aq  aq 

%  % 

-•  CD 

g  < 

CD  CD 
<  P 

SSS 

Max. 

Min. 

§0 

MEAN 

• 

CD  g 

CD  CD 
CD  CD 

CL  p 
CD  ^ 

p  g; 

S.2. 

Oq 

cd 

7am 

'2  pm 

19pm 

5* 

aq 

5* 

aq 

•  *5 

January, 

30.47 

29.80 

0.67 

50 

58 

54 

67 

36 

NW 

fair 

3.65 

r  ebruary, 

30.50 

29.60 

0.90 

49 

58 

53 

71 

32 

NW 

1.20 

March, 

30.58 

29.74 

0.84 

55 

63 

59 

76 

40 

SW 

2.72 

April, 

30.45 

30.00 

0.45 

65 

72 

68 

85 

41 

SW 

« 

0.10 

May, 

30.50 

29.80 

0.70 

67 

75 

69 

85 

50 

SW 

u 

7.62 

June, 

30.45 

29.94 

0.51 

74 

85 

78 

96 

63 

SW 

u 

1.69 

July, 

30.36 

29.92 

0.44 

74 

82 

82 

93 

69 

SW 

rain 

8.02 

August, 

30.34 

30.02 

0.32 

77 

83 

79 

91 

65 

SW 

fair 

9.42 

September, 

30.33 

29.81' 

0.52 

73 

80 

76 

90 

55 

NE 

<6 

2.27 

October, 

30.50 

29.75 

0.75 

62 

69 

66 

84 

43 

NE 

a 

5.51 

November, 

30.45 

29.74 

0.41 

52 

61 

56 

75 

36 

NW 

a 

0  62 

December. 

30.54|29.50i 

1.04 

41 

47 

44 

62 1 

20 

NW 

rain 

3.62 

METEOROLOGICAL  OBSERVATIONS, 


191 


25 


192 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON 


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PUBLIC  HEALTH. 


193 


Table  of  Mean  Results,  from  1840  to  1817 — from 
Reports  of  City  Inspectors . 


MONTHS.  1840. 

1841. 

1842. 

1843. 

1844. 

1845. 

1840. 

1847. 

January,  46.1 

52.2 

53.8 

51.6 

45.1 

52.2 

47.4 

51.2 

February,  66.7 

52.1 

58.5 

51.8 

52.8 

57.1 

53.5 

59.3 

March,  58.7 

56.1 

60.6 

45.8 

53.8 

57.0 

56.4 

54.5 

April,  68.6 

64.6 

51.6 

60.6 

53.0 

68.3 

64.3 

65.6 

Mav,  75.4 

69.3 

70.0 

67.7 

72.6 

68.3 

70.0 

65.4 

June,  78.6 

79.6 

78.6 

76.6 

77.6 

69.0 

78.6 

79.0 

July,  76.1 

79.7 

74.8 

77.4 

78.0 

76.7 

77.4 

75.5 

August,  78.0 

78.0 

71.6 

75.4 

76.1 

77,3 

79.3 

74,2 

September,  78.6 

78.3 

77.6 

77.3 

74.3 

76.3 

79.0 

75.6 

October,  68.0 

60.3 

63.1 

62.9 

63.2 

63.5 

66.4 

63.5 

November,  56.3 

60.6 

53.0 

57.0 

61.3 

56.3 

59.6 

64.0 

December,  46.7 

51.6 

48.0 

50.3 

50.0 

42.5 

53.5 

50.3 

Mean  of  each  year,  66 .4 

65.2 

63.4 

62.8 

63.1 

63.7 

65.4 

•64.8 

The  mean  temperature  of  the  atmosphere  for  this 
period  of  eight  years  was  64.3  degrees.  The  quantity 
of  rain  which  fell  during  the  period  from  1843  to  1848 
is  as  follows  : 


MONTHS. 

1843. 

1844. 

1845. 

1846. 

1847. 

1848. 

January, 

2.53 

2.21 

3.65 

4.46 

1.65 

0.73 

February, 

1.28 

2.33 

1.20 

3.78 

2.80 

2.73 

March, 

12.14 

4.20 

2.72 

5.72 

6.54 

0.17 

April, 

0.65 

1.50 

0.10 

2.43 

0.77 

2.97 

May, 

3.22 

2.14 

7.62 

2.53 

6.91 

9.42 

June, 

3.59 

1.80' 

1.69 

5.24 

3.00 

0.50 

July, 

8.96 

0.45 

8.02 

4.32 

9.26 

4.73 

August, 

9.68 

7.38 

9.42 

8.24 

9.21 

4.59 

September, 

8.11 

4.95 

2.27 

3.03 

4.28 

4.62 

October, 

2.60 

1.53 

5.57 

2.44 

0.72 

9.05 

November, 

0.77 

5.40 

0.62 

0.56 

0.72 

1.67 

December, 

2.20 

2.50 

3.62 

1.58 

1.97 

4.12 

Total, 

54.73 

36.39 

46.50 

44.33 

47.83 

45.30 

The  mean  fall  of  Rain  for  these  six  years  was  45.04 
inches. 


194 


CENSUS  OP  CHARLESTON. 


Public  Health. — There  is  no  subject  more  inter¬ 
esting  to  a  community  than  this,  and  none  which  has 
received  so  little  attention  in  this  city.  The  only  in¬ 
formation  possessed^by  the  community  is  to  be  found  in 
the  annual  Bills  of  Mortality,  published  under  the  au¬ 
thority  of  the  Board  of  Health,  by  order  of  Council. 
From  these  we  learn  that  in  our  worst  seasons  of  sick¬ 
ness,  the  mortality  has  somewhat  exceeded  3  per  cent., 
while  in  the  healthiest  years  it  has  not  reached  2  per 
cent.  But  something  more  than  this  is  necessary  in 
order  to  exhibit  fully  the  relative  healthfulness  of  one 
place  as  compared  with  another,  or  as  compared  with 
itself  at  different  periods.  In  the  remarks  which  follow, 
an  effort  has  been  made  to  put  the  subject  in  a  proper 
light.;  to  compare  the  health  of  the  city  with  itself  at 
different  periods,  and  also  with  other  communities ;  and 
to  afford  a  basis  for  future  comparisons. 

lit  the  observations  and  tables  which  have  been  drawn 
up  to  illustrate  this  subject,  it  has  been  deemed  useful 
to  separate  the  white  from  the  black  population,  as  the 
latter  constitute  a  large  and  important  class  of  our  com¬ 
munity,  differing  in  their  diseases,  and  average  rate  of 
mortality.  This  has  added  vastly  to  the  labor  of  the 
undertaking,  but  a  reference  to  the  tables  will  shew  its 
importance  and  necessity.  The  tables  have  been  drawn 
up,  first  in  reference  to  the  whole  population,  and  then  to 
the  whites  and  blacks.  A  comparison  of  these  show  that 
statements  in  regard  to  the  diseases  and  rate  of  mor¬ 
tality  of  the  whole  population  vary  much  when  com¬ 
pared  with  either  class  separately. 

In  the  the  tables  calculated,  with  a  view  to  determine 
the  relative  healthfulness  of  the  population,  from  the 
ages  at  death,  it  may  be  useful  to  state  that  no  single 
one  of  the  methods  proposed  by  different  authorities, 
can  be  considered  of  itself  sufficient  to  indicate  the 


PUBLIC  HEALTH. 


195 

health  of  a  people ;  they  must  be  compared,  the  one 
with  the  other,  and  the  deductions  drawn  from  the  whole 
conjoined. 

The  materials  for  the  formation  of  the  tables  have 
been  drawn  in  part  from  the  annual  published  Bills  of 
Mortality,  and  in  part  from  the  obituary  records  for¬ 
merly  kept  by  the  Clerk  of  the  Board  of  Health,  and 
now  by  the  City  Register.  These  records  can  only 
be  found  from  1822,  giving  a  period  of  19  years,  over 
which  the  table  extends.  In  the  effort  to  classify  and 
arrange  the  materials  furnished  from  these  sources, 
much  difficulty  has  been  experienced,  from  the  fact, 
that  for  a  portion  of  this  time  these  books  were  kept 
by  non-medical  men,  and  consequently  diseases  are 
sometimes  reported  under  such  strange  and  garbled 
names,  that  it  is  impossible  to  refer  them  to  any  speci¬ 
fied  head,  or  even  to  determine  to  what  general  class 
of  disease  the  cause  of  death  should  be  referred. 
Under  these  circumstances,  there  was  no  resource  but 
to  refer  all  such  to  one  head,  and  call  them  “  Unknown 
Causes,”  hence  the  large  number  appearing  under  this 
head  in  some  of  the  years.  Another  source  of  diffi¬ 
culty  arose  from  the  fact,  that  in  these  records,  even 
when  kept  by  medical  men,  the  same  disease  was  often 
registered  under  several  different  names,  and  different 
diseases  under  the  same  head :  this  state  of  things  aris¬ 
ing  from  the  different  theoretical  views  of  the  several 
Clerks  or  Registers.  Were  some  uniform  Nomencla¬ 
ture  adopted  by  the  City  Authorities,  and  all  diseases 
required  to  be  registered  according  to  that  system, 
much  future  inconvenience  might  be  saved,  and  a  valu¬ 
able  mass  of  materials  accumulated  for  any  future 
statistical  researches.  The  system  adopted  by  the 
National  Medical  Association  would  probably  be  the 
one  best  adapted  to  this  purpose.  It  gives  abundant 


196 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


scope  for  the  reference  to  some  one  head  of  all  causes 
of  death  imperfectly  reported.  It  is  the  one  likely  to 
be  adopted  by  medical  men  throughout  the  United 
States,  and  permits  of  ready  and  easy  classification, 
when  required  for  statistical  purposes. 

The  abstracts  made  from  the  above  mentioned 
sources,  cover  a  period  of  twenty-seven  years,  viz: 
from  1822  to  1848  inclusive,  and  gives  an  aggregate  of 
10,919  deaths.  This  is  an  average  of  737  deaths  per 
annum,  and  taking  the  average  population  of  the  city 
during  that  period  at  28,000,  the  proportion  of  deaths 
to  the  living  would  be  1  in  38.14,  or  2.63  per  100.  The 
deaths,  however,  have  been  divided  into  three  periods, 
viz :  from  1822  to  1830 ;  from  1831  to  1840 ;  from  1841 
to  1848,  for  the  purpose  of  comparison,  If  these 
periods  are  compared  with  each  other,  a  notable  dimin¬ 
ution  of  the  proportional  mortality  will  be  seen.  Thus : 


Absolute  Mortality.  Average  per  annum.  Proportion  to  population. 


1822  to  1830, 

7,523 

836 

1  in  29.18  or  3.42  per  100 

1831  to  1840, 

7,666 

766 

1  in  39.66  or  2.52  per  100 

1841  to  1848, 

4,733 

591 

1  in  49.51  or  2.01  per  100 

From  this  it  appears  that  the  absolute  mortality  of 
the  city  has  decreased  nearly  300  per  annum,  while  the 
relative  mortality  has  decliued  from  3.42  per  cent,  to 
2.01  per  cent. 

For  the  further  purposes  of  comparison,  the  deaths 
have  been  separated,  those  among  the  white  and  the 
black  population  being  classed  together.  This  division 
might  have  been  carried  still  farther,  and  the  slave 
population  separated  from  the  free  blacks.  As  the 
latter,  however,  constitute  but  a  very  small  class,  not 
differing  in  their  diseases  fiom  the  former,  this  was 
deemed  unimportant;  the  consideration  of  the  causes 
of  death,  as  affecting  one  or  other  class  of  the  popula¬ 
tion,  being  sufficient  for  all  the  purposes  proposed  in 
this  work. 


PUBLIC  HEALTH. 


197 


If  the  mortality  among  the  white  population  be 
divided  into  three  periods,  and  the  same  be  done  for 

the  blacks,  the  proportion  to  population  will  stand  as 
follows : 

Deaths  amono:  Whites, 

Number  of  deaths.  Average  per  annum.  Proportion  to  population. 

1822  to  1830,  3,447  383  1  in  32.2  or  3.1  percent. 

1831  to  1340,  3,366  336  1  in  38.1  or  2.0  per  cent. 

1844  to  1848,  1,806  235  1  in  55.3  or  1.8  percent. 

Deaths  among  Blacks. 

Number  of  deaths.  Average  per  annum.  Proportion  to  population. 

1822  to  1830,  4,076  453  1  in  34.1  or  2.9  per  cent. 

1831  to  1840,  4,297  429  1  in  40.6  or  2.4  per  cent. 

1841  to  1848,  2,847  356  1  in  45.6  or  2.1  per  cent. 

From  a  review  of  this  table,  it  appears  that  the 
deaths  among  the  white  population  has  decreased  in  a 
much  greater  ratio  than  among  the  blacks,  falling  from 
1  in  34.2  to  1  in  55.3  :  or  from  3.1  per  cent,  to  1.8  per 
cent.,  while  in  the  latter  class  the  decrease  has  been  only 
.8  per  cent.  In  a  subsequent  part  of  this  report,  it  will 
be  seen  that  a  part,  at  least,  of  this  decrease,  arises  from 
the  less  number  of  deaths  from  the  Zymotic  class  of  dis¬ 
eases,  that  class,  by  which  the  health  of  a  population  is 
to  be  chiefly  decided. 

In  the  tables  which  follow,  at  the  end  of  this  chapter, 
the  causes  of  death  are  presented  in  two  forms.  In  the 
first  series  they  are  alphabetically  arranged,  showing 
the  number  of  deaths  from  each  disease  in  each  year 
among  the  white  and  the  black  population  for  a  period 
of  twenty-seven  years,  viz :  from  1822  to  1848.  In  the 
second  series  they  are  classified  with  some  slight  modi¬ 
fications,  according  to  the  system  proposed  to,  and 
adopted  by,  the  National  Medical  Association  in  1848. 
This  classification  has  been  selected  as  the  one  which 
will  hereafter  be  used  in  all  estimates  of  public  health, 
and  therefore  will  afiord  the  best  basis  for  comparing 
the  health  of  one  section  of  country  with  another. 


198 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


We  now  proceed  to  make  a  few  remarks  on  the 
causes  of  death,  as  they  appear  in  the  classified  tables. 

1.  Zymotic  Diseases . — Under  this  head  are  included 
all  epidemic,  endemic,  and  contagious  diseases.  It  is 
the  property  of  this  class  of  diseases  to  prevail  more 
extensively  at  one  season  than  another,  and  under  cer¬ 
tain  circumstances  to  become  both  epidemic  and  con¬ 
tagious.  The  relative  mortality  from  them  is  supposed 
with  some  reason  to  indicate  the  greater  or  less  degree 
of  healthfulness  of  a  place.  The  deaths  from  this  class 
among  the  whole  population  amounted  to  1,905;  2,314: 
and  937,  or  25,51:  30.98:  and  20.08  per  cent,  of  all  the 
deaths  during  the  three  periods];  showing  a  considerable 
increase  of  deaths  from  this  class  of  causes,  during  the 
second  period,  and  a  notable  diminution  in  the  third. 
This  large  increase  in  the  second  period  arose  from  the 
prevalence  of  Epidemic  Cholera,  and  of  Yellow  Fever. 
The  first  of  these  caused  a  terrible  mortality  among 
the  black  population,  both  slave  and  free ;  the  second 
occurred  during  the  year  1838,  immediately  after  the 
great  fire  of  that  year,  which  destroyed  a  large  portion 
of  the  city,  and  by  exposing  to  the  action  of  the  sun 
and  air  a  large  quantity  of  putrescible  materials,  proba¬ 
bly  originated  the  epidemic. 

The  deaths  among  the  white  population  from  this 
class  of  causes  were  1,151;  1,287  :  and  407,  or  33,67: 
38.89:  and  21.86  per  cent,  of  all  the  deaths,  exhibiting 
a  slight  increase  in  the  second  period,  and  a  very  re¬ 
markable  diminution  in  the  third  period,  and  if  the 
deaths  from  this  class  of  causes  are  to  be  considered  a 
criterion  of  health,  arguing  an  increase  of  health  in  the 
population.  The.  deaths  among  the  black  population 
for  the  three  series  amounted,  respectively,  to  754 : 
1,027;  and  530,  or  18.66:  24.73;  and  18.90  per  cent,  of 
all  the  deaths.  The  cause  of  this  increased  mortality 


PUBLIC  HEALTH. 


199 

in  the  second  series,  was  the  prevalence  of  epidemic 
Cholera,  which  prevailed  in  1836,  and  expended  itself 
chiefly  upon  the  black  population,  whose  habitual  care¬ 
lessness  rendered  all  hygienic  precautions  utterly  futile. 
Subtract  the  deaths  from  this  disease  from  the  general 
mor  tality  by  this  class,  and  there  will  appear  a  remark¬ 
able  uniformity  in  the  percentage  of  deaths  from 
Zymotic  diseases  in  the  black  population.  This  pro¬ 
portion,  then,  would  stand  as  follows : 

1822  to  1830,  from  Zymotic  diseases,  18.66  per  ct.  of  all  deaths. 

1831  to  1840,  “  “  “  excluding  Cholera,  15.56  per  ct. 

1841  to  1848,  “  “  “  18.90  per  ct. 

Shewing  that  this  class  of  the  population  is  but  little 
affected  by  the  epidemic  or  endemics  common  to  our 
climate.  Cholera,  and  its  kindred  affections,  diarrhoea 
and  dysentery,  with  the  exception  of  the  period  when 
Epidemic  Cholera  prevailed,  adds  but  little  to  the  gen¬ 
eral  mass  of  mortality  from  this  class  of  diseases;  the 
proportion  varying  from  .54  per  cent.,  the  lowest  to 
8.12  per  cent.,  the  highest,  which  was  during  the 
Cholera  epidemic.  According  to  the  older  writers, 
He  wet,  Chalmers,  Oldmixon,  and  others,  these  diseases 
contributed  in  former  years  largely  to  the  general  sum 
of  mortality,  and  their  decrease  argues  an  improvement 
eithei  in  the  climate  or  the  habits  of  the  people,  perhaps 
both.  Under  the  head  of  Cholera  Infantum,  is  found  a 
large  increase  of  proportionate  mortality,  rising,  among 
the  whites,  from  .15  per  cent,  to  1.67  per  cent.,  and 
among  the  blacks  from  .02  per  cent,  to  1.60  per  cent. 
If  taken  alone,  this  would  indicate  a  large  increase  of 
infantile  mortality  from  this  source.  I3ut  a  large  num¬ 
ber  of  diseases,  which  in  former  years  were  registered 
under  the  vague  term  of  “Infantile,”  have  latterly  been 
placed  under  their  proper  head  of  Infantile  Cholera,  as 

a  reference  to  “  Infantile  Diseases,”  under  the  next  class 

26 


200 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


of  diseases,  will  shew;  these  latter  having  decreased 
from  3.86  per  cent,  to  2.90  per  cent,  among  the  whites; 
and  from  6.75  per  ct,  to  .14  per  ct.  among  the  blacks. 
Fevers  of  all  kinds,  excluding  Yellow,  caused  365 ;  251 ; 
and  99,  or  10.67;  7.58;  and  5.31  per  cent,  of  all  the 
deaths  among  the  whites,  shewing  a  considerable  im¬ 
provement  in  the  mortality  from  this  cause.  Among 
the  blacks,  the  proportion  of  deaths  from  fevers  has 
remained  very  constant;  thus  the  deaths  were  160; 
163;  95,  in  the  three  periods,  or  3.95 ;  3.92;  3.98  per 
cent.,  evidencing  considerable  uniformity  in  the  degree 
of  their  liability  to  the  endemic  fevers  of  the  climate. 
From  the  attacks  of  Yellow  Fever,  this  class  is  almost 
exempt,  the  deaths  by  that  disease  amountfng  only  to 
.20  per  cent,  in  the  first  period,  and  .14  per  cent,  in 
the  second  period.  Among  the  white  population,  the 
largest  proportional  mortality  from  any  of  this  cluss  of 
diseases  arises  from  Yellow  Fever.  In  the  first  and 
second  series,  the  deaths  amount  to  352;  and  597,  re¬ 
spectively,  being  in  the  proportion  of  10.29;  and  17.48 
per  cent,  to  all  the  deaths  from  all  other  causes.  In 
the  third  period,  however,  there  is  a  rapid  diminution, 
the  deaths  from  this  cause  only  amounting  to  .17  per 
cent.  Yellow  Fever  first  prevailed  as  an  epidemic  in 
this  city  in  1699  or  1700;  the  exact  date  cannot  now 
be  ascertained.  According  to  the  account  given  of  it 
by  Dr.  Hewet,  it  prevailed  in  that  year  very  extensively, 
carried  off  a  large  number  of  the  inhabitants,  including 
many  of  the  chief  men  of  the  province,  and  was  called 
the  plague.  The  same  disease  recurred  in  1703, 
and  caused  as  fearful  a  mortality  as  at  its  previous 
visitation.  From  this  period,  no  mention  is  made 
of  its  occurrence  until  1728,  when  it  again  recurred, 
and  was  then  first  called  Yellow  Fever,  although  from 
the  description  given  of  the  two  former  epidemics,  there 


PUBLIC  HEALTH. 


201 


can  be  no  doubt  of  the  identity  of  the  last  with  the  two 
preceding.  In  this  year,  also,  it  caused  a  great  number 
of  deaths.  In  the  year  1732,  it  commenced  its  ravages 
in  May,  and  continued  until  September  or  October; 
during  the  height  of  the  epidemic,  from  8  to  12  whites 
were  buried  daily.  It  again  appeared  in  1939,  1745, 
and  1748,  and  is  said  to  have  raged  as  severely  in  these 
years  as  in  1732.  The  number  of  deaths  which  it 
caused  in  those  years  cannot  now  be  ascertained. 
From  1748  to  1792,  no  epidemics  of  Yellow  Fever 
occurred,  although  it  is  stated  that  in  1753  and  1755,  a 
few  sporadic  cases  were  seen.  In  1792,  a  new  series 
of  epidemics  occurred;  it  raged  in  that  year,  in  1794, 
1795,  1796,  1797,  1799,  1800,  1801,  1802,  1804,  1807. 
T.  he  deaths  from  it  in  those  years,  in  which  any  ac¬ 
counts  are  to  be  found,  were : 

In  1799,  239 

“  1800,  184  In  1804,  148^ 

“  1802,  96  44  1807,  162 

From  1807  to  1817,  a  period  of  ten  years,  there  was 
'  nearly  a  complete  exemption  from  epidemics  of  this  ^ 
disease.  In  this  latter  year  it  re-appeared,  and  caused 
270  deaths,  of  which  a  large  number  were  children. 
In  1819,  it  again  prevailed  epidemically,  causing  176 
deaths.  In  the  next  year  it  prevailed  slightly,  but  did 
not  become  epidemic.  In  1824,  another  serious  epi¬ 
demic  occurred,  which  carried  off  231  persons.  From 
this  period,  1824 — to  1838,  no  serious  visitation  of 
yellow  fever  occurred,  although  several  cases  of  it 
existed  in  each  of  the  years  1827,  1828,  1834,  1835. 
In  1838,  the  most  serious  epidemic  occurred  which  has 
been  known  in  the  annals  in  Charleston,  and  causing 
the  largest  mortality  which  has  ever  resulted  from  the 
disease  in  this  city.  In  1839,  it  was  again  epidemic, 
but  to  a  much  less  extent,  than  during  the  former  year. 


202 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


From  1839  to  the  present  time,  nine  years  have  elapsed 
during  whidh  the  city  has  been  exempt  from  the  visita¬ 
tions  of  the  scourge,  and  it  is  a  question  vitally  import¬ 
ant  to  her  interests,  whether  this  exemption  is  to  con¬ 
tinue,  or  whether  it  is  but  one  of  those  pauses  which 
have  occurred  at  various  intervals  in  her  history.  This 
problem  can  be  solved  by  time  only.  No  deduc¬ 
tions  as  to  the  future  can  be  drawn  from  the  history  of 
the  past.  A  reference  to  the  preceding  sketch  will 
show  that  epidemics  of  Yellow  Fever  have  occurred 
with  such  distant  intervals  between  the  periods  of  its 
occurrence,  that  the  lifetime  of  one  generation  would 
scarcely  be  sufficient  to  mark  the  interval.  There  are 
some  circumstances,  however,  which  may  afford  a  basis 
for  a  rational  hope,  that  the  visitations  of  these  epidem¬ 
ics,  so  fatal  to  the  best  interests  of  the  city,  will  here¬ 
after  become  less  frequent  and  less  severe.  An  exami¬ 
nation  of  the  tables  of  mortality  at  the  end  of  the  chapter, 
for  the  pastfifteen  years  will  show  a  steady  and  progres¬ 
sive  diminution  of  the  annual  number  of  deaths,  not  only 
from  all  causes,  but  also  from  Zymotic  diseases,  the  tests 
of  health,  uninterrupted  save  by  the  occurrence  of  Epi¬ 
demic  Cholera  in  1836,  and  the  epidemics  of  Yellow 
b  ever  of  1838-9.  Had  the  latter  originated  spontane- 
ous!y,  it  would  argue  strongly  against  any  permanent 
improvement  in  the  health  of  the  city,  but  it  is  well 
known  dhat  in  the  spring  of  ’38  occurred  the  dreadful 
hie  w Inch  laid  nearly  a  fifth  part  of  the  city  in  ruins, 
and  exposed  to  the  action  of  the  sun  and  air  nearly  150 
acres,  saturated  with  the  accumulated  offscourings  of 
nearly  six  hundred  families,  leaving  cesspools,  wells  and 
cellars  bare,  and  ready  to  give  off  their  fatal  emanations 
as  soon  as  acted  upon  by  the  rays  of  the  summer  sun. 
It  was  not  to  be  wondered  at,  therefore,  that  an  epi¬ 
demic  arose  which  exceeded  in  severity  all  that  had  been 


PUBLIC  HEALTH. 


203 

known  heretofore  in  Charleston.  During  the  succeed¬ 
ing  summer,  there  still  remained  sufficient  putrescent 
materials  exposed,  in  the  burnt  district  to  give  rise  to 
a  second  but  less  extensive  epidemic;  since  which  time 
the  gradual  covering  of  the  ground  with  buildirigs,  and 
the  destruction  of  the  putrefying  materials,  have  re¬ 
moved  the  sources  from  which  the  poisonous  miasms 
were  generated,  and  the  ravages  of  the  disease  have 
entirely  ceased.  With  this  exception,  the  general 
health  of  the  city  has  been  progressively  improving, 
and  as  this  improvement  has  occurred  in  conjunction 
with  radical  changes  introduced  into  the  system  of 
sewerage  and  drainage,  it  affords  rational  ground  for 
belief  that  this  improvement  is  dependant  upon  the 
greater  degree  of  cleanliness  effected  by  the  new  sys¬ 
tem,  and  that  a  still  greater  degree  of  health  may  be 
expected  from  a  pursuance  and  completion  of  the  new 
measures.  It  may  not  be  allowed  to  man  entirely  to 
remove  all  sources  of  sicknesss  and  death,  but  attention 
to  cleanliness,  ventilation,  and  the  laws  of  hygiene, 
may  place  a  community  in  such  a  condition  as  to  destroy 
in  a  great  degree,  if  not  entirely,  the  effect  of  morbific 
poisons  when  introduced  into  their  midst. 

Measles  are  reported  in  the  earlier  records  of  the 
city  to  have  been  very  fatal  in  1747:  1759:  1772: 
1775:  1776:  and  from  1791  to  ’96,  inclusive,  and  also 
again  in  1802-3.  Since  which  last  period  they  have 
caused  but  little  mortality.  In  the  last  twenty-seven 
years,  the  deaths  among  the  white  population  from  this 
disease  have  only  reached  ,69  per  cent.,  and  this  in  the 
last  of  the  three  periods  into  which  the  tables  are 
divided.  Among  the  black  population,  it  was  more 
fatal,  the  proportion  reaching  1.66  per  cent,  for  the 
same  period.  This  is  to  be  accounted  for  rather  by 
the  greater  difficulty  experienced  in  regulating  the  diet, 


204 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


and  degree  of  exposure  of  the  children  of  this  class, 
than  from  a  greater  liability  to  the  disease. 

Small  Pox  appears  also  to  weigh  more  heavily  on 
this  class  of  our  population  than  on  the  whites :  for 
among  the  former,  the  deaths  stand  in  the  proportion 
of  1.66:  .92,  and  1.75  per  cent.,  while  among  the 
latter  they  only  reach  1,03:  .26,  and  .33  per  cent,  in 
the  respective  periods.  In  the  earlier  history  of  the 
city,  it  is  recorded  that  in  1700  and  1717,  two  very  fatal 
epidemics  of  small  pox  occurred,  which  carried  off  a 
large  number  of  inhabitants,  both  white  and  black ;  it 
appeared  again  in  1732,  but  effectual  precautions  were 
taken,  which  prevented  its  extension.  In  1738,  how¬ 
ever,  it  prevailed  epidemically  and  was  very  fatal; 
2,112  persons  were  attacked,  of  whom  411,  or  20  per 
cent.,  died;  of  these,  833  were  whites,  166  of  whom, 
or  20  per  cent.,  died;  among  the  blacks,  1,279  cases 
occurred,  of  which  only  145,  or  12.5  per  cent.,  were 
fatal.  At  that  period,  therefore,  the  black  population 
suffered  less  from  attacks  of  this  disease  than  the 
white.  In  1760,  it  again  recurred,  and  the  deaths  from 
it  amounted  to  940,  only  87  deaths  being  recorded  from 
all  other  causes  during  that  year;  the  deaths  from  this 
disease  bearing  the  frightful  proportion  of  91.52  per 
cent,  to  the  deaths  from  all  other  causes.  It  again 
prevailed  epidemically  in  1763  and  1780,  since  which 
time  no  extensive  epidemics  are  recorded. 

Scarlatina  is  not  spoken  of,  in  the  earlier  Medical 
records  of  the  city,  as  one  of  the  prevailing  diseases, 
and  it  is  generally  believed  to  be  of  comparatively  re¬ 
cent  introduction ;  but  it  is  more  than  probable  that 
many  of  the  deaths  formerly  registered  under  the  head 
of  “  Putrid  and  Malignant  Sore-throat”  were  in  reality 
cases  of  Scarlatina — of  this,  however,  there  is  little  cer¬ 
tainty.  In  the  period  comprised  in  the  tables,  this 


PUBLIC  HEALTH. 


205 


cause  would  appear  to  be  on  the  increase,  since  the 
proportion  of  deaths  rises  from  2.55  in  the  first  series 
of  years,  to  5.33  in  the  last,  among  the  white  popula¬ 
tion,  and  from  .87  per  cent,  to  1.92  among  the  blacks. 
From  these  tables  also,  it  appears  that  this  is  a  more 
latal  affection  to  white  than  to  black  children.  During 
the  period  comprised  in  the  last  series  of  years  how¬ 
ever,  a  very  fatal,  although  not  very  extensive  epidemic 
of  Scarlatina  occurred,  which  adds  much  to  the  mor¬ 
tality  from  this  cause,  during  that  period. 

Diseases  of  Uncertain  or  General  Seat . — Under  this 
head  has  been  placed  one  cause  of  death  which  is 
usually  referred  to  the  preceding  class.  Under  the 
vague  term  44  Fever”  there  have  been  annually  re¬ 
ported  many  deaths.  Circumstances  which  it  would 
be  out  of  place  to  detail  here,  arose,  during  the 
course  of  examination  of  the  obituary  records,  which 
induced  the  belief  that  most  of  these  so  called  44  fevers  ” 
were,  in  reality,  inflammations,  many  of  them  being 
examples  of  inflammations  of  some  portions  of  the 
nervous  apparatus,  others  inflammations  of  the  bowels 
and  heart.  It  was  therefore  deemed  advisable  to 
separate  this  cause  from  the  first  or  Zymotic  class, 
and  place  it  under  the  second,  although  it  might  more 
properly  have  been  referred  to  the  44  non-specified 
causes.”  The  number  of  deaths  from  this,  the  second 
class  of  causes,  has  decreased  from  16.95  per  cent,  in 
the  first  period  to  12,14  per  cent,  in  the  last,  among 
the  white  population ;  and  from  23.99  to  14.23  among 
the  black.  It  is  probable,  however,  that  this  decrease 
depends  rather  upon  a  better  registration  of  the  causes 
of  death,  than  upon  an  absolute  decline  of  this  class  of 
causes.  Many  cases  which  were  formerly  registered 
under  the  vague  terms  of 44  debility,”  44  infantile  disease,” 
44  sudden  death,”  are  now  more  specifically  designated. 


206 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


The  only  cause  of  death  in  this  class,  in  which  there 
probably  is  really  some  improvement,  is  dropsy,  the 
mortality  from  which  has  receded  nearly  3.  per  cent. 

Diseases  of  the  Nervous  System . — The  deaths  from 
this  class  of  causes  is  apparently  slightly  on  the  increase 
among  the  whites,  more  decidedly  so  among  the  blacks. 
This  must  always  be  expected  in  a  progressive  popula¬ 
tion,  for  in  proportion  to  the  increase  of  the  numbers 
of  a  people  become  the  efforts  necessary  to  obtain  the 
means  of  subsistence ;  the  powers  of  mind  and  body 
are  taxed  to  the  utmost,  and  the  nervous  system,  called 
upon  for  constant  and  unremitting  efforts,  is  soon  over¬ 
tasked,  and  a  foundation  for  its  disorders  is  thus  speedily 
laid.  The  greater  proportion  which  this  class  of  dis¬ 
eases  bears  to  the  general  mass  of  mortality,  among  the 
black  population  as  compared  with  the  white,  depends 
upon  the  greater  frequency  of  infantile  convulsions,  and 
infantile  lock-jaw,  among  that  class.  To  convulsions 
the  childien  of  this  class  are  more  liable,  from  unre- 
stiained  indulgence  of  the  appetite,  which  is  permitted 
and  even  encouraged  by  the  parents.  The  cause  or 
causes  of  their  great  liability  to  infantile  lock-jaw  yet 
remain  to  be  discovered. 

Diseases  of  the  Organs  of  Respiration . — The  largest 
moitality  from  this  class  of  causes  arise  from  Consump¬ 
tion.  Among  the  black  population,  the  deaths  from 
this  cause  are  largest  in  the  first  series  of  years ;  among 
the  whites,  it  is  largest  in  the  last.  It  must  not,  how¬ 
ever,  be  hence  argued  that  Consumption  is  on  the  in- 
ciease  among  the  whites,  and  on  the  decrease  among 
the  blacks.  The  white  deaths  from  this  cause  give  but 
very  unceitain  indications  of  the  degree  of  frequency 
of  this  affection  among  the  native  population,  inasmuch 
as  many  Consumptives  come  from  more  northern  lati¬ 
tudes  to  this  city  in  search  of  a  more  genial  sky,  and  a 


PUBLIC  HEALTH. 


207 


more  temperate  winter.  Of  these  many  die  annually 
among  us,  and  thus  swell  the  list  of  deaths  from  this 
cause.  The  black  tables,  on  the  contrary,  will  give  a 
much  better  indication  of  the  proclivity  of  our  native 
population  to  the  disease,  the  liability  of  both  races  to 
Consumption,  being  about  equal  in  this  climate.  If  the 
tables  of  mortality  of  the  two  races  be  examined,  it 
will  be  found  that  the  deaths  by  Consumption  among 
the  blacks  are  rather  less  than  among  the  whites  ;  and 
that  the  proportion  which  they  bear  to  the  other  causes 
of  death,  is  nearly  equal  in  the  last  two  series  of  years ; 
a  little  higher  in  the  first.  This  greater  rate  of  mortali¬ 
ty  in  the  first  series,  depends  upon  the  occurrence  of 
epidemic  hooping  cough,  in  this  series  of  years,  which 
in  the  black  population  terminates  in  Consumption 
much  more  frequently  than  in  the  whites.  Leaving 
out  the  first  series  therefore,  the  proportion  which  Con¬ 
sumption  bears  to  all  other  causes  of  death  would  be 
about  14.  per  cent,  for  our  native  population. 

Diseases  of  the  Organs  of  Circulation . — The  deaths 
from  this  class  of  causes  would  appear  from  the  tables 
to  be  rather  on  the  increase,  but  this  is  more  apparent 
than  real.  Many  deaths  which  were  formerly  register¬ 
ed  under  the  vague  terms  of  debility,  sudden  death, 
fever,  &c.,  are  now  referred  to  their  proper  head,  viz  : 
disease  of  the  heart,  either  acute  or  chronic,  hence  the 
apparent  increase  of  this  class  of  causes. 

Diseases  of  the  Organs  of  Digestion . — This  class  of 
diseases,  the  most  fertile  of  deaths  in  Southern  cli¬ 
mates,  would  also  appear  from  the  tables  to  be  some¬ 
what  on  the  increase — the  proportion  rising  from  8,34 
to  11.71  among  the  whites,  and  from  9.12  to  12.69  per 
cent,  among  the  blacks.  This  also  arises,  chiefly,  if 
not  entirely,  from  a  change  of  nomenclature.  Many 
deaths  formerly  registered  as  u  fever”  are  now  put  down 


208 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


to  “  Enteritis,”  and  many  cases  formerly  termed  “  infan¬ 
tile”  are  now  registered  as  “teething.”  Hence  the 
increase  of  these  two  classes  of  causes,  and  they  alone 
more  than  make  up  the  difference  in  the  proportion 
between  the  first  and  the  last  series  of  years. 

Diseases  of  the  Urinary  Organs . — These  constitute 
but  a  small  portion  of  the  general  mass  of  deaths. 
Gravel  and  Inflammation  of  the  Bladder,  are  the  most 
frequent  of  the  disorders  appertaining  to  this  class. 

Diseases  of  the  Organs  of  Generation . — The  largest 
number  of  deaths  from  this  class  of  causes  arise  from 
Child-birth.  The  proportion  which  they  bear  to  all 
the  causes  of  deaths,  is  apparently  pretty  uniform  in 
the  three  series  of  years,  the  difference  being  too 
small  to  admit  of  comment. 

Diseases  of  the  Organs  of  Locomotion . — This  class 
bears  so  small  a  proportion  to  the  sum  total  of  deaths, 
that  no  especial  observations  upon  it  are  required. 

Diseases  of  the  Integumentary  System . — This  is  also 

a  very  small  class  of  causes,  which  requires  no  especial 
remarks. 

Deaths  from  Old  Age. — There  is  so  much  vagueness 
in  the  use  of  this  term,  that  it  is  scarcely  justifiable  to 
deduce  any  positive  conclusions  from  the  proportion 
which  these  bear  to  the  deaths  from  other  causes.  It 
appears  from  the  tables  that  a  larger  proportion  of  deaths 
from  Old  Age  occur  among  the  black  than  among  the 
white  population.  This  result  is  confirmed  by  a  refer¬ 
ence  to  the  tables  at  the  end  of  the  chapter,  in  which  it 
will  be  seen  that  a  larger  proportion  of  blacks  die  over 
70  years  of  age  than  whites.  In  the  censuses  of  1830, 
1840,  and  1848,  the  number  of  blacks  who  reach  the 
higher  ages  far  exceeds  the  whites;  the  results,  there¬ 
fore,  which  appear  in  the  tables,  are  probably  correct, 
and  a  greater  number  of  blacks  die  of  Old  Age  than 


PUBLIC  HEALTH. 


209 


whites.  The  pause  of  this  is  obvious ;  a  slave  past  the 
age  of  labor  is  supported  in  ease  and  comfort  by  the 
master,  who  has  had  the  benefit  of  his  early  days  of 
toil  and  labor.  With  no  doubts,  fears  or  anxieties  as 
to  his  future  subsistence,  with  warm  clothing,  abundance 
of  food,  and  a  good  habitation,  the  superannuated  slave 
leads  a  life  of  ease  and  comfort,  which  prolongs  his 
existence  far  beyond  the  “three  score  years  and  ten” 
allotted  to  man  as  the  duration  of  his  existence. 

Deaths  from  External  Causes. — The  deaths  from  this 
class  of  causes  are  chiefly  by  Intemperance  and  Acci¬ 
dents,  From  the  former  of  these  causes,  although 
slightly  decreased,  the  deaths  are  still  sufficiently  nu¬ 
merous  to  be  a  cause  of  sorrow  and  shame  to  us. 


From  a  general  view  of  all  the  causes  of  death,  it 
appears  that  the  deaths  among  the  white  population 


1822  to  1830. 

1831  to  1840. 

1841  to  1848- 

By  Zymotic  diseases,  were 

33.67 

38.89 

21.86 

“  Sporadic  “  “ 

54.70 

51.21 

64.27 

“  Old  Age  and  External  Causes,  were  11.63 

9.90 

* 

13.87 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

The  deaths  among  the  black  population 

1822  to  1830. 

1831  to  1840. 

1841  to  1848. 

By  Zymotic  diseases,  were 

18.66 

24.73 

18.90 

“  Sporadic  “  “ 

68.67 

64.19 

70.15 

“  Old  Age  and  External  Causes,  were  12.67 

11.08 

10.95 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

The  deaths  among 

the  whole  population 

1822  to  1830. 

1831  to  1840. 

1841  to  1848. 

By  Zymotic  diseases,  were 

25.04 

30.90 

20.07 

“  Sporadic  “  “ 

62.76 

58.38 

67.76 

“  Old  Age  and  External  Causes,  were  12.20  10.72  12.17 

100.00  lOfl.OO  100.00 

Taking  the  deaths  from  Zymotic  diseases  as  an  index 
of  health,  it  appears  from  these  tables,  that  although 
there  was  a  considerable  increase  of  deaths  from  this 


210 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


class  of  causes  in  the  second  series  of  years,  yet  in  the 
third  there  was  a  far  greater  diminution.  The  cause  of 
the  increase  in  the  second  period  has  already  been  ad¬ 
verted.  If  these  tables  be  now  compared  with  the 
tables,  pages  196-7,  it  will  be  seen  that  they  confirm  the 
evidences  there  brought  forward  of  the  progressive 
improvement  of  the  health  of  the  population. 

The  Different  Sexes . — If  the  tables  marked  E,  at 
end  of  chapter,  are  examined,  it  will  be  perceived  that, 
taken  collectively,  the  deaths  among  the  male  popu¬ 
lation  exceed  those  among  the  female  by  2,314,  or 
nearly  12.  per  cent.  If  each  series  of  years  be  exam¬ 
ined  separately,  the  proportion  is  as  follows : 


1822  to  1830.  Deaths.  Average.  Proportion. 


Males, 

4,250 

472 

56.46: 

=  100.  : 

or 

129.67 

Females, 

3,273 

364 

43.54 

to  77.12. 

to 

100. 

Totals, 

7,523 

836 

100.00 

1831  to  1840. 

Males, 

4,395 

439 

57.31  : 

=  100.  : 

or 

134.25 

Females, 

3,268 

327 

42.69 

to  74.49. 

to 

100. 

Totals, 

7,663 

766 

100.00 

1841  to  1848. 

Males, 

2,485 

311 

52.54= 

=  100.  : 

or 

110.71 

Females, 

2,248 

281 

47.46 

to  99.33. 

to 

100. 

Totals, 

4,733 

592 

100.00 

This  appears  to  be  a  large  disproportion,  the  male 
deaths  exceeding  the  female  in  the  proportion  of  29. 
per  cent.,  34.  per  cent.,  and  10  per  cent.,  respectively, 
in  the  three  Series  of  years. 

If  the  same  tables  are  examined  in  a  similar  manner, 
separating  the  deaths  according  to  races,  the  propor¬ 
tion  is  as  follows : 


PUBLIC  HEALTH. 


211 


WHITES. 


1822  to  1830. 

Deaths. 

Average.  Proportion. 

Males, 

2,248 

249 

65.01=100.  : 

or  191.28 

Females, 

1,199 

134 

34.99  to  52.88. 

to  100. 

Totals, 
1831  to  1840. 

3,447 

• 

383 

100.00 

Males, 

2,242 

224 

66.67=  100.  : 

or  200.04 

Females, 

1,124 

112 

33.33  to  49.99. 

to  100. 

Totals, 

3,366 

336 

100.00 

1841  to  1848. 

Males, 

1,069 

134 

56.78=  100.  : 

or  131.36 

Females, 

817 

102 

43.22  to  76.12.  to  100. 

A 

Totals, 

1,886 

236  100.00 

BLACKS. 

1822  to  1830. 

Deaths . 

Average.  Proportion. 

Males, 

2,002 

222 

49.01  =  100.  : 

or  96.01 

Females, 

2,074 

231 

50.99  to  104.04.  to  100.00 

Totals, 

4,076 

453 

100.00 

1831  to  1840. 

Males, 

2,153 

215 

50.11  =  100.  : 

or  100.44 

Females, 

2,144 

214 

49.89  to  99.56. 

to  100. 

Totals, 
1841  to  1848. 

4,297 

429 

100.00 

Males, 

1,416 

177 

49.72=100,  : 

or  98.88 

Females, 

1,431 

179 

50.28  to  101.13. 

to  100.00 

Totals, 

2,847 

356 

100.00 

It  appears  from  this  comparison  that  the  causes  of 
death  are  much  more  active,  in  proportion,  among  the 
male  whites  than  among  the  male  blacks;  the  propor- 


212 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


tion  of  male  deaths  among  the  whites  exceeding  the 
female  in  the  proportion  of  91.:  100.:  and  31.  per  cent, 
in  the  three  series.  Among  the  black  population,  on 
the  contrary,  the  proportion  of  deaths  in  the  two  sexes 
is  very  nearly  equal  in  two  of  the  series,  the  female 
even  slightly  exceeding  the  male.  If,  however,  the 
mortality  of  each  sex  and  race  be  compared  with  the 
numbers  living  of  each,  it  will  be  found  that  although 
the  deaths  among  the  female  blacks,  in  some  years, 
numerically  exceed  the  male,  yet  they  are  relatively 
less,  as  compared  with  the  number  living  of  that  sex. 
For  the  purpose  of  illustrating  this  fact,  three  tables 
have  been  prepared.  In  the  first,  the  mortality  has 
been  compared  with  the  number  of  each  sex  living  of 
the  whole  population.  In  the  second  and  third,  the 
same  calculations  have  been  made  for  the  white  and  the 
black  population.  The  years  1830,  1840,  1848,  have 
been  selected  as  those  in  which  the  numbers  of  the 
population  were  definitely  ascertained,  within  the  period 
comprised  by  the  tables  of  mortality. 

Whole  Population , 


In  100.  In  100.  Exc’s 

1830-Males,  1.91.  Females,  1.41 — .50 
1840  “  2.74  “  1.67-1.07 

1848  “  2.65  “  2.27— .38 


__  ,  ljn.  lin.  Ex’s 

Males,  52.  Females,  70 — 18 
“  36  “  68—32 

“  38  “  44—  6 


In  100. 

1830-Males,  1.99. 
1840  “  2.70 
1848  “  2.25 


White  Population, 


In  100.  Excess 

Females,  1.30 — .69 
“  1.18-1.52 

“  2.01— .24 


I  in-  1  in.  Ex’s 

Males,  50.  Females,  77 — 27 
“  36  “  85—49 

“  38  “  49—11 


In  100. 

1830-Males,  1.88. 
1840  “  2.79 
1848  “  3.23 


Black  Population, 


In  100.  Excess 

Females,  1.61 — .27 
“  2.05— .74 

“  2.58— .65 


1  in. 

Males,  54. 
“  36 

“  31 


1  in.  Ex’s 

remales,  67 — 13 
“  48—12 

“  39—  8 


These  tables  shew  the  truth  of  what  was  stated 
above,  that  the  causes  of  death  are  more  active  among 
the  males  of  both  races,  than  among  the  females.  It 


PUBLIC  HEALTH. 


213 


exhibits  the  fact,  moreover,  that  a  much  greater  dis¬ 
parity  exists  in  the  proportional  mortality  of  the  sexes 
among  the  whites  than  among  the  blacks. 

Season . — The  influence  ot  season  upon  mortality  is 
marked  in  all  climates,  especially  in  Southern.  For 
the  purpose  of  illustrating  this  fact,  the  tables  marked 
E,  at  end  of  chapter,  have  been  formed.  In  order, 
however,  that  this  point  may  be  more  clearly  brought 
to  view,  the  following  abstract  has  been  made  from 


them,  which  exhibits  the  effect  of  season  upon  the 


Number  of  Deaths. 

In  each  100  there 

were  in 

1822 

1831 

1841 

1822 

1831 

1841 

MONTHS. 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

1830 

1840 

1848 

1830 

1840 

1848 

January, 

537 

530 

381 

7.14 

6.92 

8.04 

February, 

472 

442 

334 

6.26 

5.77 

7.05 

March, 

484 

457 

376 

6.43 

5.96 

7.94 

April, 

493 

423 

373 

6.55 

5.52 

7.88 

May, 

600 

443 

385 

7.98 

5.78 

8.14 

June, 

779 

643 

466 

10.36 

8.39 

9.84 

July, 

847 

738 

425 

11.26 

9.64 

8.97 

August, 

803 

886 

442 

10.68 

11.56 

9.34 

September, 

851 

1218 

414 

11.31 

15.89 

8.75 

October, 

662 

893 

434 

8.80 

11.65 

9.20 

November, 

532 

540 

352 

7.07 

7.05 

7.43 

December, 

463 

450 

351 

6.16 

5.87 

7.42 

Totals. 

7523 

7663 

4733 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

the  whole  population,  the  largest  proportion  were  in 
September,  in  the  first  two  series  of  years,  while  in 


the  third,  June  offered  the  largest  proportion.  In  the 
last  series,  there  is  a  remarkable  uniformity  in  the  pro¬ 
portion  of  deaths,  the  highest  month,  June,  exceeding 
the  lowest  month,  February,  only  by  1.79  per  cent. 
For  the  purpose  of  comparing  the  influence  of  season 
upon  the  mortality  of  the  two  races,  the  following  tables 
have  been  constructed. 


214 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


White  Population , 


Number  of  Deaths. 

In  each 

100  there  were  in 

1822 

1831 

1841 

1822 

1831 

1841 

MONTHS. 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

1830 

1840 

1848 

1830 

1840 

1848 

January, 

245 

219 

151 

7.10 

6.50 

8.01 

February, 

206 

159 

138 

5.98 

4.72 

7.32 

March, 

199 

169 

129 

5.76 

5.02 

6.84 

April, 

198 

170 

143 

5.73 

5.05 

7.59 

May, 

233 

157 

130 

6.76 

4.66 

6.84 

June, 

328 

243 

190 

9.54 

7.22 

10.08 

July, 

355 

305 

181 

10.29 

9.06 

9.60 

August, 

391 

445 

164 

11.34 

13.22 

8.70 

September, 

October, 

487 

329 

630 

428 

174 

157 

14.12 

9.57 

18.72 

12.72 

9.23 

8.33 

November, 

265 

251 

172 

7.69 

7.46 

9.13 

December, 

211 

190 

157 

6.12 

5.65 

8.33 

Totals. 

3447 

3366 

1886 

100.00) 

100.00 

100.00 

Number  of  Deaths. 

in  each  100  there 

were  in 

1822 

1831 

1841 

1822 

1831 

1841 

MONTHS. 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

1830 

1840 

1848 

1830 

1840 

1848 

January, 

292 

311 

230 

7.17 

7.23 

8.07 

February, 

266 

283 

196 

6.53 

6.59 

6.88 

March, 

285 

288 

247 

6.99 

6.90 

8.67 

April, 

295 

253 

230 

7.24 

5.77 

8.08 

May, 

367 

286 

255 

9.01 

6.65 

8.95 

June, 

451 

400 

276 

11.07 

9.30 

9.69 

July, 

492 

433 

244 

12.07 

10.07 

8.57 

August, 

412 

441 

278 

10.12 

10.26 

9.80 

September, 

364 

588 

240 

8.91 

13.65 

8.43 

October, 

333 

465 

277 

8.15 

10.81 

9.73 

November, 

267 

289 

180 

6.55 

6.72 

6.32 

December, 

252 

260 

194 

6.19 

6.05 

6.81 

Totals. 

4076 

4297 

j »  p 

2847 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

— r — — ^  wuico  it  appears  in  a 

among  the  white  population  in  the  first  two  series 
September  offered  the  largest  proportional  mortality, 
while  in  the  last  series  June  rose  highest  in  the  scale 
Among  the  black  population,  July  and  September  offer¬ 
ed  the  largest  proportional  mortality  in  the  first  two 
series,  and  August  in  the  third.  This  differs  but  little 
from  the  results  obtained  by  a  comparison  of  the  mor¬ 
tality  among  the  whole  population,  and  justifies  the  con¬ 
clusion  that  the  four  months  from  June  to  September 


PUBLIC  HEALTH. 


215 

are  most  fruitful  of  death,  in  both  the  white  and  colored 
laces.  February,  with  one  exception,  has  always  been 
the  healthiest  month. 

The  ages  at  death* — This  is  a  most  important 
element  in  estimating  the  comparative  mortality  of  a 
population,  as  compared  either  with  other  places  or 
with  itself  at  different  periods.  The  tables  marked 
/*,  at  the  end  of  the  chapter  have  been  arranged 
to  shew  the  mortality  at  different  ages,  of  both  the 
white  and  black  population — the  males  being  also 
sepai ated  from  the  females.  There  are  several 
methods  of  applying  the  deaths  at  specified  ages 
to  the  purpose  of  calculating  the  comparative  lon¬ 
gevity  of  any  people.  Tables  have  therefore  been  ar- 
langed  according  to  some  of  the  most  approved  methods 
of  applying  this  element  to  the  calculation  of  the  chan¬ 
ces  of  life.  These  tables  will  be  found  interesting  in 
many  points  of  view.  They  are  the  first  ever  calcula¬ 
ted  for  this  latitude,  based  upon  the  ages  at  death  of  the 
resident  population;  all  insurancies  upon  life  having  been 
hitherto  effected  upon  tables  calculated  for  the  British 
population,  or  the  population  of  Northern  cities. 

First  Method. — This  consists  in  determining  the 
proportion  of  all  the  deaths  that  occur  at  specified 
ages.  The  subjoined  fables  are  constructed  on  this 
method*  They  shew  the  per  centage  of  deaths  which 
have  occurred  at  all  ages,  from  birth  to  100  years,  in 
the  three  periods  into  which  the  twenty-seven  years 
have  been  divided.  The  first  table  shews  the  per  cent¬ 
age  of  deaths  at  specified  ages  for  the  whole  popula¬ 
tion. 


28 


216 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON, 


Whole  Population. 


Number  of  Deaths 

In  each  100  there 

in  the  periods. 

were  in. 

AGES. 

1822 

1831 

1841 

1822 

1831 

1841 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

1830 

1840 

1848 

1830 

1840 

1848 

Under  1  year 

1173 

1003 

820 

15.59 

13.09 

17.32 

From  1  to  5 

U 

983 

936 

761 

13.07 

12.21 

16.08 

“  5  “  10 

u 

304 

323 

168 

4.04 

4.21 

3.55 

“  10  “  20 

a 

453 

561 

281 

6.02 

7.32 

5.94 

“  20  “  30 

u 

980 

1119 

508 

13.03 

14.60 

10.73 

“  30  “  40 

u 

1094 

1084 

525 

14.54 

14.15 

11.09 

“  40  “  50 

u 

763 

807 

467 

10.14 

10.53 

9.87 

“  50  “  60 

u 

576 

603 

343 

7.66 

7.87 

7.25 

“  60  “  70 

u 

515 

496 

324 

6.85 

6.47 

6.85 

“  70  “  80 

u 

361 

390 

255 

4.80 

5.09 

5.39 

“  80  “  90 

u 

219 

219 

198 

2.91 

2.86 

4.18 

“  90  “100 

u 

65 

97 

63 

.86 

1.27 

1.33 

Over  100 

u 

37 

25 

20 

.49 

.33 

.42 

Totals. 

7523 

7663 

4733 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

By  this  table  it  will  be  perceived  that  the  proportion 

ol  deaths  under  1  year  have  increased  from  15.59  to 
17.32  per  cent.;  ol  deaths  over  1,  but  under  5  years, 
from  13.07  to  16.08  per  cent.;  or  an  increase  of  infant 
mortality  of  4.74  per  cent,  since  1821.  This  fact  be¬ 
ing  ascertained,  it  then  becomes  interesting  to  enquire 
whether  this  increase  ol  infant  mortality  has  occurred 
among  the  white  or  the  black  population,  and  with  a 
view  of  determining  that  point,  the  tables  which  follow 
have  been  arranged. 


White  Population. 


Number  of  Deaths 

in  each  1UU  there 

in  the  periods. 

were  in 

AGES. 

1822 

1831 

1841 

1822 

1831 

1841 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

1830 

1840 

1848 

1830 

1840 

1848 

Under  1  year 

314 

262 

204 

9.11 

7.79 

10.82 

■From  1  to  $ 

u 

361 

312 

283 

10.47 

9.27 

15.00 

“  5  “  10 

a 

124 

111 

60 

3.60 

3.30 

3.18 

“  10  “  20 

a 

164 

181 

67 

4.76 

5.38 

3.55 

“  20  “  30 

a 

641 

732 

248 

18.60 

21.75 

13.15 

“  30  “  40 

u 

661 

702 

299 

19.18 

20.86 

15.85 

“  40  “  50 

a 

424 

391 

227 

12.30 

11.62 

12.04 

“  50  “  60 

u 

269 

248 

148 

7.80 

7.37 

7.85 

“  60  “  70 

a 

258 

179 

144 

7.48 

5.32 

7.63 

“  70  “  80 

« 

143 

152 

118 

4.15 

4.52 

6.26 

“  80  “  90 

u 

76 

82 

75 

2.20 

2.44 

3.98 

“  90  “  100 

ti 

10 

13 

13 

.29 

.35 

.69 

Over  100 

u 

2 

1 

0 

.06 

.03 

Totals. 

3447 

3366 

1886 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

PUBLIC  HEALTH. 


217 


Black  Population . 


Number  of 

Deaths 

in  each  100  there 

m  the  periods. 

were  in 

AGES. 

1822 

1831 

1841 

1822 

1831 

1841 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

to 

1830 

1840 

1848 

1830 

1840 

1848 

Under  1 

rear 

859 

741 

616 

21.07 

17.24 

21.64 

h  rom  1  to  5 

66 

622 

624 

478 

15.26 

14.52 

16.79 

66 

5  “  10 

66 

180 

212 

108 

4.42 

4.93 

3.79 

66 

10  “20 

66 

289 

380 

214 

7.09 

8.84 

7.52 

a 

20  “30 

66 

339 

387 

260 

8.32 

9.00 

9.13 

a 

30  «  40 

66 

433 

382 

226 

10.62 

8.89 

7.94 

66 

40  «  50 

66 

339 

416 

240 

8.32 

9.68 

8.43 

a 

50  “  60 

66 

307 

355 

195 

7.53 

8.26 

6.85 

66 

60  “  70 

66 

257 

317 

180 

6.30 

7.42 

6.32 

66 

70  “  80 

66 

218 

238 

137 

5.35 

5.54 

4.81 

u 

80  “  90 

66 

143 

137 

123 

3.51 

3.18 

4.32 

a 

90  “100 

66 

55 

84 

50 

1.35 

1.95 

1.76 

Over  100 

66 

35 

24 

20 

.86 

.55 

.70 

Totals. 

4076 

4297 

2847 

100.00|  100.00 

ioo.ooI 

From  this  comparison  it  will  be  seen  that  the  increase 
of  infant  mortality,  remarked  in  the  table  for  the  whole 
population,  has  fallen  almost  exclusively  upon  the  white 
population,  the  increase  being  1.74  per  cent,  for  chil¬ 
dren  under  1  year,  and  4.52  per  cent,  for  children  from 
1  to  5  years,  nearly  6  per  cent.;  while  in  the  black  popu¬ 
lation  there  has  not  been  an  increase  of  1  per  cent,  for 
all  ages  under  5.  An  examination  and  comparison  of 
these  tables  also  shew  another  interesting  fact,  that  the 
largest  number  of  deaths  among  the  whites  occur  be¬ 
tween  the  ages  of  30-40  years ;  while  in  the  black 
population  the  tenure  of  life  is  least  secure  under  1  year 
of  age,  and  between  1  and  5. 

Second  Method. — This  consists  in  ascertaining  the 
proportion  that  survived  specific  ages  of  all  that  die. 
The  tables  that  follow,  to  illustrate  this  fact,  are  calcu¬ 
lated  first  for  the  whole  population,  and  then  for  the 
whites  and  blacks  respectively.  The  last  three  columns 
of  the  upper  portion  of  the  table  contain  the  propor¬ 
tion  surviving  specified  ages  calculated  for  the  popula¬ 
tion  of  London,  Carlisle,  and  Boston. 


218 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Whole  Population . 


AGE 

SURVIVING 

1 822 

to  1830. 

1831 

to  1840 

1841 

to  1848. 

London 

Carlisle 

Boston. 

At  Birth, 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

Surviving  1 

year, 

84.41 

86.91 

82.68 

68. 

84. 

79.20 

U 

5 

U 

71.34 

74.70 

66.60 

42.6 

68. 

53.38 

U 

10 

u 

67.30 

70.49 

63.05 

37.3 

64.6 

48.92 

a 

20 

u 

61.28 

63.17 

57.11 

32.5 

60.9 

43.63 

a 

30 

u 

48.25 

48.57 

46.38 

27.2 

56.4 

31.92 

u 

40 

u 

33.71 

34.42 

35.29 

21.2 

50.8 

21.80 

u 

50 

u 

23.57 

23.89 

25.42 

14.7 

44. 

14.83 

a 

60 

u 

15.91 

16.02 

18.17 

9.6 

36.4 

9.95 

u 

70 

u 

9.06 

9.55 

11.32 

5.2 

24. 

5.77 

u 

80 

u 

4.26 

4.46 

5.93 

1.7 

9.5 

2.08 

a 

90 

a 

1.35 

1.60 

1.75 

.2 

1.4 

.29 

a 

100 

u 

0.49 

0.33 

0.42 

AGE 

WHITE  POPULATION. 

BLACK  POPULATION. 

1822 

1831 

1841 

1822 

1831 

1841 

to  1830. 

to  1840. 

to  1848. 

to  1830. 

to  1840. 

to  1848. 

At  Birth, 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

Surviving  1 

year, 

90.89 

92.21 

89.18 

78.93 

82.76 

78.36 

a 

5 

U 

80.42 

82.94 

74.18 

63.67 

68.24 

61.57 

u 

10 

U 

| 

76.82 

79.64 

71.00 

59.25 

63.31 

57.78 

C( 

20 

U 

72.06 

74.26 

67.451 

52.16 

54.47 

50.26 

a 

30 

« 

53.46 

52.51 

54.30 

43.84 

45.47 

41.13 

a 

40 

u 

34.28 

31.65 

38.45 

33.22 

36.58 

33.19 

u 

50 

u 

21.98 

20.03 

26.41 

24.90 

26.90 

24.76 

a 

60 

u 

14.18 

12.66 

18.56 

17.37 

18.64 

17.91 

a 

70 

66 

6.70 

7.34. 

10.93 

11.07 

11.22 

11.59 

u 

80 

66 

2.55 

2.82 

4.67 

5.72 

5.68 

6.78 

a 

90 

66 

0.35 

0.38 

0.69 

2.21 

2.50 

2.46 

u 

100 

a 

0.06 

0.03 

0.86 

0.55 

0.70 

By  examining  the  above  tables,  it  will  be  perceived 
that  for  the  whole  population,  84.41  per  cent,  survived 
1  year  in  the  first  period,  86.91  in  the  second,  and  82.68 
per  cent,  in  the  third,  while  71.34:  74.70:  and  66.60 
per  cent,  survived  5  years,  in  the  three  periods  re¬ 
spectively,  shewing  an  increase  of  infant  mortality  in 
the  third  period.  It  next  becomes  a  matter  of  interest 
to  enquire  upon  what  causes  this  increase  depends,  and 
whether  they  are  such  as  will  probably  permanently 
increase  the  mortality  of  the  earlier  periods  of  life. 
The  increase,  it  will  be  seen,  fell  chiefly  upon  the  white 
population. 

By  a  reference  to  the  tables  marked  a  and  6,  at  the 
end  of  the  chapter,  it  will  be  seen  that  a  large 
mortality  occurred  during  a  portion  of  the  period 
of  1841-48,  from  Scarlet  Fever.  During  a  por- 


PUBLIC  HEALTH. 


219 

tion  of  this  period,  two  epidemics  of  Scarlatina  occur¬ 
red,  which  of  course  increased  the  mortality  of  those 
years  for  all  ages  under  10,  That  the  increase  of  mor¬ 
tality  at  this  period  of  life  was  due  to  this  cause,  and 
this  only,  is  evident  from  the  fact,  that  the  increase  has 
fallen  entirely  upon  the  white  population,  the  blacks 
escaping,  as  they  are  less  liable  to  attacks  of  this  dis¬ 
ease.  This  fact  was  remarked,  and  commented  upon, 
in  the  observations  on  Zymotic  diseases.  Were  there 
any  causes  permanently  at  work  to  increase  the  mor¬ 
tality  of  children,  there  should  have  been  an  increase 
in  the  second  period,  viz:  1831  to  ’40,  whereas  there  is 
absolutely  a  diminution  from  the  first  to  the  second 
peiiod,  both  among  the  whites  and  blacks,  the  increase 
being  only  in  the  third  period. 

By  comparing  the  tables  for  the  white  and  that  for 
the  black  population,  it  will  be  perceived  that  there  is 
an  immense  disparity  between  the  proportions  which 
survive  the  first  year  in  the  two  races,  the  numbers 
being  90  per  cent,  for  the  former,  and  only  80  per  cent, 
for  the  latter.  The  cause  of  this  immense  dispropor¬ 
tion  may  easily  be  ascertained  by  a  reference  to  the 
tables  marked  a  and  b ,  at  the  end  of  the  chapter. 
It  will  be  there  seen,  that  from  the  disease  popularly 
known  as  “  infant’s  lock-jaw,”  (trismus  nascentium,) 
the  number  of  blacks  dying  was  150:  169:  and 
220 :  in  the  three  periods :  while  the  mortality 
among  the  whites  from  the  same  disease  amounted  only 
to  16  as  the  aggregate  of  the  twenty-seven  years.  A 
large  portion  of  the  infant  mortality  of  the  blacks, 
therefore,  occurs  in  children  under  one  month.  Were 
the  deaths  from  this  cause  separated  from  all  the  deaths 
under  one  year  occurring  in  this  class,  the  mortality 

among  them  would  scarcely  exceed  that  among  the 
wdiites. 

A  further  comparison  of  the  tables  for  the  black  and 


220 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


white  races,  will  shew  that  up  to  the  age  of  thirty,  the 
proportion  of  whites  surviving  is  much  greater  than  that 
of  the  blacks ;  but  at  forty  years,  the  proportion  sur¬ 
viving  of  the  two  races  becomes  nearly  equal.  From 
this  age,  the  proportion  of  blacks  surviving,  gradually 
rises  over  the  proportion  of  whites,  so  that  at  the  age  of 
90,  among  the  blacks,  the  proportion  is  the  same  as  at 

80  years  for  the  whites. 

•/ 

For  the  purpose  of  comparison,  the  three  last  col¬ 
umns  of  the  table  of  the  whole  population  surviving 
specified  ages,  has  been  filled  with  the  proportion  sur¬ 
viving  each  of  the  specified  ages  in  London,  Carlisle 
and  Boston,  as  stated  in  the  tables  published  by  Mr. 
Simpson,  Mr.  Heysham,  and  Dr.  Shattuck. 

If  the  numbers  in  the  last  column  of  the  table  for 
the  whole  population,  be  compared  with  the  numbers 
in  the  three  columns  containing  the  London,  Carlisle 
and  Boston  tables,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  proportion 
per  cent,  who  survive  is  greater  in  Charleston  than  in 
London  or  Boston,  but  less  than  in  Carlisle.  If,  now, 
these  tables  are  compared  with  the  proportions  of 
whites  and  of  blacks  surviving  specified  ages,  it  will  be 
seen  that  the  proportion  of  whites  surviving  is  much 
greater  for  all  ages  than  in  London  or  Boston,  and 
greater  than  in  the  Carlisle  tables  up  to  the  age  of 
thirty;  from  this  age  upwards,  the  numbers  in  the  Car¬ 
lisle  tables  exceed  those  in  the  tables  calculated  for  the 
white  population  of  this  city.  If  the  numbers  in  the 
tables  for  those  cities  be  also  compared  with  the  num¬ 
bers  in  the  tables  of  the  black  population,  it  will  be  seen 
that  the  latter  exceed  those  of  London  and  Boston,  but 
fall  short  of  the  numbers  of  the  Carlisle  tables  up  to 
the  age  of  90,  when  the  proportion  of  blacks  surviving 
exceeds  that  of  all  the  other  tables.  The  probable 
causes  of  this  extreme  extension  of  life  among  the 
blacks  have  been  already  alluded  to. 


PUBLIC  HEALTH. 


221 


Third  Method. — By  ascertaining  the  proportion 
per  ct.  of  persons  surviving  specified  ages,  but  who  die 
before  the  next  specified  period.  The  subjoined  tables, 
e,  f>  gi  Pages  222,  223,  224,  have  been  constructed 
on  this  plan.  They  are  calculated  first  for  the  whole 
population,  then  for  the  whites  and  blacks  separately. 
In  the  first  three  columns  of  the  upper  part  of  these 
tables  will  be  found  the  number  surviving  each  speci¬ 
fied  age  for  the  whole  population,  and  for  the  whites 
and  blacks  respectively,  and  in  the  lower  first 
three  columns,  the  proportion  per  cent,  dying  be¬ 
fore  the  next  period.  These  tables  are  obtained  by 
dividing  the  number  that  died  between  two  specified 
ages  by  the  number  that  survived  the  first  specified  age ; 
thus,  for  example,  in  the  first  period,  in  table  y,  page 
223,  it  will  be  seen  that  3,133  survived  at  the  age  of  1 
year,  and  of  these  361  died  before  arriving  at  the  age 
of 5  years;  dividing  the  latter  by  the  former,  gives  11.52 
as  the  per  centage  of  deaths,  and  according,  in  the  lower 
part  of  the  table,  11.52  appears  as  the  per  centage  of 
deaths  at  that  age.  In  the  4,  5  and  6th  columns  of  the 
upper  part  of  the  tables,  will  be  found  the  number  of 
years  of  life  enjoyed  by  those  that  lived  and  those  that 
died  at  each  specified  age,  calculated  for  the  whole 
population,  the  black  and  the  white,  in  the  several  tables. 


222 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Whole  Population . 


e. 


AGE. 

N  umber  surviving  and  dying 

Number  of  years  of  life  en- 

.  joyed  by  the  surviving  and 
the  dying. 

1822 

to  1830. 

1831 
to  1840. 

1841 
to  1848. 

1822 
to  1830. 

1831 
to  1840. 

1841 
to  1848. 

Under  1, 

Dying  under  1, 
Surviving  1, 

Dying  before  5,  • 
Surviving  5, 

Dying  before  10, 
Surviving  10, 
j  Dying  before  20, 
Surviving  20, 

!  Dying  before  30, 
Surviving  30, 

Dying  before  40, 
Surviving  40, 

Dying  before  50, 
Surviving  50, 

Dying  before  60, 
Surviving  60, 

!  Dying  before  70, 
Surviving  70, 

Dying  before  80, 
Surviving  80, 

Dying  before  90, 
Surviving  90, 

Dying  before  100, 
Surviving  100, 

7,52: 

1,17: 

6,35( 

98: 

5,36" 

30^ 

5,06: 

45c 

4,61C 

98C 

3,63C 

1,094 

2,536 

763 

1,773 

576 

1,197 

515 

682 

361 

321 

219 

102 

65 

37 

*  7,66: 

s  i,oo: 
)  6,66( 
1  936 

7  5,724 

t  32c 

1  5,401 

561 
4,84C 
1,119 
3,721 
1,084 
2,637 
807 
1,830 
603 
1,227 
496 
731 
390 
341 
219 
122 
97 
25 

i  4,73c 
5  82C 

)  3,913 

761 
3,152 
168 
2,984 
281 
2,703 
508 
2,195 
525 
1,670 
467 
1,203 
343 
860 
324 
536 
255 
281 
198 
83 
63 
20! 

230,1  U 
58( 
229, 53i 
2,45' 
227, 07* 
2,286 
224, 79£ 
6,795 
218,006 
24,50C 
193, 50C 
38,29C 
155,210 
34.335 
120,875 
31,680 
89,195 
33,475 
55,720 
27,075 
28,645 
18,615 
10,030 
6,175 
3,855 

5  237, 9  U 
3  50] 

1237,41' 
1  2,346 

)  235,07*] 
)  2,322 

>  232,755 
)  5,415 

227,340 
29,975 
199,365 
37,940 
161,425 
36,315 
125,110 
33,165 
91,945 
32,240 
59,705 
29,250 
30,455 
18,615 
11,840 
9,215 
2,625 

3  143,842 
410 

1 143,432 
)  1,902 

141,530 
1,260 
140,270 
4,215 
136,055 
12,700 
123,355 
18,375 
104,980 
21,015 
83,965 
18,865 

65.100 
21,060 
44,040 
19,125 
24,915 
16,830 

8,085 

5,985 

2.100 

AGB. 

In  each  100  surviving  there 
died  before  the  next  specified 
age, 

Average  age  of  those  who  sur¬ 
vived  each  specified  age. 

1822 
to  1830. 

1831 
to  1840. 

1841 
to  1848. 

1822 
to  1830. 

1831 
to  1840. 

1841 
to  1848. 

.Birth  to  1  year, 

Surviving  1  year, 

“  5  “ 

“  10  “ 

“  20  “ 

“  30  “ 

“  40  “ 

“  50  « 

“  60  “ 

“  70  “ 

“  80  “ 

“  90  “ 

“  100  « 

15.59 

15.48 
5.66 
8.94 

21.25 
30.13 
30.08 

32.48 
43.02 
52.93 

68.26 
63.72 

100.00 

13.08 

14.05 

5.64 

10.36 

23.11 

29.13 

30.60 

32.95 

40.42 

53.35 

64.22 

79.50 

100.00 

17.32 

19.44 

5.32 

9.41 

18.79 

23.91 

27.96 

28.51 

37.67 

47.57 

70.46 

75.90 

100.00 

30.59 

36.15 

42.31 
44.40 
47.29 

53.31 
61.20 
68.18 
76.81 
81.70 
89.22 
98.33 

104.19 

31.05 

35.66 

41.07 

43.09 

46.97 

53.58 

61.21 

68.37 

74.12 

81.68 

89.31 

97.05 

105.001 

30.39 

36.66 
44.90 
47.01 
50.33 
56.20 
62.86 
69.79 
75.70 
82.16 

88.67 
97.41 

105.00 

PUBLIC  HEALTH. 


223 


White  Population . 


AGE. 

Number  surviving  and  dying. 

Number  of  >years  of  life  en¬ 
joyed  by  the  surviving  and 
the  dying. 

1822 

to  1830. 

1831 
to  1840. 

1841 
to  1848. 

1822 
to  1830. 

1831 
to  1840. 

1841 
to  1848. 

Under  1, 

3,447 

3,366 

1,886 

112,599 

109,908 

63,004 

Hying  under  1, 

314 

262 

204 

157 

131 

102 

Surviving  1, 

3,133 

3,104 

1,682 

112,442 

109,777 

62,902 

Hying  before  5, 

361 

312 

283 

902 

780 

707 

Surviving  5, 

2,772 

2,792 

1,399 

111,540 

108,997 

62,195 

Hying  before  10, 

124 

111 

60 

930 

832 

450 

Surviving  10, 

2,648 

2,681 

1,339 

110,610 

108,165 

61,745 

Hying  before  20, 

164 

181 

67 

2,460 

2,715 

1,005 

Surviving  20, 

2,484 

2,500 

1,272 

108,150 

105,450 

60,740 

Hying  before  30, 

641 

732 

248 

16,025 

18,300 

6,200 

Surviving  30, 

1,843 

1,768 

1,024 

92,125 

87,150 

54,540 

Hying  before  40, 

661 

702 

299 

23,135 

24,570 

10,465 

Surviving  40, 

1,182 

1,066 

725 

68,990 

62,580 

44,075 

Hying  before  50, 

424 

391 

227 

19,080 

17,595 

10,215 

Surviving  50, 

758 

675 

498 

49,910 

44,985 

33,860 

Hying  before  60, 

269 

248 

148 

14,795 

13,640 

8,140 

Surviving  60, 

489 

427 

350 

35,115 

31,345 

25,720 

Hying  before  70, 

258 

179 

144 

16,770 

11,635 

9,360 

Surviving  70, 

231 

248 

206 

18,345 

19,710 

16,360 

Hying  before  80, 

143 

152 

118 

10,725 

11,400 

8,750 

Surviving  80, 

88 

96 

88 

7,620 

8,310 

7,610 

Hying  before  90, 

76 

82 

75 

6,460 

6,970 

6,3/5 

Surviving  90, 

12 

14 

13 

1,160 

1,340 

1,235 

Hying  before  100, 

10 

13 

13 

950 

1,235 

1,235 

Surviving  100, 

2 

1 

0 

204 

105 

00 

In  each 

100  surviving  there 

Average  age  of  those  who  sur- 

died  belore  the  next  specified 

vived  each  specified  age. 

AGS. 

age, 

1822 

1831 

1841 

1822 

1831 

1841 

to  1830. 

to  1840. 

to  1848. 

to  1830. 

to  1840. 

to  1848. 

Birth  to  1  year, 

9.10 

7.77 

10.81 

32.63 

32.65 

33.41 

Surviving  1  year, 

11.52 

10.05 

16.82 

35.92 

35.36 

37.39 

“  5  “ 

4.47 

3.97 

4.28 

40.23 

39.03 

44.45 

“  10  “ 

6.19 

6.71 

5.00 

41.77 

40.34 

46.11 

“  20  “ 

28.80 

29.28 

19.41 

43.54 

42.18 

47.76 

“  30  “ 

35.61 

39.70 

29.19 

49.49 

49.29 

53.26 

“  40  “ 

35.87 

36.67 

31.31 

58.36 

58.70 

60.79 

“  50  “ 

35.48 

36.74 

29.71 

65.83 

66.64 

67.77 

“  60  “ 

52.76 

41.92 

41.14 

71.81 

73.41 

73.48 

“  70  “ 

61.90 

61.29 

57.28 

79.41 

79.47 

79.42 

“  80  “ 

86.36 

85.41 

85.23 

86.59 

86.56 

86.47 

“  90  “ 

83.33 

92.85 

100.00 

96.96 

95.71 

95.00 

“  100  “ 

100.00 

100.001 

105.00 

105.00 

29 


224 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Black  Population . 


Si 


AGE. 


Under  1, 

Dying  under  1, 
Surviving  1, 
Dying  before  5, 
Surviving  5, 
Dying  before  10, 
Surviving  10, 
Dying  before  20, 
Surviving  20, 
Dying  before  30, 
Surviving  30, 
Dying  before  40, 
Surviving  40, 
Dying  before  50, 
Surviving  50, 
Dying  before  60, 
Surviving  60, 
Dying  before  70, 
Surviving  70, 
Dying  before  80, 
Surviving  80, 
Dying  before  90, 
Surviving  90, 
Dying  before  100, 
Surviving  100, 


AGE. 


Birth  to  1  year, 
Surviving  1  year, 
5 


U 

U 

C6 

« 

U 

u 

u 

u 

« 

a 

u 


10 
20 
30 
40 
50 
60 
70  “ 
80  “ 
90  “ 
100  “ 


a 

u 

<c 

a 

u 

a 

a 


dumber 

surviving 

and  dying. 

Number  of  years  of  life  enjoy¬ 

ed  by  the  surviving  and  the 

dying. 

• 

1822 
to  1830. 

1831 
to  1840. 

1841 
to  1848. 

1822 
to  1830. 

1831 
to  1840. 

1841 
to  1848. 

4,076 

4,297 

2,847 

116,809 

132,110 

80,738 

859 

741 

616 

429 

370 

308 

3,217 

3,556 

2,231 

116,380 

131,740 

80,430 

622 

624 

478 

1,555 

1,560 

1,195 

2,545 

2,932 

1,753 

114,825 

130,180 

79,235 

180 

212 

108 

1,350 

1,590 

810 

2,415 

2,720 

1,645 

113,475 

128,590 

78,425 

289 

380 

214 

4,335 

5,700 

3,210 

2,126 

2,340 

1,431 

109,140 

122,890 

75,215 

339 

387 

260 

8,475 

9,675 

6,500 

1,787 

1,953 

3,171 

100,665 

113,215 

68,715 

433 

382 

226 

14,555 

13,370 

7,910 

1,354 

1,571 

945 

86,110 

99,845 

60,805 

339 

416 

240 

15,255 

18,720 

10,800 

1,015 

1,155 

705 

70,855 

81,125 

50,005 

307 

355 

195 

16,855 

19,525 

10,725 

708 

800 

510 

54,000 

61,600 

39,280 

257 

317 

180 

16,705 

21,605 

11,700 

45 1 

483 

330 

37,295 

39,995 

27,580 

218 

238 

137 

16,250 

17,850 

10,275 

233 

245 

193 

21,045 

22,145 

17,305 

143 

137 

123 

12,155 

11,645 

10,455 

90 

108 

70 

8,890 

10,500 

6,850 

55 

84 

50 

5,225 

7,980 

4,750 

35 

24 

20 

3,665 

2,520^ 

2,100 

In  each  100  surviving  there 
died  before  the  next  specified 
age. 


1822 
to  1830. 


21.07 

19.33 
6.93 

11.96 

15.94 

24.23 
25.03 

30.24 
36.72 

48.33 
61.37 
61.11 

100.00 


1831 
to  1840. 


17.24 

17.54 
7.23 

13.97 

16.53 

19.55 
26.47 
30.73 
39.62 
49.31 
55.91 
77.77 

100.00 


1841 
to  1848. 


21.63 

21.42 
61.60 
13. 
18.16 

19.29 
25.39 
27.66 

35.29 
41.51 
63.73 

71.42 
100.00 


Average  age  of  those  who  sur 
vived  each  specified  age. 


1822 
to  1830. 


28.66 

36.17 

44.24 

46.98 

51.33 

56.32 

63.69 
69.80 
76.27 

82.69 

90.32 
98.77 

104.71 


1831 
to  1840. 


30.74 

37.04 

44.39 

47.27 

52.51 

57.96 

63.55 

70.31 

77.00 

82.80 

90.38 

97.22 

105.00 


1841 
to  1848. 


28.35 

36.05 

45.20 

47.67 

52.56 

58.68 
63.28 

70.92 
77.02 

83.57 
89.61 

97.92 
105.00 


PUBLIC  HEALTH. 


225 


Fourth  Method. — By  ascertaining  the  average  age 
at  death.  Mr.  Chadwick,  in  a  recent  essay  on  Vital 
Statistics,  maintains  this  to  be  the  best  standard  for 
comparing  the  health  and  longevity  of  different  commu¬ 
nities.  Perhaps  of  all  methods  which  are  calculated  in 
reference  to  the  deaths  alone,  it  is  the  best,  but  it  is 
liable  to  fallacies  from  causes  which  are  peculiarly 
active  in  some  parts  of  the  United  States.  These 
causes  are  the  constant  tide  of  immigration  and  emi¬ 
gration  flowing  to  and  from  different  sections  of  the 
Union.  It  is  the  younger  portion  of  a  population 
always  which  emigrates  in  masses ;  it  is  evident,  there¬ 
fore,  that  if  a  large  number  of  such  persons  are  annu¬ 
ally  introduced  into  a  community,  subject  as  they  are, 
to  all  the  causes  of  sickness  incident  to  poverty,  change 
of  climate,  of  habits,  &c.,  a  large  number  must  die,  and 
die  young;  the  average  age  at  death,  therefore,  of  that 
population  calculated  from  the  deaths  alone,  would  be 
very  young.  If,  on  the  contrary,  a  large  number  of  a 
population  annually  leave  their  homes  in  search  of  oc¬ 
cupation,  wealth,  or  subsistence,  leaving  few  but  the 
aged  and  infirm  to  die ;  the  average  age  of  that  popula¬ 
tion,  calculated  from  the  deaths  alone,  would  be  very 
great.  This  mode  of  estimating  the  comparative  health 
of  a  population,  therefore,  is  only  applicable  to  settled 
communities,  where  neither  immigration  nor  emigration 
exist  to  any  extent. 

The  average  age  at  death  is  obtained  by  adding  the 
particular  ages  of  all  that  die  and  dividing  the  aggregate 
by  the  actual  number  of  deaths.  But  as  statements  of 
deaths  contain  only  the  number  that  die  between  speci¬ 
fied  ages,  an  average  may  be  obtained  by  multiplying 
the  number  that  die  by  the  medium  age  between  the 
two  periods.  Thus,  those  that  die  under  1  are  multi¬ 
plied  by  i,  those  dying  between  I  and  5  are  multiplied 


226 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


those  between  5  and  10  by  7J,  those  between 
10  and  20  by  15,  and  so  on.  The  product  of  each  is 
the  aggregate  number  of  years  of  life  which  each  class 
enjoyed,  and  this  number  divided  by  the  number  of 
deaths,  gives  the  average  age.  The  above  tables,  e,/,  g , 
pages  222,223, 224,  have  been  constructed  on  this  plan; 
the  lower  three  last  columns  indicate  the  average  age  at 
death.lt  will  be  perceived  that  the  average  age  at  death 
for  the  whole  population,  (table  e,)  was  30.59;  31.05; 
30.39;  for  the  white  population,  (table  /*,)  32.63;  32.65; 
33.41 ;  for  the  black  population,  (table g,)  28.66;  30.74; 
28.35;  respectively  in  the  three  periods;  shewing  a 
smaller  expectation  of  life  for  the  black  than  the  white 
population  at  birth.  This  disparity,  however,  speedily 
disappears,  and  at  the  age  of  1  year,  the  expectation 
of  life  in  the  two  races  becomes  nearly  equal,  being 
35.;  37.;  35.  for  the  whites,  36.;  37.;  36.  for  the 
blacks.  If  the  tables  be  now  compared  at  the  higher 
ages,  the  black  population  will  be  found  to  possess 
decided  advantages  over  the  white  in  respect  to  lon¬ 
gevity,  Thus,  at  50  years,  the  expectation  of  life 
amounts  to  16  years  for  the  whites,  but  20  years 
for  the  blacks;  at  80  years,  in  the  white  population, 
the  expectation  of  life  is  only  6  years,  in  the  black 
population  it  is  10  years.  The  expectation  of  life  is 
ascertained  for  any  particular  age  by  substracting  the 
age  from  the  average  age  at  death,  at  the  specified 
age.  Thus,  in  table  e,  of  the  whole  population,  the 
average  age  at  death,  at  80  years,  is  89.92,  in  the 
first  period ;  subtract  80.  from  89.22,  and  9.22  years 
will  be  the  expectation  of  life  at  this  age  for  the  whole 
population. 

For  the  purpose  of  comparison,  the  following  table 
has  been  constructed,  shewing  the  average  age  at  death 
for  the  cities  of  Charleston,  Boston,  New  York  and 


PUBLIC  HEALTH. 


227 


Philadelphia,  The  average  age  at  death  of  the  white 
and  black  population  has  been  calculated  seperately, 
for  all  ages ;  for  ages  under  20,  and  over  20 ;  the  same 
calculations  have  also  been  made  for  the  two  races 
taken  collectively. 


Charleston, 
1822  to  1830 


1831  to  1840 


1841  to  1848 


Boston, 

1821  to  1830 
1831  to  1840 
1841  to  1845 
New  York, 
1821  to  1830 
1831  to  1840 
1841  to  1843 
Philadelphia, 
1821  to  1830 
1831  to  1840 
1841  to  1844 


ERIOD. 

ALL  AGES. 

UNDER  20. 

OVER  20. 

Whites, 

Number. 

Average 

age. 

Number. 

Average 

rage. 

Number. 

Average 

age.' 

3,447 

32.63 

963 

4.62 

2,484 

43.55 

Blacks, 

4,076 

28.66 

1,950 

3.93 

2,126 

51.33 

Both, 

7,523 

30.59 

2,913 

4.16 

4,610 

47.28 

Whites, 

3,366 

32.65 

866 

5.14 

2,500 

43.26 

Blacks, 

4,297 

30.74 

1,957 

4.70 

2,340 

48.24 

Both, 

7,663 

31.05 

2,823 

4.88 

4,840 

45.11 

Whites, 

1,886 

33.41 

614 

3.68 

1,272 

47.74 

Blacks, 

2,847 

28.35 

1,416 

3.90 

1,431 

52.56 

Both, 

4,733 

30.39 

2,030 

3.83 

2,703 

50.29 

Both, 

10,731 

25.88 

4,913 

3.38 

5,817 

44.88 

16,314 

22.72 

8,565 

3.33 

7,749 

44.15 

10,422 

21.43 

5,875 

3.31 

4,547 

44.86 

c; 

42,817 

24.36 

20,108 

3.15 

22,709 

43.14 

u 

74,819 

19.46 

40,728 

2.95 

34,091 

39.18 

<; 

29,939 

19.69 

14.127 

2.86 

10,812 

41.68 

u 

36,614 

25.53 

17,794 

3.22 

19,820 

45.57 

U 

49,678 

22.64 

26,812 

2.91 

22,866 

45.78 

u 

21,356 

22.01 

12,088 

3.02 

9,268 

46.79 

In  the  above  table  it  will  be  seen  that  Charleston 


compares  favorably  with  the  other  cities  of  the  United 
States,  with  regard  to  the  average  age  at  death  of  her 
population.  Thus,  the  lowest  average  age  at  death  of 
the  whole  population  in  this  city,  gives  a  difference  of 
nearly  five  years  over  the  highest  of  the  Boston  and 
Philadelphia  tables,  of  six  years  over  the  highest  of  the 
New  York  tables,  30.39  being  the  lowest  average  age  at 
death  for  the  whole  population  in  Charleston ;  25.88 : 
25.53 :  and  24.36  the  highest  in  Boston,  Philadelphia 
and  New  York.  In  all  England,  the  average  age  at 
death  is  calculated  at  23.46  years,  and  in  London, 
which  claims  to  be  pre-eminently  healthy,  the  average 
duration  of  life  is  calculated  at  27  years.  If  the  expec¬ 
tation  of  life  among  the  white  population  in  Charleston 


228 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


alone  be  considered,  the  numbers  will  be  found  to  run 
still  higher,  thus,  32.63:  32.65:  and  33.41  were  the  aver- 
age  ages  at  death  of  the  white  population  in  the  three 
periods,  giving  an  expectancy  of  life  greater  here  by  five 
and  six  years  than  in  London.  If,  again,  the  average 
age  at  death  of  the  white  population  under  20,  be  com¬ 
pared  with  that  of  the  other  cities,  the  advantage  is  again 
decidedly  in  favor  of  this  city,  much  greater  in  the  two 
first  periods  than  in  the  last.  The  cause  of  this  has 
already  been  adverted  to.  In  examining  the  average 
age  at  death  tor  the  white  population  over  20  years,  the 
results  do  not  shew  so  favorably  for  Charleston;  the 
average  age  in  Charleston  for  the  two  first  periods  be¬ 
ing  lower  than  in  either  Boston  or  Philadelphia,  but 
higher  than  in  New  York;  for  the  last  period,  however, 
the  average  age  in  Charleston  exceeds  that  of  the  other 
three  cities.  The  average  age  at  death  of  the  black 
population  exceeds  that  of  all  the  cities  for  all  ages, 
for  the  ages  under  20,  and  for  the  ages  over  20,  being 
only  excelled  by  the  white  population  of  Charleston  in 
the  first  two  classes. 

Fifth  Method.  By  ascertaining  the  proportion 
which  the  number  that  died  bears  to  the  number 
of  the  livin g  at  each  specified  age.  This  is  con- 
sideied  by  the  best  authorities  the  most  correct 
standard  of  comparison,  and  the  only  sure  basis  for 
estimating  correctly  the  ratio  of  health  and  longe¬ 
vity.  In  the  tables  marked  G,  at  the  end  of  the 
chapter,  the  aggregate  number  of  deaths  of  each  year 
have  been  compared  with  the  numbers  of  the  popu¬ 
lation  living  for  that  year,  and  the  proportion  per  cent, 
determined.  At  pages  196-97,  the  mean  of  the  several 
periods  has  been  calculated.  It  is  important,  how¬ 
ever  that  the  number  of  those  dying  at  specified  ages 
should  be  compared  with  the  number  fifing  at  the 


PUBLIC  HEALTH. 


229 


same  ages,  and  with  this  view  the  following  tables 
have  been  constructed.  It  would  have  been  interest¬ 
ing  to  compare  the  white  with  the  black  population  for 
a  series  of  years,  but,  as  in  the  various  censuses,  the 
ages  oi  the  colored  population  have  been  taken  in  dif¬ 
ferent  classes  from  the  whites,  a  comparison  for  any 
year  but  the  present  impossible. 


230 


CENSUS  OP  CHARLESTON. 


The  first  three  columns  of  the  upper  part  of  this 
table  contains  the  number  of  whites  living  at  specified 
ages,  for  the  years  1830,  1840,  and  1 848,  as  determined 
by  the  enumerations  made  in  those  years.  The  three 
succeeding  columns,  contain  the  mean  deaths  of  the 
years  1830-31,  1840-41,  1847-8,  at  each  of  the  speci¬ 
fied  ages ;  the  corresponding  six  columns  of  the  lower 
part  of  the  table,  contain  the  per  centage  of  deaths 
among  the  whites  at  the  specified  ages.  The  7th  and 
8th  columns  of  the  upper  part  of  the  table,  and  the 
corresponding  columns  of  the  lower  part  of  the  table, 
contain,  the  former,  the  numbers  of  the  black  population 
living  in  1848,  and  the  mean  deaths  for  1847-8,  and  the 
latter  the  per  centage  of  deaths.  The  last  two  columns 
contain  the  numbers  of  the  whole  population  living  at 
specified  ages  in  1848,  the  mean  deaths  for  1847-8, 
and  the  per  centage  at  specified  ages  calculated  for  the 
aggregate  of  the  white  and  colored  population  for  the 
same  year. 

These  tables  shew  as  nearly  as  possible  the  liability 
to  death  of  the  different  classes  of  the  population.  It 
is  gratifying  to  perceive,  by  an  examination  of  these 
tables,  that  the  mortality  of  the  whites  at  all  ages,  up 
to  80,  has  been  a  steadily  decreasing  one.  On  com¬ 
paring  the  whites  and  the  blacks,  it  will  be  seen  that  for 
all  ages  between  5  and  60  years,  the  proportional  mor¬ 
tality  of  the  two  races  is  pretty  uniform.  Under  5  and 
over  60,  the  mortality  among  the  blacks  is  much  greater 
than  among  the  whites. 

For  the  purposes  of  comparison,  a  table  has  been 
arranged  shewing  the  mortality  of  Charleston  at  differ¬ 
ent  ages,  as  compared  with  other  communities.  This 
table  has  been  so  arranged  as  to  exhibit  /he  proportion 
of  deaths  to  the  living  at  specified  ages. 


PUBLIC  HEALTH. 


231 


PLACES. 


1 1  Whites 
%  Blacks, 
5  [Both, 
Boston, 
Lowell, 
Liverpool 
London, 
Surrey, 


NUMBER  OF  THE  LIVING. 


NUMBER  OF  THE  DEATHS. 


Whites 
Blacks, 
Both, 
Boston, 
Lowell, 
Liverpool 
London, 
Surrey, 


Under  15 

15  to  60 

Over  60 

Totals. 

UnderlS 

1 15  to  60 

lOver  60 1  Totals. 

C  4,625 

8,885 

677 

14,187 

78 

130 

53 

261 

{  4,151 

7,490 

623 

'  12,264 

132 

119 

69 

320 

f  8,777 

16,374 

1,300 

26,451 

210 

249 

122 

58 1 

35,442 

75,284 

3,640 

114,366 

1,253 

863 

224 

2,340 

6,595 

18,137 

397 

25,129 

192 

156 

15 

363 

72,110 

141,197 

9,321 

222,628 

4,443 

2,264 

827 

7,534 

576,449 

1,182,402 

112,567 

1,871,418 

20,902 

15,235 

!  9,325 

45,462 

80,952 

127,507 

16,875 

225,334 

1,745 

1,309 

1,197 

4,25 1 

In  each  100  living  there  died  in 

Of  all 

the  living  there  was  one 

death  in 

{  1-68 

1.46 

7.82 

1.82 

59.52 

68.49 

12.78 

54.94 

l  3.17 

1.58 

11.07 

2.60 

31.54 

63.28 

9.03 

38.46 

(  2.39 

1.52 

9.38 

2.19 

41. 

65.78 

10.66 

45.66 

3.53 

1.14 

6.15 

2.04 

28.88 

87.23 

16.25 

48.87 

2.91 

.86 

3.77 

1.44 

34.35 

116.26 

24.46 

69. 

6.16 

1.60 

8.87 

3.38 

16.23 

62.36 

11.27 

29.54 

3.62 

2.15 

1.28 

8.28 

2.42 

27.57 

77.61 

12.07 

41.16 

1.02 

7.09 

1.88  | 

46.391 

97.40 

14.091 

53-| 

health  and  longevity  of  Charleston,  as  compared  with 
Boston  and  Lowell  in  the  United  States,  London,  Li¬ 
verpool  and  Surrey  in  England,  it  exhibits,  in  a  very 
favorable  light,  the  health  of  this  city  among  the  white 
population  for  all  ages  under  15;  the  proportional  mor¬ 
tality  being  lower  at  this  age  than  either  Lowell  or 
Surrey,  the  former  accounted  the  healthiest  city  in  the 
United  States,  the  latter  the  healthiest  in  all  England. 
Among  the  black  population,  the  proportional  mortality 
is  higher  at  this  age  than  in  Lowell  or  Surrey,  but 
lower  than  in  the  other  cities  named.  In  the  whole 
population  under  15,  the  rate  of  mortality  is  lower 
than  in  any  other  city  named,  except  Surrey.  For 
the  ages  from  15  to  60,  however,  the  comparison 
is  by  no  means  favorable  to  Charleston,  the  proportional 
mortality  of  this  class  of  her  population,  both  white 
and  black,  being  higher  than  in  any  of  the  cities  named, 
except  Liverpool.  For  the  whole  population  above  60, 
the  proportional  mortality  is  higher  than  in  any  of  the 
other  cities.  In  the  white  population  above  60,  the  rate 
of  mortality  is  rather  lower  than  in  Liverpool  and  Lon¬ 
don,  but  higher  than  in  the  other  cities.  The  cause  of 
this  increased  mortality  in  the  higher  ages  is  a  question 

of  interest.  It  cannot  be  the  result  of  climate,  for  in 

30 


232 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


unhealthy  climates,  the  mortality  among  children  is 
always  greater  in  proportion  than  among  adults.  The 
source  of  the  greater  proportional  mortality  of  the 
middle  ages  must  therefore  be  sought  for  in  the  habits 
oi  the  people,  as  this  is  the  most  fruitful  cause  of  sick¬ 
ness  and  mortality  to  a  population,  the  effects  of  cli¬ 
mate  excepted. 

In  tables  e,  J]  g,  pages  222,  223,  224,  in  which  the 
average  age  at  death,  and  the  expectation  of  life  at  dif¬ 
ferent  ages,  was  calculated,  it  appeared  that  the  expec¬ 
tation  ol  life  in  the  black  population,  at  the  higher 
ages,  was  greater  than  among  the  whites.  It  appears, 
however,  by  the  tables,  page  231,  that  the  mortality 
o'  the  black  population  from  60  upwards,  is  greater  in 
proportion  to  the  numbers  living  above  that  age,  than 
among  the  whites.  The  discrepancy  in  these  tibles  is 
to  be  e.\plained  by  the  fact  that  a  few  blacks  reach  to  a 
very  advanced  age,  often  exceeding  a  century;  the  ad¬ 
dition  of  these  few  very  advanced  lives  is  sufficient  to 
increase  the  aggregate  of  years  of  life  enjoyed  by  all 
that  die  of  that  class,  to  so  great  a  degree,  as  to  give 
to  that  portion  of  our  population  a  longer  expectation 
ol  life  in  the  higher  ages,  than  the  whites. 

We  have  thus  endeavored  to  shew  as  plainly  as  pos¬ 
sible,  the  present  condition  of  the  city  in  regard  to  its 
state  of  health.  Nothing  has  been  withheld,  nothing 
«.  wilfully  misrepresented,  that  could  make  either  for  or 
against  us.  Regarding  it  as  more  important  that  the 
community  should  know  and  understand  their  true  state 
in  regard  to  health,  than  that  they  should  be  flattered 
into  a  vain  belief  that  this  city  is  the  healthiest  of 
the  universe.  That  some  gratifying  facts  have  been 
brought  to  light  is  true,  but  there  is  also  some  alloy  to 
this  gratification,  in  the  large  proportional  mortality  for 
ail  ages  above  thirty.  This  evil,  however,  is  one  de¬ 
pendant  upon  ourselves  and  our  habits,  and  not  upon 
our  climate,  and  may  therefore  be  removed.  To  know 
that  evil  exists,  is  the  first  step  towards  its  correction. 


Abstract  of  the  Causes  of  Death  in  Charleston ,  from  1822  to  1848,  inclusive.— Alphabetically  arranged. 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 


233 


m 

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Total 

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Causes  of  Death — Continued . 


234 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


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CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 

Cancer  Uteri,  - 
Chicken  Pox,  - 
Chi  Id-bed,  ... 

Chlorosis,  ... 

Cholera,  Asiatic 

“  infantum 

Morbus, 

Chorea,  - 
Colic, 

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Coup  de  Solid, 

Cramp,  - 

Croup,  .... 
Debility,  .... 
Dengue,  • 

“  Effects  of 

Diabetes,  ... 

Causes  of  Death — Continued . 
WHITES. 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH 


235 


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G 

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© 

© 

© 

<N 

© 

© 

© 

pH 

m 

<N 

m 

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° 

© 

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CN 

1830 

b- 

© 

00 

CO 

<n 

rH 

rH 

© 

© 

© 

CN 

rH 

© 

(N 

i> 

N 

(N 

° 

(N 

rH 

CN 

1829 

iO 

co  N  w 

rH 

CO 

<N 

rH 

© 

° 

© 

00 

(N 

© 

© 

© 

in 

© 

N 

G 

m 

© 

1828 

CO 

05 

rH 

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° 

© 

CO 

rH 

© 

© 

in 

rH 

© 

© 

© 

00 

rH 

r-s 

CO 

© 

uO 

rH 

© 

1827 

CO 

o 

cn 

o 

© 

GO 

m 

CO 

° 

© 

©  nt 

G 

© 

rH 

CO 

© 

© 

© 

® 

rH 

© 

1826 

00 

pH 

g 

© 

© 

<n 

cn 

© 

G 

© 

G 

© 

© 

tH 

pH 

© 

G 

© 

CO 

CN 

© 

1825 

© 

iO 

00 

O' 

© 

CO 

CO 

<N 

© 

© 

CO 

rH 

© 

© 

CO 

lO 

rH 

© 

N 

© 

CO 

(N 

© 

1824 

© 

CO 

CO 

o 

© 

o 

rH 

© 

© 

© 

rH 

© 

© 

© 

rH 

rH 

CN 

© 

CO 

© 

l- 

© 

1823 

* 

CO 

<n 

o 

© 

'cr1 

rH 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

G 

rH 

© 

00 

° 

rH 

w 

"© 

1822 

© 

GO 

pH 

o 

© 

iO 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

rH 

© 

© 

© 

CO 

© 

LO 

pH 

© 

CN 

© 

CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 

Diarrhoea,  -  -  - 

Dropsy,  -  -  - 

■  “  of  Chest.  -  - 

1  “  “  Head,  -  -  - 

!  Drowned,  -  -  - 

Dysentery, 

Dyspepsia,  •  -  - 

Elephantiasis,  -  - 

Empyema,  - 

Enteritis,  - 

Epilepsy,  -  -  - 

Erysipelas,  -  -  - 

Executed,  - 

« 

a 

c- 

J— 

© 

> 

© 

Gu 

I  “  Bilious,  -  *  * 

*  *  •  •  « 

<*.  ‘m— 

~  >  -H 

C3  »h  ^  CT 

p 

**  7*  O  ~~  r* 

©  03  c  t 

2  f  ^  ^ 

^  ^  N*  V*  >4 

Causes  of  Death — Continued , 
WHITES. 


236 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Total  !  ohooi 

1  W  ®  N  CO  i-h  CO  i— t  1 

1848 

j  IQI— lOOlCf-iOOOOOOOr^COOOi— trTGNj 

1847 

j  ”wOo^coc6oo6o©ocooiom| 

184b  -'oooioocr^ooooocoor-.o^^r^ 

1845 

|  r^'-<©©'TTOOOOOOOOCOOOOC^COTf 

1844 

£owrcr-1~"HOOOOOOC'*orHOO’"HrHl 

1843 

|  w|©©CC,tQOGOOOOOOOr- tQOQi— t  co  CO  1 

1842 

|  OOf-iQO'^OOOOOOOrti— i(MOOr-tCOCvlJ 

1841  ooooiocoooooooooooocoio^l 

rotal 

AjWWGOWOfflOOOWrtrHC.QOrHr-lffirj'QC 
lO  H  H  1>  CO  CO  ^ 

1840 

r-r  —  r-HC000C0C0©©©©©©©^©Or-lr-li0 

CO  i— < 

1839 

r  1  ©  ©  C3  ©  *0  CO  U  ■— >  <— >  r— 1  ©  ©  1— i  ©  ©  ©  1-H  (—1  ^  ] 
I-H  r— 1  CO  1 

— < 

1838 

rtrto^a>wooo©©o©TO©6o^^o5 

CO  lO 

CO 

1837 

|  MOOoW«CO©c6MO^©MC(MrPO 

1836 

j  C^©>©©^©©©©©CO©©r-.OOrHr^CC)CO 

1835 

j  OOO©C0W'T©O©o©OOC©OrHf-ia0 

1  CO 

1834 

MOH©(MriOOOCOOOrtiMOOO^i> 

1833  |  ©r-,r-<©GO-*©©©©©©©co©©©©TCco 

1832  |  ocoohwoooooomwooohocoI 

1831 

©cocoior-icoooooonwooscorH 

Total 

, 

OriOTO!NHWHr(rtOO©Hri«D^C5’dlol 
rH  1-t  IO  H  IO  M  it 

CO  1 

1830  -—'©I— i  to  co  f-i  r-i  o  f-H  i— <  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  i— lOriwo 

cc 

1829  1  oono^^oooooooHrtnMTjiHH 

-  -  '  -  .  .  pH  1 

1828  |  o^ooott^ooooooooo^^oo:| 

1827  | 

OCrlOi'TOWOOOOOOOOrHCCOOr-ll 

©  r— ( 

1826 

©©©©I— 'COO©©©©©©©©©  H- <r-H  r-i  1—1 

-  ..  .  p— H  I 

1825  | 

iO©©©©©©©©©©©©'©©i-H©©o©j 

*— 

OD 

M 

©©©©1-lOr-Hr-l©©©©©©©©!-!^©^ 

CO 

CO 

1823  |  ©©^©©c20000000000000^| 

1822  |  ©©wo^oDcooooooooooor^  ©"co  | 

CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 

Fever,  Intermittent, 

“  Puerperal, 

“  Remittent, 

“  Scarlet, 

“  Typhus, 

“  Worm, 

“  Yellow, 

Fistula  in  Ano, 

Fracture  of  Arm,  - 

Thigh, 

Head, 

“  Spine, 

Fungus  Hoematodes, 

Gastritis,  - 

Gastro-enteritis, 

Gout,  - 

Gravel,  - 

Hoemorrhage, 

Heart,  Disease  of 

Hepatitis,  ... 

CAUSES  OP  DEATH. 


237 


Causes  of  Death — Continued . 
WHITES. 


238 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON, 


Total 

n 

—8 

© 

rf 

© 

7-H 

r-H 

r-H 

r-H 

O 

10 

<—< 

r-H 

CO 

1—1 

© 

CO 

CM 

l-H 

© 

r-i  © 

© 

1848 

CO 

© 

r-H 

© 

© 

r-H 

— 

r—H 

OD 

OJ 

— 

Cv! 

r— 1 

© 

CM 

1> 

© 

© 

©  © 

© 

1847 

© 

© 

l-H 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

r-H 

© 

© 

CM 

© 

© 

©  © 

© 

1846 

l-H 

m  ■« 

O 

O 

© 

© 

© 

2123 

© 

(- 

© 

O 

© 

© 

© 

© 

©  © 

© 

1845 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

CM 

© 

© 

©  © 

© 

11841 
- - - 

© 

© 

r-H 

© 

© 

© 

O 

© 

© 

© 

rr 

t-H 

r-H 

© 

l-H 

© 

© 

©  © 

© 

© 

00 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

O 

© 

r-H 

© 

© 

r-H 

© 

© 

CM 

© 

© 

-  © 

© 

j 

1842  j 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

r-H 

H 

© 

© 

© 

r-H 

Pi 

© 

© 

©  © 

© 

i 

1841  | 

© 

© 

© 

© 

r-H 

© 

© 

© 

© 

r-H 

© 

c< 

© 

© 

CM 

CO 

r-H 

© 

rH  O 

© 

rotal 


co 


1840  j  OOr-iOOOOOtQOCSfOOO'OJOOOOO 


1839 


1838  j  w  r-H  o  o  ©  © 


Olcc~H  ooo^coooooo 

!>> 

-*V  O  W  ©  O  ©  O  © 


1837  '-‘Oooooooc^Oi-HOrH^wooooo 


1 836  j  <:'2©©©©o©©©©C'i©rHOCO©©©©© 
1835  r^r^—z 


©  ©  ©  ©  ©  i— <  © 


r-H  (N  — I  O  O  O  O 


1834 

©©1— 1©©0©© 

-HO(NOOr-H(MOOOOO 

t*H 

11833 
— - 

©©©©©©©O 

1O  ©  t'*  ©  r- 1  ©  *— •©©©©,© 

OOGOC'OOCDOCOOOOOGOOOG 


loot  ' 


OGOiOOOl— .  ooooo 


rotal 


1830 


aoooooooooiociooojccc'jooo© 

lO  CO  h 


©  o  o  ©  o  o’ 


O  lO 


©©©r-nr-H©©©©© 


1829  j  2!=>'~hc=>©©©©©oooo-ho?-hoooo 


1828  |  00c^©©©©ooooooooooooo 


1827  !  00r_l©©©©0(0fooooocoooooo 

- - ! 


1826  |  ©  ©  ©  ©  o  ooooooooor-io©©o© 

1  fN) 


1825  ©  ©  ©  © 


©OUJOCOOOOOOOOOO 


1824  I  ©©'-'©©©©oio©oooor-Hi>o©©oo 


_ ! _ co 

1823  !  ©©'-'©©ooo  o  o  co~©  o  of©-©"©  ©  ©  © 

t-H 


1822 


H 

H 

s 

Q 

h 

O 

co 

W 

■ji 

< 


00  © 


©0©©©CD©©©©i-Hi— I  r- 1©©©© 


CO 

3 

•  *5 

os 

K 

O 

J  § 

in  © 
cS  -~ 

a>  o 


©, 
I  o 

o 

o 


©, 

o 

in  ' 

c- 

o 


G 

o 

•  rH 
H— > 

a 

M  £ 

e  s 

O  3 

Sir 


„  * 
•*  »h 

.2.2  g, 

es  CO 

~  o 

'2  3  s 

3  aj 


,  r-*~» 

•  to 

CU 

(■ - . 

o  ~  3  CO  .2 

■e.  ^  oT  w  .2  :5  ;£  c  nS 

bjD  ©  SP  ~  5  5?  2  C> 


^  «-th  C3  ~f  .  ’*  ^ 

es  qj  aj  3  *c 

^GOCa.cLiLeLCLfl 


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g  >  §  §  •£  £  e 

Gc  *aea.y.-3G3 


_  3  O 
3  «.» 


Causes  of  Death — Continued. 
WHITES. 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 


239 


Total  t"^oioo^Hoo°c)0ooortriHT}.o 

“  r—l  1—1  1—1  GO  rH 

1848 

j  r-(r- l©r^TH(^0©GSJ©©©©C^0©©©©© 

1  -  r-( 

1847  00<=>©r-tC'*00r-l0000r-l0©t-G©0 

1  r"H  r-H 

1846 

'-'©©©j>©©Or-IO©©©©©©i-Hr-Hr-l© 

. _  r-H 

1846  j  ^ °o©TO©co©©©o©©r-ioo»o^oo 

1844  l— ’®ooo©r— 1©©©©!— iog^ojc^© 

1843  j  <^co©^ioo©©©©©©o<?j©©ioc'*©© 

1842  W©©©lO©©©i-H©©©©r-HOr-tQDi— 1©© 

1841 

[  ©0©©uO©aO©©©©©©(>f©©r-(rHr-(0 

J  r-H 

Total 

1  ©©Gi>--<©roO0*©r-l©a0r-<O©CMi>'<0r-< 

M""1  ^  T-H  r-H  r-H 

'  r-H 

1840 

|  C3  GV  ©  r— i  CO  ©  i — lOOOOOHOfocjsQp. i,— | 

1839 

|00000000-0000«0000«-„ 

1838  r^<^©o©©©©©©o©.-Htt)©o©©r-i© 

— - -  r-H 

1837 

r-i©©©Tt©©©©©0©i-H©0©©GNf©0 

OJ 

1836  ^Wo©©oooo©oooh©©cohh© 

r-H 

1835 

I  oooo^oooooooooooc^ooo 

r-H 

1834 

j  COOOGOOOOmOOOhOOOGOOOO 

1833 

j  ©©0©--l©t-©©©©©o©©©0ir^0© 

1832 

I  OOOOOOirjOOOr1OriO©0lOHHO 

r-H 

1831 

- 

I  C^©©©CQ©©©©©0©(?3^0©t>©r-,© 

•  r-H 

Total  j  ^®°w^©o©©(MowroQowr-it-©QD© 
l  1—1  cot^co  r-ir-H  on 

1830  CSi©©©'^©'?T'©©0©©r-HO©r-(OiO^_(0 

1829  r-|(NO©^©©©©r-.©o©^-i©©o©©©' 

r-H 

1828  '  Cr-|©©ro©^©©'-<©©©cvt©>©o}©o}o 

1  r— i 

1827 

Wr-ioo^oiooooorto^oocoorto 

1826 

©  rH  ©  lO  r- (©COOOOO«IO)©©©©©r- 1© 

1825  | 

OHOOOr- l©^©©©©<rO©C^r-HOC^©i— 1© 

1824  owooogcoooo^owihocoooo 

-  im 

1823  | 

^©©©r-H©^©©©©r-H©TjH©OrfH©C^© 

r-H  rH 

1822  ®00©”©^o©°°©©w©©^ooo 

•AUSES  OF  DEATH. 

Rheumatism, 

Scrofula,  . 

Scurvy,  ... 

Small  Pox,  . 

Sore  Throat, 

“  “  Membranous, 

Spasms, 

Spina  Befida, 

Spine,  Disease  of 

Splenitis, 

Sternum,  Caries  of 

Sudden  Death, 

Suffocation, 

Suicide, 

Swine  Pox, 

Syphilis, 

Teething, 

Tetanus,  ... 

Thrush, 

ITic  Doloureux, 

Causes  of  Death — Continued . 
WHITES. 


240 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON, 


Total 

©  CO 

© 

h 

CO 

o 

© 

© 

© 

rH 

© 

© 

CO 

1  § 

IS 

h 

CO 

j  © 
00 
00 

1^ 

1848 

o  o 

© 

r-H 

r-H 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

C4 

r-H 

l— H 

CO 

o 

CO 

1847 

|  T-H  O 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

00 
T— < 

o* 

© 

00 

rH 

Cl 

1846 

|  CO  CO 

© 

CO 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

CO 

CO 

>o 

04 

CO 

00 

no 

04 

1845 

j  «H  O 

© 

r-H 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

o 

ci 

rH 

ICO 

H 

lo> 

1844 

j  o  o 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

r-H 

© 

© 

© 

00 

s 

© 

loo 

00 

1  r-< 

1843 

|  r-i  o 

© 

CO 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

rH 

rH 

04 

cc 

H 

i-H 

c> 

1842 

I  o  © 

© 

r-H 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

° 

Ci 

2 

rH 

i© 

IS 

1841 

1  ©  © 

© 

CD 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

CO 

o 

04 

© 

1  Ci 

no 

\Cl 

Total 

|  i>  CO 

1 

■h 

UO 

© 

© 

© 

r-H 

© 

© 

© 

iQ 

Cl 

rH 

CO 

CO 

to 

CD 

CD 

CO 

|co 

1840 

1  1—1  © 

© 

CO 

© 

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© 

-p 

lO 

Cl 

CO 

LO 

Cl 

1839 

1  r— 1  © 

1 

© 

rH 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

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CO 

3 

rH 

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CO 

-T 

1838 

1  ©  1—1 

© 

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© 

© 

© 

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© 

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o 

WO 

£2 

Ci 

o 

1837 

CO  © 

o 

CO 

o 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

rH 

1- 

c* 

CO 

Is 

1836 

rH  o 

© 

o 

r-H 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

rH 

Ci 

8 

o 

rH 

is 

1835 

O  T-H 

© 

© 

o 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

O 

3 

Cl 

© 

1  r~ 

o 

CO 

1834 

©  © 

r-H 

© 

© 

© 

rH 

© 

© 

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rH 

rH 

o 

CO 

GO 

o 

CO 

1833 

©  © 

© 

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r-H 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

rH 

o 

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Cl 

o 

rH 

co 

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1832 

©  © 

CO 

© 

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© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

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© 

© 

no 

Cf 

1831 

CO  © 

r-H 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

£ 

00 

i'- 

0> 

Total 

CO  CO 

CO 

© 

CO 

© 

© 

© 

r-H 

© 

CO 

rH 

S 

£ 

© 

CO 

t- 

H 

H 

lW 

1830 

1—1  1— 1 

© 

© 

CO 

o 

© 

© 

© 

© 

r-H 

© 

° 

CO 

3 

© 

CO 

Ci 

II 

1829 

o 

© 

CO 

© 

© 

© 

r-H 

© 

©~ 

"©” 

° 

LO 

o 

CO 

CO 

s 

CO 

1828 

1—1  1— 1 

r-H 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

r-H 

© 

© 

00 

no 

CO 

© 

X 

CO 

1827 

©  r-H 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

*-■ 

c* 

CO 

CO 

© 

Cl 

X 

CO 

1826 

©  © 

© 

© 

© 

©  © 

© 

© 

CO 

© 

© 

rH 

rH 

CO 

© 

rH 

— H 

CO 

1825 

©  o 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

r-H 

© 

°  i 

CO 

no 

CO 

© 

CO 

W0 

CO 

1824 

©  O 

r-H 

r-H 

© 

©  © 

© 

© 

— 

© 

°  1 

rH 

CO 

© 

rH 

Cl 

CO 

© 

1823 

©  © 

r-H 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

CO 

© 

Ci 

H 

CO 

© 

Ci 

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CO 

1822 

©  © 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

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r-H 

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° 

f 

CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 

Trismus  Nascentium, 

Tumour, 

Ulcer, 

Unknown, 

Urethra,  Rupture  of 

“  Stricture  of 

Urinary  Fistula, 

Uterus,  Disease  of 

Vaccination, 

Violence, 

White  Swelling,  - 

Wounds, 

Specified  Causes, 

Non-Specified  Causes, 

|  Grand  Total,  - 

Causes  of  Death — Continued, 
BLACKS. 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 


241 


Total 

I  COrtOh^OHCOOOHCQ^OQi>WOCOH 

* W_Q0jN  rH  r— h 

1848 

j  W«05NOOOhOO6nOC)NOOOTOh 

1847  o^oor^woorHoooooor-Hc^oooio 

1846 

j  OC^J>^OOf-n^HOOOOOCOr-iC^OOO(b} 

1845 

I  — i-rfrt^iDOOOOOOOOOOtO^OOCOCQ 

1  .  i-H 

1844  OC<03rHOOOOOOOOO^W-.CNO^o 

1843  j  owTO^^ooooo^oc^iOrH^ooo^ 

1842 

1  r-iOiOCOOOOOOOOi— ir-HOOOOOOr-H 

rH  «-H 

1841 

|  r-i^uOTfOOOOOOOOr-MOrHOOOrHrH 

Total 

1  i— <TFCOTt<Tti©Or-i©.—  OJ-h  -iffiOODMO^N 

1  w  ©  (^  Oh 

1840 

|  r-tQDWiOOOOOOOOOCOCOOOiOOt^i-H' 

1839 

I  Wt-1-HiOOOOOOOrHOOCOOOOOOCNf 

1838  ^I'-’^WOOOOOr-lOOr^rtOOr-OCOO 

r-1  1— 1 

1837 

C<?CQO>OOOOOOOOHHC<>TtiOO'^Oi>i-i 

1836  -•^^‘OOOOOOOOOrMlOr^OOOrH-. 

1  ’— 1  1—1 

j  1835 

OO<r0C0r-»OO*-H©O©Orf<74»-H»-H©©C4rH 

rH 

1834  ©^rHCQrH©ooo©©ocir-<Tt<F-©©oco 

,—l  _  _  i-H 

1833 

orraoi-Hr-Hoooooi-ioaooJOcooocoo 

1832 

C^rJiOiCOOOwOOOOOOlrHOr— lOOCOCO 

1831 

r- •■'^OOTPH-tOOOwO'OO^fr—iOOi— lOOiiO 

(0? 

Total  j 

1^5?S0000rt00::5l0r,,c^OH«^ 

i-H  O  CO  1>  i-H  i>F-l 

0$ 

1830 

CO'^GOC^OOOOOOOOrfi— lOi— iO  O  Oj'N 

rH 

1829  | 

C^CO'^t-OOOOOOOOGDCOOrHOOiOr-) 

— 1  N 

|1828  | 

oocn!o^ooooooc5oocoooooooco 

rH  C\f 

1827  j 

^  ©  i>  ©  ©  ©  wO©©con©©©©coo 

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1823 

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242 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON 


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• 

CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 

Cancer  Uteri,  - 
Chicken  Pox, 

Child-bed, 

Chlorosis, 

ICholera,  Asiatic 

1  “  Infantum 

CO 

3 

h 

o 

s 

N» 

Chorea,  - 
Colic,  - 

Colitis,  - 
Constipation, 

Consumption,  - 
Convulsions, 

Coup  de  Solid,  ' 

Cramp,  - 

Croup,  .... 

■Debility,  - 

4 

•s 

<D 

3 

bC 

H 

<v 

Q 

©< 

o 

m 

- — a 

o 

sS 

w 

|  Diabetes,  -  -  -  | 

CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 


243 


Total 

(JL 

250 

53 

12 

22 

I  ©  Tf<  i— 1  rt  O  CO  CO  t-  1-H 
O)  Oi  r-H  i— 1  r-H  CO 

CO 

O)  r-H 

1848 

CO 

O)  Tf*  1 — 1  LO 
(M 

0 

3 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

5 

O) 

rH  © 

1847 

o 

O  ^  o  H 

o? 

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O) 

rH 

o  o 

1846 

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i— i  lO  i-h  CO 

00000)r-H©00^00 

o 

o  o 

1845 

o 

CO  o  o  ^ 

C4  rH 

r-HrHOOCOCOOOOCOi— lO) 

o 

rH  O 

1844 

rH 

b  H  o 

CO 

L00r-H©c00)000)0)0c0 

r-H 

O  i-H 

1843 

rH 

co  o  CO  CO 
CO  r— 1 

8 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

0 

12 

2 

5 

4 

i-H 

o  o 

1842 

o 

O  CO  lO  o 
CO 

CO  O  O  O  r#  rH  rH  ©  rH  CO  ©  © 

rH 

o  o 

1841 

rH 

^  O  rH 

CO  r-H 

7 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

0 

1 

2 

1 

9 

o 

o  o 

Total 

r-H 

357 

90 

21 

16 

^0  rH  rH  ©  l—  rjH  JO  ©>  l"  <©  CO  lO 
00  0)0?  © 

O) 

o  o 

rH 

1840 

1" 

©  CO  1—1  (Of 
CO 

i'HHOONOOHCCOO 

rH 

rH 

©  © 

1839 

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^  —1 

rO'OOOiOOOOQOiOO'-H 

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o 

o  o 

CD 

1838 

o 

O)  ©  ©  rH 
lO  r-H 

lOOOOOhhOOiOCO^ 

i — 1  rH 

rH 

o  o 

1837 

CO 

CO  CD  O)  o 
CO 

2 

0 

0 

0 

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1 

0 

0 

5 

6 

1 

6 

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1-H  © 

CO 

cr* 

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1836 

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1 

r-H 

©OOOOCOOOTfCOOTf 

rH  rH  rH 

o 

CO  o 

8 

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1835 

lO 

CO  r*  Tf 

CO 

f 

0 

8 

8 

0  1 

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8 

0 

0 

0 

0 

l 

o 

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o 

1834 

(M 

rH  d)  r#  LC 
t}< 

0)000^00?000^©hh 

i“H  rH 

o 

rH  O 

1 

U2 

L> 

HH 

1833 

0 

O  t-  (N  i— i 
CO 

2 

0 

0 

0 

0 

4 

0 

0: 

6 

4 

1 

7 

o 

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<  65 

1832 

o 

CO  rH  rH 

CO?  rH 

CCOOOOCOf-HOCONO^ 

rH 

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CO 

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M 

pq 

1831 

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(0)  — i  03  O) 
CO  1-H 

C<?OOOOLOrHOC<?OrHO 

rH 

o 

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V 

Total  |  ^ 

I 

433 

15 

5 

19 

0)1— !©©©0)r-H©TtlQ0O'^ 
CO  r-H  lO  CO 

o 

lO  r-H 

co 

CVv 

1830 

00  H  ^  o 

CC>  rH 

1 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

0 

11 

5 

0 

1 

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CO  r—l 

Co 

'sJ 

r-o 

1829 

* 

43 

4 

1 

1 

COOOOOOOOO^OLO 

r-H 

o 

o  o- 

« 

o 

1828 

VO 

GO  O  O  O) 
00 

1  5 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
0 
6 
0 
3 

CO  o 

1827 

lO 

lOOOO! 

LO 

6 

0 

0 

0 

0 

t' 

0 

0 

7 

0 

0 

r 

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CO  © 

) 

1826 

lO 

CO  ©  O'  lO 
lO 

COOOOOOOOOCOOO 

o 

CO  © 

1825  | 

o 

0)0  0  0? 
CO 

COHOOOooooocDOTft 

o 

iO  © 

1824  | 

CO 

t'-  O  O  I— 1 
CO 

^ooooooooaooi> 

o 

or© 

1823  | 

CO 

oo  o  o  O) 

COOOOOi— HO©©ir-©T^ 

_ _ _ _ r-H 

©“ 

CO  © 

1822 

t- 

0300^ 

lO 

Hooooooooo?©© 

i-H  O? 

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CO  © 

CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 

{Diarrhoea,  -  -  - 

Dropsy,  -  -  - 

“  of  Chest,  -  - 

“  “  Head,  -  - 

Drowned,  -  -  - 

Dysentery,  -  -  - 

Dyspepsia, 

Elephantiasis,  -  -  - 

Empyema,  -  -  - 

Enteritis,  ... 

Epilepsy,  -  -  - 

Erysipelas, 

Executed,  -  -  - 

Fever,  -  ... 

“  Bilious,  -  -  . 

“  Brain,  -  -  - 

“  Catarrhal, 

“  Congestive,  -  . 

“  Country,  -  -  - 

“  Inflammatory,  - 

Causes  of  Death — Continued . 

BLACKS. 


244 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Total 

I  0r-tc0003c0000000©i00  o'ofo  r-1  CD 

1  "'t  SO  CO  03  CO  03  (03 

1848 

|  O  ri  O  O  CO  03  O  O  ©  O  O  O  O  lO  CO  O  (©"rf  03  H 

1847 

j  wOC000030000000CBi— lOOOrtCO 

1846 

|  00003c0r^00000000000i0030 

1845 

j  000c0c0030000000l''c00003c0r— ( 

1844 

|  OOOO03OOOOOOOO--h»0OOt}Hi0O 

1843 

1  CDOOiO  —  iOOOOOOOOi-iQOOi-t03rJH03 

|™H  rH 

1842 

|  ooooco^oooooooo3codo^o3>-i 

1841 

j  O000c0l-0000000r-ir^0'-i03  03  0 

Total 

^o®aooHOOH0ob»oo  rTo  co~co 

W  *>  I— 1  03  r-M^ 

1840 

OrHOOCOCOOOOOOOOi—iOOOrHT^i— (‘ 

1839 

®  OOCOiOvjii— '000000030000000 

1838 

I— I000i003'!f000000i— 103000303  0" 

r*H  rH 

1837 

00000a00000r^00r^0000030 

1836 

O^OChiMOOOOCOOiOWOOOdBH 

1835 

000003i>r-.000000i-<^00i-<i00 

1834  | 

Owd0i>d0i-H0000003c00003’^>-H 

1833  |  OOOCOOOOOOOOOOCOOOO  Pn  o 

1832  |  OOOOiOOOOOOOOOOrH^Or-MrHrfO 

1831  j 

r-t00030000000000c0000'^o" 

Total  | 

I 

nooio^o3aooooooocoooop3oiMi 

^  ^3  CO 

1830  | 

1— lOOiOiOOr-MOOOOOOi— tiOOr- ICOOO 

1829  | 

ddooifo^Moooooooo3r-toi-toi-irH 

1828  | 

ooooHo3oooooooooo"o3dcoo 

1827  | 

rHooooioo3ooooooboor-(oioo 

1826  | 

oooouoaiobbbooobobob^r-.' 

1825  | 

^000  0  0000000000000^03 

1824  j 

. _ I 

OOOOOOIOOOOOOOOOOO  OiOO  ( 

1823  |  ®  o  o  o  oo  io  o  o  o  o  o  o  o  o  o  oo  o  os  o 

1822  j  ®ooocooooooooooooooo3o 

H 

H 

Q 

Pm 

Q 

m 

H 

◄ 


C5 

0) 


s- 

03 


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03 

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a  S3 

J-t  0) 
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3  0) 

Pm 


05 

<u  2 
T3  ^ 

ci 


•>  > 
C  S' 


•  •  co 

_T2  ^  *•  <D 

O  u  js  ©  a  « 

§  <1  H  ffi  02  S 

3  <5  v=-  8 

to 

1/3 


O  O  C! 

02  H  {£  >h  •«  a? 

tig. 


3  O 

v.  *j  is 

»  M  f3 

Pm  Pm 


03 

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•  >•  T-'  I_.  r  . 


o 

03 

03 

c3 

03 

03 


.Q  -3  _r 


bC  23 

3  03 

3  c3 
Pt-  O 


03  3 

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O  O 


,  <d  a_r 

r-  w 

a  £ 

«  03 

o  to 


w 

1.2 

2  c 
C_  J-, 

03  03 

to  to 


Causes  of  Death — Continued . 
BLACKS. 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 


245 


sq 


Total 

c,2!r,Cl0^®®rtHo®OHHooo®o) 

i-H  CO  r-H 

1848 

j  G'*r— <  ©>  © >  ©  ©  Ol  OJ  r— 1  ©  ©  r— tOOrHOOOr— |  © 

1847 

r—n  vj*  CD  CD  CD  lO  Cu ^  O  CD  r-H  CD  CD  •^D  CD  ^D  ^ 

1846 

|  O)  ©  ^  O  CO  ;  O  O  i—i  O  O  ©  O  ©  ©  Gv  © 

1845 

|  CQ  lO  ©  ©  ©  CQ  ©  1—1  ©  ©  ©  r-H  ©  !— H  ©  ©  ©  ©  (HQ 

1844 

|  ' — ^0©©©©©r— l©r— I©r-I©©l©©i©©— H© 

1843 

|  CO  O  w  O  w  O  O  ^  O  O  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  © 

1842 

|  ^©©©©©©CG)©©©©©©©©©©^,© 

1841 

<©  UO  r-H  ©)  CD  r-H  r-H  r-H  ©>  CD  CD  r"H  ©>  <©  ©>  CD  ©>  ©>  ©>  <© 

Total 

C^^©©05^Q0(HQOO^jl0©©c^©©©©(_^ 

1840 

©©©©©C^TOi— i©©©©©©©©©^,,— >  <— , 

1839 

©  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  CQ  ©  ©>  ©  ©  ©  ©  r_|  ©  ©  ^  ^ 

1838 

^  (>mJ  CD  i  lO  04  CO  CD  CD  CD  r-H  ^D  ©3  r©  <*© 

1837 

CQ  ©  ^  ©  ©  CO  CO  1"  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  © 

1836 

(^©©©©OJOJiq©©©©©©©©©©©^ 

1835 

NOOOOTfH^OOQOCOCOOOC >  © 

2834 

©13©©C^}i— ii^?C<C>©©t— 1— h©©©©©©©© 

1833 

©1>©©©©C0iO©©©©©©©©©©©© 

1832  | 

r_l  ©©©©t'-©j>©<©©©©©©©©©©© 

1831 

i-Hl^©©©©C^Tf©©©rH©©rH©©©©© 

Total 

i— lr-H©C0©lO'^— l©©rH©©©(J^r-l©©©© 

— 4  CO  H  lO 

1830 

i— •i“i'oOJ©©c^©©©r— i© >©©©©c >©©© 

1829 

©^©©©©1— ijfH©©©©©©©©©©©© 

1828 

r-ILO  ©©©©—.  ^©©©©©©©rn©©©© 
lO 

1827  | 

^OOHO©MHO©©rtOOrHOOOOO 

1826  | 

©l'-©©©Ttl©-^©©©(HQ©©©©©©©© 

1825 

C0G0©©©©C0G0©©©©©©©©©©©© 

1824 

* - 

©C2©©©©©CC©©©C0©©rH©©©O© 

1823 

©  ©  ©  ©  pH  CO  CO  ©  ©  ©  CQ  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  ©  © 

1822  1 

(NC©OO©C0WOOOmC©©OO©©© 

H 

< 

W 

Q 

O 

O 

co 

W 

IO 

3 

u 


rS 

,  £P 
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tUD  © 
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SCO 
§•30 
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BOSS  CO  — 

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hHMH  WM  C 

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rS 

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0) 


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CO  -4-J  '*— ) 

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»  U-H 

J  S 


Causes  of  Death — Continued. 
BLACKS. 


246 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON 


Total  ^C£Oror-<r-<OOi-il^©iOr-trooOi7}r-i©C^ 

I  Cy  CO  C*  CO  Ci  ***< 

_ ! _ OQ_ _ 

1848  I  w^o^ccoohcicioohcoo  ©  ©  © 
 ^ 


1847  Hoooortoooooocoort^Qooooo 


1846 


CO 


©©©I— l  I— !©©O©(?'i©Tti©©C0©r— l©©f— ( 
 CO 


1845  WCOOOOOOOOOiOOOhCOOOOh 


CO 


03 


1844 

CO©©r-H©W)©o©©©iO©©COiO©©©© 

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1842 

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1840  j  ^©©^©©©©©^©^©©©co©©©© 

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1833  '-•©©©©©©©©■^©ao©©cocO!©©©r-, 

1832 

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CQ 

1«31  |  ©^©©©0©©©t^©t-©0©CSfr-<r-<©© 

Total 


1830 


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CO  (Of 


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CQ 


1829  0©©r^©©00©©©©©©r-Hn-t©0©© 


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1828 


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Causes  of  Death — Continued . 
BLACKS. 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 


247 


Total  |  -^^<2°£;^00c'':)C>ro.-ior2or-i©'cvf^,:?ilC 

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1838 


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1  - - : - - -  r-H 

5  1831 

|0^^o®roooDooooooooo^CT- 

Total 

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103U  '-'r-^C3OOl0OC3OOOOr-(o"r-(OOOC«rH 

- -  , — 1 

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1828  J  <~>'^J,^ooc30i-*^oooooooooi>0'^ 

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1827  | 

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1826  J 

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CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


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1 

220 

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144 

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4153 

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°  1 

C5 

(75 

C5 

C5 

TP 

CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 

Tic  Doloureux, 

Trismus  Nascentium, 

1  umour, 

Ulcer, 

Unknown, 

Urethra,  Rupture  of 

“  Stricture  of 

Urinary  Fistula, 

Uterus,  Disease  of 

Vaccination, 

Violence,  - 

White  Swelling,  - 
Wounds, 

Specified  Causes, 

Causes  not  specified, 

Grand  Total,  ... 

CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 


249 


Abstract  of  Causes  of  Death  in  Charleston ~ 

WHITES. 

c 

- Classified . 

Number 

of  Deaths  in  the 

CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 

periods. 

In  each  100  there  were  in 

1822  to 

1831  to 

1841  to 

1822  to 

1831  to 

1841  to 

1830. 

1840. 

1848. 

1830. 

1840. 

1848. 

All  Causes, 

3,447 

3,366 

1,886 

Specified  Causes,  - 

3,418 

3,312 

1,862 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

i.  Zimotic  Diseases, 

1,151 

1.287 

407 

33.67 

38.89 

21.86 

Sporadic  Diseases. 

n.Of  Uncertain  or  General  Seat 

579 

399 

227 

16.95 

12.04 

12.14 

m.Of  the  Nervous  System, 

391 

374 

239 

11.44 

11.29 

12.84 

iv.Of  the  Organs  of  Respiration 

547 

523 

423 

16. 

15.79 

22.73 

v.Of  the  Organs  of  Circulation, 

8 

29 

37 

.23 

.87 

1.99 

vi.Of  the  Digestive  Organs, 

285 

320 

218 

8.34 

9.66 

11.71 

vn.Of  the  Urinary  Organs, 

9 

2 

4 

.26 

.06 

.22 

vm.Of  the  Organs  of  Generation, 

26 

31 

30 

.76 

.93 

1.62 

ix.Of  the  Organs  ofLocomotion 

17 

14 

13 

.49 

.42 

.70 

x.Ofthe  Integumentary  System 

8 

5 

5 

.23 

.15 

.27 

xi.Of  Old  Age, 

159 

137 

156 

4.66 

4.14 

8.38 

xii.Deaths  from  External  Causes, 

238 

191 

103 

6.97 

5.76 

5.54 

Totals. 

3,418 

3,312 

1,862 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

Cholera,  - 

10 

78 

1 

.28 

2.35 

.06 

“  Infantum, 

5 

31 

31 

.15 

.95 

1.67 

Thrush,  - 

8 

6 

4 

.23 

.18 

.22 

Croup,  - 

43 

29 

44 

1.26 

.88 

2.36 

Diarrhoea,  - 

46 

18 

18 

1.34 

.54 

.97 

Dysentery,  - 

45 

57 

23 

1.32 

1.73 

1.24 

Erysipelas,  - 

4 

5 

3 

.12 

.15 

.17 

Fever  Intermittent, 

6 

8 

30 

.17 

.25 

1.56 

“  Remittent, 

307 

200 

44 

8.98 

6.04 

2.37 

“  Typhus, 

52 

43 

25 

1.52 

1.29 

1.35 

“  Yellow, 

352 

579 

3 

10.29 

17.48 

.17 

Hooping  Cough,  -  - 

51 

23 

26 

1.49 

.69 

1.40 

Influenza,  - 

81 

89 

32 

2.37 

2.69 

1.71 

Measles,  ... 

18’ 

14 

13 

.54 

.42 

.69 

Scarlatina,  - 

87 

99 

103 

2.55 

2.99 

5.53 

Small  Pox,  - 

35 

8 

6 

1.03 

.26 

.33 

Syphilis, 

1 

0 

1 

.03 

.06 

Totals. 

1,151 

1,287 

407 

33.67 

38.89 

21.86 

11. 

Abscess,  - 

17 

13 

9 

.49 

.38 

.49 

Atrophy,  - 

4 

11 

10 

.11 

.36 

.53 

Cancer,  - 

21 

18 

16 

.61 

.54 

.85 

Debility,  - 

167 

77 

31 

4.8S 

2.32 

1.66 

Dropsy,  - 

174 

128 

73 

5.09 

3.86 

3.92 

Fever,  - 

6 

57 

9 

.18 

1.75 

.48 

Gout,  - 

6 

1 

2 

.18 

.03 

.10 

Haemorrhage,  - 

22 

15 

13 

.64 

.45 

.69 

Infantile  Diseases,  - 

131 

66 

54 

3.86 

1.96 

2.90 

Mortification,  - 

5 

5 

4 

.14 

.15 

.21 

Scrofula,  - 

11 

6 

4 

.33 

.18 

.21 

Sudden  Death, 

12 

0 

0 

.36 

Tumor,  ... 

3 

2 

•  2 

.08 

.06 

.10 

Totals. 

579 

399 

227 

16.95 

12.04 

12.14 

250 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Abstract  of  Causes  of  Death— Continued. 

WHITES. 

c 

CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 

Number  of  Deaths  in  the 
periods. 

In  each  100  there  were  in 

1822  to 
1830. 

1831  to 
1840. 

1841  to 
1848. 

1822  to 
1830. 

1831  to 
1840. 

1841  to 
1848. 

III. 

Apoplexy,  - 

Chorea,  - 

Cephalitis,  ... 

Convulsions,  - 

Delirium  Tremens, 

Epilepsy, 

Hydrocephalus, 

Insanity, 

Paralysis,  - 

Tetanus,  - 

Brain,  Diseases  of  - 

69 

1 

2 

199 

2 

6 

5 

18 

39 

3 

47 

67 

0 

14 

94 

27 

49 

16 

17 

27 

14 

49 

61 

0 

10 

56 

4 

3 

11 

14 

32 

17 

31 

2.02 

.03 

.06 

5.83 

.06 

.17 

.14 

.53 

1.15 

.08 

1.37 

2.02 

.42 

2.84 

.82 

1.48 

.48 

.51 

.82 

.42 

1.48 

3.29 

.54 

3. 

.21 

.16 

.59 

.75 

1.71 

.92 

1.67 

Totals, 

IV. 

Asthma,  - 

Bronchitis,  - 

Consumption, 

Hydrothorax, 

Laryngitis,  - 

Pleurisy,  - 

Pneumonia,  - 

Quinsy,  -  -  -  [of 

Organs  of  Respiration,  Diseases 

391 

9 

1 

490 

11 

0 

12 

23 

0 

1 

547 

0 

0 

8 

374 

8 

6 

431 

47 

0 

7 

17 

0 

7 

239 

6 

1 

340 

36 

1 

5 

23 

0 

11 

11.44 

.27 

.02 

14.34 

.32 

.35 

.68 

.02 

11.29 

.25 

.18 

13.01 

1.42 

.21 

.51 

.21 

12.84 

.33 

.05 

18.26 

1.93 

.06 

.27 

1.24 

.59 

Totals, 

V. 

Aneurism,  - 

Pericarditis,  -  [of 

Organs  of  Circulation,  Diseases 

523 

4 

0 

25 

423 

6 

4 

27 

16. 

.23 

15.79 

.11 

.76 

22.73 

.33 

.21 

1.45 

Totals, 

VI. 

Colic,  - 

Dyspepsia,  ... 

Enteritis,  ... 

Gastritis,  - 

Hernia,  - 

Peritonitis,  ... 

Teething,  ... 

Worms,  ... 

Organs  of  Digestion, Diseases  of 
Hepatitis,  - 

Jaundice,  - 

Liver,  Diseases  of  - 
Spleen,  Diseases  of 

8 

20 

10 

28 

1 

3 

0 

87 

41 

0 

70 

23 

0 

2 

29 

16 

8 

68 

27 

3|' 

7 

112 

19 

1 

48 

8 
3 
0 

320 

37 

11 

7 

49 

28 

3 

1 

81 

7 

2 

18 

9 

2 

0 

218 

.23 

.61 

.28 

.82 

.03 

.08 

2.54 

1.20 

2.04 

.68 

.06 

.87 

.48 

.25 

2.05 

.82 

.09 

.2l| 

3.38| 

.56 

.031 

1.45 

.25 

.09 

1.99 

.59 

.38 

2.63 

1.50 

.17 

.06 

4.35 

.38 

.10 

.97 

.48 

.10 

Totals, 

285 

8.34 

- 1— - 

9.66|  11.71 

CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 


251 


Abstract  of  Causes  of  Death— Continued, 


WHITES. 

C 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 

Number  of  Deaths  in  th( 
periods. 

In  each  100  there  were  i  n 

1822  to 
1830. 

;  1831  to 
1840. 

1841  to 
1848. 

1 

2 

0 

0 

1 

1822  to 
1830. 

1831  to 
1840. 

1841  to 
1848. 

vii. 

Diabetes,  ... 

Cystitis,  . 

Gravel,  . 

Nephritis,  . 

Urinary  Organs,  Diseases  of 

C 

4 

4 

1 

0 

C 

c 

1 

1 

0 

.11 

.11 

.04 

.0c 

.02 

.06 

.10 

.06 

Totals, 

VIII. 

Child  Birth,  ... 
Puerperal  Fever,  - 
Paranemia,  -  _  -  [of 

Organs  of  Generation,  Diseases 

9 

22 

1 

2 

1 

2 

21 

2 

2 

6 

4 

18 

2 

5 
5 

.26 

.64 

.03 

.06 

.03 

.06 

.63 

.06 

.06 

.18 

.22 

.97 

.11 

.27 

.27 

Totals, 

IX. 

Rheumatism,  ... 
Bones,  Diseases  of  - 
Hip,  “  - 

Spine,  “  «  _ 

26 

17 

0 

0 

0 

31 

10 

1 

1 

2 

30 

7 

0 

0 

6 

.76 

.49 

.93 

.32 

.02 

.02 

.06 

1.62 

.38 

.32 

Totals, 

X. 

Fistula,  _ 

Ulcer,  - 

Purpura,  ... 

Skin,  Diseases  of  - 

17 

1 

3 
0 

4 

14 

‘  0 
4 
0 
1 

13 

1 

0 

0 

4 

.49 

.03 

.09 

.11 

.42 

.12 

.03 

.70 

.05 

.22 

Totals, 

8 

5 

5 

.23 

.15 

.27 

XI. 

Old  Age,  . 

i5b 

137 

156 

4.66 

4.14 

8.38 

xn. 

Burns  and  Scalds,  - 
Drowned,  - 

Executed,  - 

Hydrophobia, 

Intemperance, 

Killed  Accidentally, 

“  by  Design,  - 

Poisoned,  . 

Suffocated,  - 

Suicide,  - 

Fracture,  - 

Wounds,  ... 

2 

46 

0 

2 

113 

42 

7 

2 

3 

18 

2 

1 

1 

40 

1 

0 

90 

30 

0 

1 

8 

11 

4 

5 

1 

29 

2 

1 

40 

16 

1 

1 

0 

10 

0 

2 

.06! 

1.34 

.06 

3.30 

1.24 

.20 

.06 

.09 

.53 

.06 

.03 

.02 

1.20 

.02 

2.72 
.90 
.02 
.02 
.25 
.36 1 
.12 
•  15| 

.06 

1.56 

.11 

.05 

2.15 

.86 

.05 

.05 

.54 

.11 

Totals, 

238 

191 

103 

6.97  j 

- 1 

5.76 

5.54 

XII. 

Causes  not  specified, 

29 

54| 

24 

252 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Abstract  of  Causes  of  Death— ’•Continued. 


BLACKS. 

D 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 

Number  of  Deaths  in  the 

periods. 

In  each  100  there  were  in 

1822  to 
1830. 

1831  to 
1840. 

1841  to 
1848. 

1822  to 
1830. 

1831  to 
1840. 

1841  to 
1848. 

All  Causes, 

4,076 

4,297 

2,847 

Specified  Causes, 

4,047 

4,153 

2,804 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

i.  Zymotic  Diseases, 

754 

1,027 

530 

18.66 

24.73 

'  18.90 

Sporadic  Diseases. 

u.Of  Uncertain  or  General  Seat 

971 

728 

399 

23.99 

17.54 

14.23 

m.Of  the  Nervous  System, 

598 

601 

545 

14.80 

14.45 

19.44 

iv.Of  the  Organs  of  Respiration 

751 

744 

574 

18.56 

17.92 

20.47 

v.Of  the  Organs  of  Circulation 

4 

11 

33 

.09 

.27 

1.18 

vi.Of  the  Digestive  Organs, 

370 

500 

356 

9.12 

12.04 

12.69 

vn.Of  the  Urinary  Organs, 

5 

4 

8 

.12 

.09 

.28 

vin.Of  the  Organs  of  Generation, 

42 

46 

37 

1.03 

1.11 

1.32 

ix.Of  the  Organs  of  Locomotion 

28 

20 

10 

.69 

.48 

.36 

x.Of  the  Integumentary  System 

11 

12 

5 

.27 

.29 

.18 

xi.Of  Old  Age, 

xu.Deaths  from  External  Causes, 

362 

340 

227 

8.94 

8.19 

8.09 

151 

120 

80 

3.73 

2.89 

2.86 

Totals,  - 

4,047 

4,153 

2,804 

100.00 

100.00 

100.00 

Cholera,  - 

8 

339 

5 

.20 

8.12 

.18 

Cholera  Infantum, 

1 

44 

45 

.02 

1.06 

1.60 

Croup,  - 

49 

39 

45 

1.22 

.94 

1.60 

Diarrhoea,  - 

41 

17 

8 

1.02 

.41 

.28 

Dysentery,  ... 

32 

34 

24 

.79 

.82 

.86 

Erysipelas,  - 

1 

3 

1 

.02 

.08 

.03 

Fever,  Intermittent, 

3 

2 

6 

.08 

.05 

.21 

“  Remittent,  - 

83 

82 

27 

2.05 

1.98 

.96 

“  Typhus, 

74 

79 

62 

1.83 

1.90 

2.22 

“  Yellow, 

8 

6 

0 

.20 

.14 

Hooping  Cough, 

131 

64 

62 

3.23 

1.54 

2.22 

Influenza,  - 

148 

153 

92 

3.66 

3.68 

3.28 

Measles,  - 

33 

31 

33 

.82 

.75 

1.18 

Scarlatina,  - 

35 

74 

54 

.87 

1.81 

1.92 

Small  Pox,  - 

67 

38 

49 

1.66 

.92 

1.75 

Syphilis,  - 

Thrush,  - 

2 

0 

2 

.05 

.07 

38 

22 

15 

.94 

.53 

.54 

Totals,  - 
ii. 

Abcess,  - 

754 

1,027 

530 

18.66 

24.73 

18.90 

18 

11 

6 

.45 

.26 

.22 

Atrophy,  ... 

8 

13 

29 

.20 

.32 

1.04 

Cancer,  - 

14 

17 

11 

.35 

.40 

.39 

Debility,  - 

143 

99 

50 

3.54 

2.35 

1.79 

Dropsy, 

433 

357 

250 

10.70 

8.60 

8.93 

Fever,  - 

14 

97 

16 

.35 

2.36 

.54 

Gout,  - 

0 

0 

0 

Haemorrhage, 

11 

15 

14 

.28 

.38 

.50 

Infantile  Diseases,  -  1 

275 1 

91 

4 

6.75 

2.20 

.14 

Mortification, 

8! 

4 

3 

.20 

.10 

.10 

Scrofula,  - 

25 

22| 

13 

.62 

.53 

.46 

Sudden  Death, 

16 

0 

1 

.40 

.04 

Tumor,  - 

6 

2 

2| 

.15 

.04 

.08 

Totals,  -  y  - 

971 

728 

399  j 

23.99 

17.54 

14.23 

CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 


253 


Abstract  of  Causes  of  Death— Continued. 

BLACKS. 

D 

Number  of  Deaths  in  the 

CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 

periods. 

In  each  100  there 

were  in 

1822  to 

1831  to 

1841  to 

1822  to 

1831  to 

1841  to 

1830. 

1840. 

1848. 

1830. 

1840. 

1848. 

III. 

Apoplexy, 

- 

76 

96 

80 

1.88 

2.31 

2.86 

Chorea, 

* 

0 

0 

0 

Cephalitis, 

- 

0 

6 

7 

.13 

.25 

Convulsions, 

- 

283 

136 

120 

6.99 

3.28 

4.28 

Delirium  Tremens, 

- 

0 

3 

2 

.07 

.08 

Epilepsy, 

- 

2 

24 

11 

.05 

.57 

.39 

Hydrocephalus, 

- 

5 

21 

12 

.13 

.50 

.43 

Insanity, 

- 

14 

18 

8 

.35 

.43 

.28 

Paralysis, 

- 

45 

74 

35 

1.12 

1.78 

1.25 

Tetanus, 

- 

157 

196 

254 

3.89 

4.71 

9.07 

Brain,  Diseases  of  - 

- 

16 

27 

16 

.39 

.67 

.55 

Totals,  - 

TV 

- 

598 

601 

545 

14.80 

14.45 

19.44 

IV. 

Asthma, 

* 

33 

34 

27 

.82 

.82 

.96 

Bronchitis, 

- 

0 

6 

9 

.14 

.32 

Consumption, 

• 

646 

537 

406 

15.96 

12.94 

14.48 

Hydrothorax, 

- 

15 

90 

53 

.37 

2.17 

1.88 

Laryngitis, 

- 

0 

0 

1 

.04 

Pleurisy, 

- 

36 

39 

20 

.89 

.95 

.71 

Pneumonia, 

- 

20 

32 

46 

.49 

.76 

1.64 

Quinsy, 

- 

1 

2 

2 

.03 

.04 

.08 

Organs  of  respiration, diseases  of 

0 

4 

10 

.10 

.36 

Totals.  - 

m 

751 

744 

574 

18.56 

17.92 

20.47 

V. 

Aneurism, 

- 

0 

1 

3 

.02 

.09 

Pericarditis, 

- 

0 

0 

1 

.04 

Organs  of  circulation, diseases  of 

4 

10 

29 

.09 

.25 

1.05 

Totals.  - 

-  - 

4 

11 

33 

.09 

.27 

1.18 

VI. 

Colic,  - 

- 

29 

21 

16 

.71 

.51 

.55 

Dyspepsia, 

- 

1 

1 

4 

.03 

.02 

.14 

Enteritis, 

•0 

6 

52 

54 

.15 

1.25 

1.93 

Gastritis, 

- 

3 

17 

25 

.08 

.  .42 

.89 

Hernia, 

- 

4 

3 

8 

.09 

.07 

.29 

Peritonitis, 

- 

0 

2 

3 

.04 

.10 

Teething, 

- 

156 

259 

177 

3.85 

6.25 

6.32 

Worms, 

• 

122 

95 

36 

3.01 

2.27 

1.28 

Organs  of  Digestion,  diseases  of 

0 

1 

5 

.02 

.19 

Hepatitis, 

a* 

39 

43 

21 

.96 

1.04 

.75 

Jaundice, 

- 

9 

5 

6 

.21 

.13 

.21 

Liver,  Diseases  of  - 

«* 

J 

0 

0 

.03 

Spleen,  Diseases  of 

• 

0 

1 

1 

.02 

.04 

Totals.  - 

- 

370 

500 

356 

9.12 

12.04 

12.69 

254 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


Abstract  of  Causes  of  Death — Continued. 


BLACKS. 

D 


CAUSES  OF  DEATH. 


VII. 


Diabetes,  _ 

Cystitis,  - 

Gravel,  - 

Nephritis,  - 

Urinary  Organs,  Diseases  of 


Totals, 

VIII. 

Child  Birth,  - 
Puerperal  Fever, 
Paranemia, 


Totals, 


IX. 


Rheumatism, 
Bones,  Diseases  of 
Hip, 

Spine,  “ 


Totals, 


x. 


Fistula, 

Ulcer, 

Purpura, 

Skin,  Diseases  of 


Totals, 


Of  Old  Age, 


XI. 


XII. 

Burns  and  Scalds, 
Drowned, 
Executed, 
Fractures, 
Hydrophobia, 
Intemperance, 
Killed  accidentally, 
“  by  design, 
Poisoned, 
Suffocated, 

Suicide, 

Wounds, 


Totals, 


XIII. 

Causes  not  Specified, 


Number  of  Deaths  in  th 

3 

periods. 

In  each 

100  there  were  in 

1822  to 

1831  to 

1841  to 

1822  to 

1831  to 

1841  to 

1830. 

1840. 

1848. 

1830. 

1840. 

1848. 

c 

c 

c 

c 

1 

2 

.02 

1  .10 

l 

1 

2 

.15 

1  .02 

l  .08 

c 

c 

C 

c 

2 

3 

.01 

)  .10 

5 

4 

8 

.12 

.01 

.28 

41 

36 

22 

1.0C 

.82 

.81 

0 

5 

1 

.1  ‘2 

.04 

1 

3 

2 

.03 

.06 

.07 

)f  0 

2 

12 

.04 

.40 

42 

46 

37 

1.03 

1.11 

1.32 

28 

9 

7 

.69 

.21 

.27 

0 

0 

0 

0 

2 

0 

.06 

0 

9 

3 

.21 

.09 

28 

20 

10 

.69 

.48 

.36 

0 

1 

0 

.02 

7 

6 

3 

.16 

.15 

.11 

1 

2 

0 

.03 

.05 

3 

3 

2 

.08 

.07 

.07 

11 

12 

5 

.27 

.29 

.18 

362 

340 

227 

8.94 

8.19 

8.09 

2 

8 

7 

.05 

.28 

.24 

19 

16 

22 

.47 

.39 

.80 

0 

0 

0 

0 

1 

0 

.02 

3 

0 

0 

.08 

51 

42 

15 

1.26 

1.02 

.53 

61 

44 

31 

1.50 

1.06 

1.10 

6 

1 

1 

.15 

.02 

.04 

0 

1 

2 

.02 

.07 

2 

1 

0 

.05 

.02 

7 

1 

ll 

.17 

.02 

.04 

0 

5 

1 

.04 

.04 

151 

120 

80 

3.73 

2.89 

2.86 

29 

144 

43 

DEATHS  IN  THE  DIFFERENT  MONTHS. 


255 


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, 07614, 076|7, 523 


Deaths  in  the  Different  Months — continued . 


256 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON 


! 

m 

W 

o 

< 

n 

PQ 

Grand 

Total. 

733 

560 

542 

692 

664 

1,172 

630 

1,209 

856 

605 

|7,663J 

Both  | 

;  Sexes | 

455 

310 

306 

384 

363 

853 

356 

500 

422 

348 

[4,297' 

i  Each 

i  Sex. 

oor~rio>co©oococot~a50ocor'*cor~*or~!-« 

rtcoco^cor'iOtMt'OO^rHoot't'OKNait'r' 

Cl  Ct  l“ 1  I— lr— 1  i— 1  r— 1  Cq  r— 1  rH  -3*  ^  f— (  r— 1  Cq  Cq  Cq  r— I  rH  rH 

CO  TF 

VO  HF 

1— T  1— 1 

of  of 

r- 

© 

cq 

rf 

Dec. 

rH  rH  l— «  Cq  •— It— 1  rt  (M  (M  r- ti— 1  Cq  i— II— 1  rH  >— 1 

*H  Ot)  1 

CM  CO 

rH  r-H 

© 

© 

cq 

Nov. 

(NiOrHCOOHC'ir.Tjt'OcoooQ^coooo 

rH  r— 1<— li- lr- 1  Cq  r- 1  r— (i— (!— 1  OT  (M  r- It— 1  i — 1  i— 1  r— 1  r— I  | 

CO  CO 

cq  © 

rH  r— 1 

© 

oo 

cq 

Oct. 

Moooi^(n»OTji^odooio.(M(N(Ma)ai(noocoio 

rHrHrHrHrHi— irHrH  H  00  Ol  H  1 — 1  rH  r- 1  CO  l- 1  l— 1  i— 1 

230 

235 

vO 

© 

TF 

Sept. 

cotDfoAiocooC'ioocococooco'foqrrioioiOj 

H  d  H  r-t  ri  H  r-(  (N  *0  COr— tr-HCOMrHr— lr— <r— < 

r— <  rH 

co  cq 

03  03 

cq  cq 

CO  00 

cq  -I 
cq  cq 

00 

oo 

vO 

rH 

Aug. 

COCO©'©©©cq©CqcOrHCqaOlT-vOrH©cqr'-vO 

(NMrlHHrHUOl^HMOTrtHnCONOlHH 

July 

tHrHo:omoor'Coi'r"trHiDicicoior'r-i(M'i< 

(M  Ct  1- In 1  r-l  rtdHHCOMCOOt^O^rtOqOlr-l 

vn  oo 

CO  03 

Cq  rH 

CO 

CO 

tF 

Juno 

HciirH(Moor-i--ir'aiini<cDoc(5(McoGOr-ioo»o 

195 

205 

© 

© 

tF 

May 

ooe^cqoit'incqoaMoaiiCL-'ajaioocor'iji© 

rH  Cq  rH  rH (  i — 1  H  (S  i— (rli— lr— It— |r— It— lr— li— 1 

142 

144 

© 

GO 

cq 

April 

QOO0(MCOiO^COOOOC5O)l^6cOCOiOt'Oir* 

▼H  rH  iH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  r— \  r-H  r-H  i— l  r— 1  I— 1  rH 

124 

129 

CO 

VO 

cq 

March 

ajoot'OjaiooiocoococtriommoooiOmM 

i— li— 1  i— It— 1  r- 1  M  r- 1  Ct  i- 1  Cq  i~ lr- li— 1— <i— li— !•— 1 

149 

139 

oo 

oo 

cq 

Feb. 

acooocDOicoHc^oiC'icoHt-CDaiOO^^Go 
»H  rH  rH  rH  CM  t — 1  rH  rH  rH  rH  tH  rH  CO  rH  tH 

(  '  CO 

o  cq 

rH  rH 

co 

00 

cq 

Jan. 

OiOO^COCOOi^OOOCMQOOOl^^CDt^^fOCOCO 
CM  rH  CM  rH  tH  CM  H  CM  tH  rH  rH  CM  *H  tH  rH 

»o  co 
vo  o 

rH  rH 

£ 

00 

m 

w 

HH 

i 

Both 

Sexes 

278 

250 

236 

308 

301 

319 

!  274 

709 

434 

; 

257 

3,366 

Each 
Sex.  : 

HTfcqooiOHtMCDaiffjcoM^^ii-iOor'r'Ti'M 

t0i-i-^O'^C3Cirt00H0)(?lt'O'O>QO(MC0r' 

r— 1  1— 1  1 — It— lr— 1  rH  r— It— It— It— 1  H  t— 1  i — 1  IQ  r- 1  CO  r- It— > 

cq  rf! 
cq 

Cq  rH 
Cf  r-T 

© 

© 

CO 

CO 

Dec. 

CirHOa^CDCOCOGOOOOt^VnOOrHrHCOTft-OO 

rH  rH  rH  tH  rH  rH  rH  rH  r-H 

CO  TT 

r-»  £- 

r— ^ 

© 

© 

rH 

Nov. 

©OOrHr-vO£-©cq©r- i<MOt~OC£>C5T-!io<©Tti 

rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  CM  rH  CM  rH  rH  rH  rH 

- - 

1681 

831 

rH 

vO 

cq 

Oct. 

r-rHCOTH©cqcq©£-©©CO©vO©Jt-vO©iOOO 

HHHiHHHMHHHCOHHHHHoI 

T— 1 

306 

122 

oo 

cq 

Hf 

Sept: 

o(o>ocq>o(MOit'Coaaaicooo©o©cooo5 

rH  T-HrHrHr- 1  CO  t— 1  Tf  t— 1  CO  CO  (M  ©  "^t1  Hjl  i — |  CO 

rH 

cq  oo 
vo  t- 

Ttl  rH 

4451630' 

Aug. 

O^OCOOOT^CMOOT^COCJOcMCMCMCOOOt-fMCOT^t^ 
^  tH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  CM  O  CM  I>  CM  CM 

rH 

VO  © 
rH  CO 
CO  rH 

July 

cq  00  00  ’ — iCDCOt'COCOQrJioJOtHO^t't't'OiO 

C^T-l  HH  t-H  Cq  r— 1  i— IrHCq  IQ  r- 1  Ot 

rH  tF 
i — 1  03 

cq 

vO 

© 

CO 

June 

t^t'cqrjiTtt'CorticOi— imoocDMt'cowco^m 

rHrHrH  HHHHHHHH  Cq  r- 1  H 

r-  © 
co  © 

t— 1  rH 

1  CO 

1  cq 

May 

©HvO£-©©vOOOCOaOTFTfCOCOlOCOd3Cqi>00 

r~*  t-H  t— 1  rH 

©  00 
00  © 

tr¬ 

io 

rH 

April 

COmNCDCOOHQHt'OOCOCOQOOOMOCOOCDt' 

T—l  t— 1  i-H  rH  rH  t— 1  t— 1 

[VO  VO 
©  t- 

© 

L" 

rH 

March 

©©rHcocqco©rrcqr-©cqQocot-©cqcocqco 

^'H  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH 

©  © 
cq  tji 

© 

© 

rH 

Feb. 

rHCOGOGOrHTfiJt'»C'qOi005iO£'.GOcOGO*OTfCOiO 

rH  T— 1  H  H  T— 1  t-H  r-i 

t-  cq 
©  © 

© 

vO 

i — l 

Jan. 

TtKjlOiQHbHCCiCOHOCOI'tDCDiO^cqHiO 

rH  rH  ^  ^  HHH  ^  rH  CM  rH  rH 

©  00 
00  00 

© 

rH 

cq 

tJ 

,  & 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

Females,! 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

Females 

-H 

O 

H 

•Xi 

(h 

C3 

»H 

o 

lYears 

1831 

1832 

1833 

1834 

1835 

1836 

1837 

1838 

1839 

1840 

r— H 

$ 

O 

_ 

Deaths  in  the  Different  Months — Continued . 


DEATHS  IN  THE  DIFFERENT  MONTHS. 


Kl 


T3  • 

S 

CO  -4-j 

^  O 

OH 


r* 

o 

CO 

o 

GO 

CO 

JO 

05 

JO 

t- 

o 

r— ♦ 

>o 

XO 

CO 

»o 

JO 

CO 

JO 

CO 

5Q 

X 

O 

<! 

PQ 


jH  m 
£3  o 
O  X 


JO 

o 

CO 

JO 

•H 

C5 

o 

r— i 

CO 

JO 

00 

CO 

CM 

■H 

CO 

i-H 

co 

CO 

CO 

co 

CO 

co 

CO 

00 

CO 

t- 


•d  J 
«  X 

c3  O 

W 


OOt'Mt'CDMOl  CO  i-ioTV-  00  (M  rn  "O 
cot-oococoTf<r^a5JOir~GOcojoi>cojo 

rHi-Hi-HrHClClrHi-H.— irHi— if-HrHrHrHi— I 


CO  —i 

rH  CO 


i> 

00 

2» 


t" 

GO 


Dec. 

Mi-i^fhoO^COCOOOIXMJOOOjOCO 

rH  I — 1  i — 1  H  H  Cl  r-<  i— I  i— 1  r-( 

JO  05 
05  05 

05 

r-H 

Nov. 

i  Hi?irtiocoTfHOOrtmrtr.ocoo 

r-H  r— (  HH  t-H  r-H  i-H  r-H  r-H  r-H  r-H  i-H  r-H  i^H  r-H 

JO  JO 
05  00 

o 

00 

r-H 

Oct. 

^JOOOiCOCO^O)'«OCOCOvOM>^l 

rH  r-H  (M  CM  CO  r-H  r— 1  r-H  r-H  i-H  r-H  rH  i-H  r-H  r-H 

137 

140 

t- 

t- 

fM 

Sept. 

^COTfCOMQOOOCD^C^OiHr'ior't' 

r- 1  H  H  H  Cl  f- 1  i— (I— <  rH  rH  i— 1  r- 1  r— (  i— t 

I - ■ - 

126 

114 

O 

H 

CM 

Aug. 

o6oococojocoococoiodjt'ffir'co 

r(Hr((M(M(MOC<r-IHHHH  r-( 

135 

143 

278 

July 

r*co^>oco^o)^o(xr'jooo30jjo 

<0C|  i— f  i— •  i— 1 1  r-H  d  i— •  i—l  «— (  ^—i  t— (  ^-4  r~ 1 

CM  CM 
r— 1  CO 

r-H  »-H 

276244 

June 

<-h  i-h 1  0510  ri  CO  O)  F- lOt'iOCOt'^COCO 

CO  CO 

H  CO 

r-H  »-H 

May 

^^O»H(MCMC0(MC>C0C0C}d}<MI>r^ 

H  H  Cl  (M  Cl  (M  H  H  r-H  r-H  r-H  i-H 

132 

123 

255 

April 

05  CM  CO  i— 'rHuOCU'COCiCOl'iOTf 

i— 1  i— t 

119 

111 

o 

CO 

CM 

March 

OOCOCOOOiflt'Oi'HfflOOCIMOi 

CMi-Hi-Hi-Hi-HCMi— ICMrHrHrHi-HrHrHrHrH 

124 

123 

t- 

H 

Cl 

Feb. 

t-OJCOOCTlOrHOJO^O^^H^H 

rH 1  1  < — 1  H  H  H  r-H  i— (  i-H  i-H  l— i  r— 1  •— • 

CO  CO 

C5  O 

CO 

05 

Jan. 

r-HcococooaicocococMi>j^OiOibit> 

fH  CM  r-H  CM  «-H  r-H  CQ  r-H  r-H  r-H  CM  rH 

JO  JO 

O  CM 

rH  rH 

o 

CO 

Cl 

Both 

Sexes. 

259 

200 

214 

188 

246 

258 

218 

303 

CO 

00 

00 

rH 

Each 

Sex. 

riooooHcoaifficcir"<jTfTjH'^i-ic} 

booiMaicoooot'HCTTi<rtrtoco^ 

rH  rH  rH  f— t  HHrtrHrlHlHH 

05  r- 

CO  rH 

O  GO 

rH 

CO 

CO 

00 

Dec. 

GOCOOOrHCDOOCOCWOHC5iOO0 

*—*  r-H  r—t  r-H  r-H  r-H  r-H 

H  CO 

00  1" 

“F 

JO 

Nov. 

COiOf'COOt'rHt'l>0oCOO3M^ic6 

r— 1  r- 1  r-H  r-H  r-H  i-H  r-H  r-H  r-H 

F  00 

05  L~ 

Cl 

ir- 

iH 

Oct. 

dooo^'rjioor'jocioioaMHoococo 

1—1  <-H  i— 1  i-H  r— 4  r-H 

O  F 

o  jo 

r-H 

r~ 

JO 

Sept. 

CMH05C5-<MOC'*t'’lr-01t',rHrHOOGOO 

r-Hl—tr— (  t-H  i— 1  l-H  i-H  r—t  r-H  r-H 

CO  r-H 

Ci  CO 

H 

t- 

rH  • 

Tf 

CO 

Aug. 

ra03GCOHOit~CDHCOH(MOOt'COCO 

I-H  i — 1  rH  rH  r-H  rH  rnr-H 

05  JO 

00  Jr- 

July 

COtXMMQ^COCOOiaKM^iOOOaiCD 

CM  r-H  rH  r-H  r-H  r-H  rH  r-H 

I—  rjt 

O  t- 

rH 

l-H 

00 

June 

OC005C505CNr'-C0-ri<00C0  00  00'-H-rtd5 

CM  r-H  HH  HHH  t-H  i-H 

H  CO 

O  00 

t-H 

t~"co^ 
CO  CO 

o' 

05 

t-H 

~o 

CO 

t-H 

May 

JoococojocoiOJOcoi>aooJOJOOTj< 

,—!  t-H  t-H  r-H  r-H 

April 

Q5CMO05C5J0OHC0Ir-05  00  C0CMCMJ0 

r~ 1  rH  r-H  i-H  H  H 

rH  cq  • 

00  CO 

'co 

rH 

March 

cot't'(Ncot'QOrioo»ot'mcoTfcoco 

r-H  rH 

r-H  CO 

00 

05 

Cl 

rH 

Feb. 

COmoOOOHCOMXjOOCOt'OiOJOO" 

1—1  rH  rH  r-H  r-H  I-H 

JO  CO 

00  JO 

00 

T-H 

r-H 

Jan. 

05r— ioOJOCO^COt'OJOO'^Ht'JO’11 

r-H  t-H  t — 1  r-H  r-H  r-H 

— * — —  - _  ..  . .  . 

I' 

00  CO 

r-H 

o 

r-H 

X 

Q 

m 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

F  emales,: 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

Females. 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

Females, 

Grand  Total, 

Years 

1841 

1842 

1843 

1844 

1845 

1846 

1847 

1848 

Total 

257 


858 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


O 

C/5 

-*■«* 

o 

s 


00 

00 


o 

S-s 

ci 

00 


o 

CO 

5o 

cr 

Ho 

rH 

r- 

V. 

!§> 

*53 


«o 

■-cs 

a 

cd 

C5 

HS 


o 

a 

H«* 

co 

r-O 


■■"T*  1 

GJrand 

fotal. 

925 

814 

1,059 

840 

764 

803 

793 

762 

763 

1 

Cl  | 

»o  1 

#H  I 

It*  1 

*3  ,d  tn 

b  o  s 

g  «$ 

499 

465 

427 

,  487 

453 

421 

435 

455 

434 

co  I 

r>  1 

°  1 

rf  | 

r* 

§  X 
Wcc 

COCOxOOdxCOCOTft-COCOxOdCOxooO^xQ 

jn  r«  ^ i  in  Cl  O  ^3  M  H  CO  i- 1  O  d  rH  O  XO  02 

CM  Cl  CM  CM  d  Cl  d  Cl  Cl  Cl  03  CM  Cl  <01  CM  Cl  -1  Cl 

12,002 

>2,074 

CO  1 

1'  1 

o  I 

rf  I 

£  o 

>  o 

o  ^ 

^HOHiOCtTji(NnOOOHO(N(NCN 

02  y-J  1 

<M  1 

xo  I 
co  1 

2  o 

£>S 

COdrHCO'nf,d''Oddr1<CCC002''ct,xOCi>dd 

rH 

d  CO 

*6J 
*o  I 

So 

1^00  (X1«-c)'t1<C0C0iOC0h00»O>OO(N1''05 

co  o 

CO  00 

CO  I 

rH  | 

4  So 

J  JS00 

I>b  cb>OQOOOJH(MO'<#CO^t'OCOHCj 

*■  ^  ^  t  j  ^  ^  ^  ^  ^  f— H  f  |H  rH  tH  fH 

rH  I'* 

02  Cl 

r-H 

CM 

t~ 

xO 

Cl 

<J  "h 
-3  ©  t~ 

TfOiHOiHOCDHeiosCT^'O'OWcocoo 

HHHHHHHlNHrtHrtHH  rH  CM 

CM  xO 

O  xO 

rX  rH 

1 

50  to  1 

60 

COHdCOHfd'Ortt'OlHt'lDQiON'UJ 

HCJHCtH  (MHHCtHHHHHOlHH 

o  r- 

Tf  CO 

rH  rH 

1' 

o  I 

CO  1 

So 

0*0 

lOOCtCO^OCXNtNOJCOUCOiQCOgaN 

CO  CO 

L"  CO 

rH  rH 

02 

CO 

CO 

So 

o  H< 

OOCOOiOOt'HCOOiCl'OOQOOJKCl 

239 

194 

CO 

CO 

rt< 

'  o 
+*  o 

O  CO 

lOCOCDiO^iO'Q'OO^CO'O^'fOKNrHro 
(N<M(N(NINh(NC1hhhhhh  i— i(MrH 

£-  Cl 

L-  CO 

rH  rH 

02 

CO 

CO 

10  to: 

20 

1  «oooj*o®^»o«o«»hoco>o®« 

1  (SlNHHHHHHHrtHrtHHHdHM 

127 

162 

02 

GO 

d 

5  to 
10 

QHCOrOOOCOQOaiCOrrCC)COC^GOr"^'H 

r-H  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH 

05  rH 

00  05 

o 

00 

rH 

1  to 

5 

HrHr-u00500fNt'000(N'3(C£)0000:COCT 

^^COCMCO^COCOCOCTCOCOCOCOCMCOCO.CO 

300 

322 

Cl 

Cl 

co 

I  Under 

I I  year 

Cot,r_,^C'icocO'-ci>coooococ)Cooa3co 

^m»Qinco^i0^iOm'3'ncoiON,»ocoTjf 

465 

394 

02 

xO 

00 

A  CD 

O  X 
«  02 


CO 

02 

Cl 

CO 

rH 

Cl 

00 

I- 

02 

Cl 

Tf 

CO 

xO 

rH 

GO 

XO 

o 

CM 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 

co 

CO 

CO 

CO 

CO 


i  i h  ; 

^(Ht'Cl^QOOOiOCOOOOO'f  Cl©  CO  02  o 

GO  02 

A  J 

00  i— 'C0C002ddOC>xOdC0d00d©d 

rt>  02 

CO  a 

(NH(NH3<H(MH(NH(NHdHHrt(NH 

Cl  l-H 

WCC 

d  r-H 

r- 

CO 


over 

100 

OOOO-IOOOOOOOO^OOOO 

rH  r- i 

Cl  1 

s§ 

Q)  ^  r— t  ^  O  cO  rH  rH  O  O  O  G^l  rH  O  d  O  C4 

co  r» 

o  I 

rH  8 

80  to 
00 

COCOd^fCOdCOCOOOHtCOCOdCOxOTtxO 

r-H  XO 

CO  ^ 

co  1 

t~  I 

70  to : 

80 

C0WCD't,OC002HC0'^>Q'0‘O000202Cl'H 

_<  rH  T— 1  >-H  rH  rH 

XO  GO 

CO  1~ 

143 

30  to ' 

70 

0>i0r-'HC0MC0HH02C002V,-3,Od*0C0 

fM  rH  d  rH  r- IrHrH  d—IrHrHrHrH 

148 

110 

00  1 
xO  1 

d  1 

50  to  < 

60 

CDOCOL-r-OO^OOrHOTrt-COxOOCDO 

CM  rH  Cl  rH  ,-HrHrH.-ldrH,-HrH,-H 

O  02 

oo  oo 

i-H 

02  1 
CO  1 

ClJ 

m 

KJ 

M 

til 

-So 

O  *^5 

CO  O  O  xO  O  d  rf  rH  02  00  O  L—  rH  O  CO  d  02  O 

^ht#hCOC1«h(N  CO  CC  H  Cl  H  d  H 

02  XO 

i-H  o 

CO  rH 

^  I 

d  I 

Ht 

C 

*“*  O 

O  H4 

07 

dt'Cioxoxo'-rcoa2'crod>-H02xocD  —  cD 

CDrHxOdGOdXOrH-^— tOrHXO'— iCOrHOrH 

02  d 

O  XO 

XO  rH 

199 

MH 

£ 

~b 

h-»  o 

o  CO 

Cl 

d  rH  iO  H  O  xO  CO  h  O  XO  rH  ^  ^  O  xO  05  *0 

OOICOH^IC^^^^CD^^HCOHCOH 

rH 

469 
;  172 

r-H 

co  | 

10  to 

20 

O'CCOClCOOOOt-CBiHt'iOCOt'CO'Q'C® 

rH  t— 1  rH  rH  rH  rH  —• 

d  d 

02  L" 

CO 

rH  ' 

5  to 

10 

d02Mx0ndC0O^Tt,C0C0CCx0C003ClC2 

rH  r-H  r-H  1—1 

t-  r~ 

XO  co 

d 

rH 

1  to 

5 

02  d  00  rH  CO  00  — i  O  CO  JE-  tO  d  •—<  i— i  00  XO  Cl  OO 

ddrHdHj'ddClH  rHrHdrHr-HrHCMrH 

207 

154 

rH 

co 

co 

Under 

1  year 

dCOOOCOMOOlxfJCdO'OOCOCDN'iOCl 

drHrHi-HdCOrHr-HrHrHrHl-HrHrHdrH^lrH 

167 

147 

314 

<D 

m 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

Females, 

Males, 

iFemales, 

Males, 

Females, 

*"53 

o 

Eh 

nO 

a 

Years 

1822 

1823 

1824 

1825 

1826 

1827 

1828 

1829 

1830 

C3 

HH> 

O 

H 

Jr 

a 

Abstract  of  Deaths — continued . 


DEATHS  IN  THE  DIFFERENT  MONTHS 


559 


— p 

h 

h 

o 

h 

Grand 

Totals. 

733 

560 

542 

692 

664 

1,172 

630 

1,209 

856 

605 

CO 

© 

© 

Both 

Sexes. 

455 

310 

306 

384 

363 

l 

853 

356 

500 

422 

348 

r- 

© 

co 

BLACKS. 

Each 

Sex. 

aor'*^05coooococor^cooo<or~cor~io!>»-H 

2,153 

2,144 

t" 

© 

CO 

H'' 

over 

100 

H©HHCO©»-<*-l©lOCOxQHH©CO©*-<©© 

00  co 

rH 

tF 

CO 

90  to 

100 

iQoooctH^KMUcocimt'ioO'i'cbHco^o} 

H  CO 

CO  lO 

H< 

00 

-So 

CO(MWCO^HCDGOC5r-t©oO(MOCOai(MCOWCO 

r-<  H  »— 1  H  H 

O  1" 

*o  00 

t~ - 

co 

rH 

ooo 

Ot'Hm(MOai(M'H’^M(Mi-lC005030000i0C0 

i— lr— It— (•— I  T— 1  r-i  rH  H  (M  W  ri  , — i 

©  © 

©  CO 

rn 

00 

CO 

CO 

60  to 
70 

i— (  H  H  Hi — 1  H  r It— 1  i — 1  CO  Tf  r 1  H  i— It—*  M  H  H 

■H  co 

tF  I- 

rH  rH 

t" 

rH 

CO 

50  to 
60 

COGOCOOOt-r^COOOCO©©I>CO©00£~COCOt'-© 

HH>h  Hr-lHHHHCOCOHHH  Hr- 1  rH  CM 

00  t- 
00  © 

T— 1  1— ^ 

355 

40  to 
50 

COt'OOOOiOiOO^TfO^n-foOCOiO^OCDOO 

CO  H  H  H  H  l — 1  CO  H  r—  ©  lO  CO  l — 1  H  H  CO  H  H 

©  I’ 

H  © 

CO  H 

© 

r“i 

30  to 
40 

00'*t,H05Tf(TOCOCOOO©OHCOHiOHOOrt»OOi 

H  CO  H  H  Hi — 1  l — IH  i — 1  ©  Tf  H  CO  CO  CO  ' — 1  H  H 

1-  »0 
©  oo 

rH  rH 

co 

00 

CO 

20  to 
30 

©TFeoooHOicocococor-ir'OooocoTf©©© 

COCOHHHHHHrHCOCOCOH  CO  CO  CO  CO  CO  H 

CO  tF 

oo  © 

H  CO 

t” 

00 

CO 

10  to 
20 

r-COCOcr5©'it©OCO'^CO'^vOCOt-a3-^rH©TjH 
r  CO  H  H  H  H  H  CO  H  HCO'^HHHCOCOCOH  h 

©  Tt 
© 

H  CO 

© 

00 

CO 

o 

O 

LO  i— 1 

t'*H©HTf©OiH— lOCOOiOC-COCCOt^iOOO 

HrHH  H  HH  HHH  CO  CO  H 

O  CO 

CO 

S3 

1  10 
5 

o<CQOt'aiot'«m«3HTi(5iTfr-coco»oooai 

CO(N«HHCIHCOCI3(M10»OCO(M>OCOCOJICIH 

346 

278 

TF 

CO 

© 

Under 

1  year 

CDO^OOOO)«>OHHinT)<Ci50CO(N®i0^iO 

TfTi'iMHMHcoTfcocoiomm^cominco^fM 

618 

ZZf 

T“"H 

vF 

I- 

TOTAL 

Both 

Sexes. 

1 

278 

250 

236 

308 

301 

319 

274 

709 

434 

257 

3,3661 

WHITES. 

Each 

Sex. 

Tt,^dOOOH(NCOaKNCOCO(MC!lHOOM'^nj 
©HTF©TF©©H00H©C0t~©xO»O©C0O0I> 
HHHHH  HHi— (HHHHHXQHCOHH 

2,242 

1,124 

© 

© 

CO 

CO 

over 

100 

©00©H©©©©©©©©©©©000© 

r /  ''r . u  > 

!  °  ^ 

rH 

90  to 
100 

©h©CO©hh©C9hhh©©©hh©©h  jiOOO 

CO 

rH 

80  to 
90 

otcHooctcor''^o(^wo5cococqooT?cDcii^  loo^  ico 

|  CO  >o  |  00 

70  to 
80 

!^(M^CDO)(X)iOCOCDCOOHCOJ>QOCDCOiOCD 

rH  rH  rH  rH  rH 

I-  lO 
©  CO 

CO 

XO 

H 

60  to 
70 

O^Ot^t^rHt-r^OC^OCOOrHOTfrHiOO^OCO 

rH  H  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH 

co  r- 
©  t- 

rH 

© 

I- 

rH 

50  to 
60 

| 

Hoo©to©©©Tt©oot'*ao©''Fco©©oo©Tf 

H  HHHCOHCOCOHH 

t-  rH 

00 

H< 

CO 

40  to 
50 

| 

moocDcoooHcooior'Coooot'Ooo'H'^oo 

CO  (NHHHCICKN  COhhhxOHCOhCO 

274 

117 

H 

© 

CO 

30  to 
40 

oi#>Q(NHa)H^«coi#cD>0’#^mHHTfH 

TjHTfHTfHCOCIrfHCOHCOHmCICOOICCH 

H 

533 

169 

CO 

© 

20  to 
30 

©r-t~*-iGOGO©coco©'-rcoxoi>ia©co©©H  i  oo  ^ 
co  h  h  h  co  co  h  tf  md^HCi«OH>OH  It^io 

rH  rH  1  iO  rH 

CO 

1  - 

tH 

oo 

rH 

10  to 
20 

t'OOiOI''OOt'MCO>0»OHiOOOCOOmHOT(Xl^ 

H  CO  H  CM  H 

IT- 

©  t" 

rH 

5  to 
10 

M’^xO'OHCMCO'^'^^CD^iO^C'l'OOOt'OCl 

CO  H 

©  H 

©  XO 

rH 

tH 

t-h 

1  to 

5 

Hcoor'iOt't'Ot'C5CDQoaiCDio>ocMCDr'(M 

CO  CO  H  H  HHHHH»hHCOHCOH  H 

©  CO 
xO  lO 

rH  rH 

CO 

tH 

CO 

Under 

1  year 

1  oor''©xO©©t',©co©xo©coH©cot'i'H©r'‘ 

H  H  HCOHi — IH  HHCOHi — IHi — 1 

d  o 

iO  rH 
rH  rH 

CO 

© 

CO 

[ 

Sex. 

i 

®a>oocDa)(D<D<i)® 

II 1 1 1|  mi  i|  i|  i|  i|  l| 

H  rS  ^  H  jP  H  ®  ®  H  r®  H  I  fcS  I  H  H  r° 

Males, 

Females, 

Grand  Total,! 

Years 

1831 

1832 

i 

1833 

1834 

1835 

1836 

1837 

1838 

1839 

1840 

Total 

Abstract  of  Deaths — continued . 


260 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON 


Bh 


Grand 

Totals. 

594 

550 

697 

553 

570 

607 

548 

614 

CO 

CO 

Irt 

Tj* 

■J 

xt 

H 

O 

H 

Both 

Sexes. 

335 

.  350 

483 

i 

365 

324 

349 

330 

311 

r- 

rt- 

00 

of 

Each 

Sex. 

>oot'nt'©mctcoHcqt'oo(MHo 

CDt'OOCDM’^t'anor'COCDiOt'CDO 
HHHHUdrlrtHHHHHHHH  [ 

CO  rH 
tH  CO 

rH  *H 

t» 

rt- 

CO 

d 

over 

100. 

OHOMWHHCtHOOtMCtOHH 

o  o 

rH  rH 

© 

d 

90  to 
100. 

CC^HHCO^MOCIJCO^OlQHOlQ 

Cl  GO 

Cl  Cl 

© 

v5 

m 

W 

o 

< 

pq 

k 

o  .  i  it-t— ir~eocqooGOcor'-T)<r~<x> 

+*  ©  1  rH  rH  r— i  H 

O  05  I 

00  1 

VC  GO  1 

r-  | 

CO 

d 

rH 

o  . 

^  o 

O  00 

l''* 

VO  CO  VJ  ©  r- 1  ^  00  rH  m  r- 1  CD  (M  ^  M  CD  1 

HH  rSHH  rH  rH 

r*  © 
co  r- 

r~ 

CO 

rH 

60  to 
70. 

t-J>HC5t^t^OOOOOCD500C^<rOOO 
r-H  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH 

©  © 

©  © 

© 

CO 

rH 

50  to 
60. 

i^^tiT-HOr^OrHCOOCMOSOiCOrHCO  | 
rHrHrHrrtrHrrtrHi— IrHrHrH  HHH  j 

©  »o 
©  © 

rH 

VC 

© 

rH 

40  to 

50. 

HOOO'#tO<MfflCDOCOHTjiCQOTl‘H 

H  CO  rH  H  rH  H  rH'CO  CO  H  rH  i— 1  t— 1  03  H 

©  © 

CO  CO 

rH  H 

© 

n* 

CO 

O  . 

O 

o 

CO 

Tf00O)Wr'fflHhHt'CdilHt'0OQO 
rH  HOjHHrlHHHHHHH 

113 

113 

© 

CO 

CO 

o  . 

^  o 

O  CO 

cm 

HH  HOIOJHHHHHHHHHH 

rH  © 

CO  CO 

rH  rH 

2601 

10  to 

20. 

OiiOiOro^OOlMZIi'HOlOOHO 
r— (  r— 1  H  Wi — 1  H  rH  i — !  rH  rH  l — ll^Hi— 1 

CO  CO 
©  CO 

rt- 

rH 

CO 

5  to 
10. 

COOO^OOCOO^iOOCO^CQHCDOi 
rH  rH  rH  rH 

CO  © 

1C  VC 

CO 

© 

rH 

1  to 
5. 

I 

'^NOOtMCDt'OCDifir'OHt'iofM  |  h  n 

O}citcod,co,^(MMHHf0wmccww  1  co  rt- 

1  (M  CO 

oo 

tr- 

rt- 

Under 

1  year 

Gt'iO^'OCOfO^WOCOOr-iO^m 

343 

273 

© 

rH 

© 

HJ 

H 

:  H 

O 

H 

Both 

Sexes 

259 

200 

214 

188 

246 

i 

258 

218 

303 

© 

GO 

CO 

rH 

m 

pq 

H 

3 

£ 

Each 

Sex. 

HooooHmcooJt'TfTf^rfHW 
r-OOCOGOOOOOOt-rHCOTFHi— lOCOrf 

rH  rH  rH  r— 1  ' — 1  rH  i — 1  H  H  rl  rl  H 

1,069 

817 

© 

CO 

00 

rH 

over 

100. 

oooooooooooooooo 

1 

©  © 

© 

90  to 
100. 

THrHCOOfHO©©(M<M©<-HOrHrHO 

GO  VC 

CO 

rH 

80  to 

90. 

CO©COCOrHVOCO©rt-©©©CO©CO© 

rH 

CO  CO 
CO  VC 

75 

O  . 

^  O 

O  00 
i> 

rt-©©01iO©V5V5V5©rr©rt-COrt-ia 

rH  '  rH  rH  rH  tH 

1  rt-  rt- 
|  CO  00 

IS 

c  . 

•*-*  o 

O  i> 

<o 

O  C^i  hC0OC^C0^OO1T*CQOCQC0 

rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH 

00  © 
t-  © 

144 

o  . 

^  o 
o  o 
»o 

C0©c0©©C000t'*©T-,,1O£'"rf|C0C0C0 

pH  rH  fH  H  H  rl  Hrtrl 

rt-  rt- 
©  © 

CO 

rt- 

rH 

40  to 

50. 

©r~©£-©r~CO©r-'a5rt-©©r''VOco 
CO  r— 1  CO  rH  w  H  ctt  rH  (M  H 

co  © 

VC  © 
rH 

r~ 

CO 

CO 

o  . 
-*-»  o 
o  H 
CO 

ot^c^rHocoooooo^t^r^cocoo 

CVJ  rH  rH  rH  CQ  rH  rH  rH  CQ  rH  rH  rH  CV)  CQ 

l  -  CO 

©  t— 1 

rH  rH 

© 

© 

CO 

o  . 
■**  o 

O  CO 

CM 

mHcoocowcDOimt'Hoinco^iO 
CO  1 — 1  CO  CO  rl  rH  rH  CO  rH  rH  rH  CO  H 

©  CO 
©  00 

CO 

Tt- 

CO 

©  . 

o 
O  CM 

rH 

j  drt-COCOrt-rt-rt-CO©©rt-COCOd©rt- 

1  VC  CO 
j  CO  CO 

1" 

© 

5  to 
10. 

|  COHiOH«»Ot'^rJMOH^OCDOOn 

rH 

CO  <M 

© 

© 

1  to 
5. 

COrHVOCOCO©©©©rt-VO©©COrt-rt- 
CO  H  t-x  tH  CO  r— 1  H  rt  H  CO  CO  rH  H  CO  CO 

rH  Ol 
©  d 

rH  rH 

CO 

CO 

d 

Under 
1  year 

cocot-OTHcor'OOocot-oo^t^coi> 

rH  rH  rH  r—  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  rH  r- * 

O  Tf 

r— >  O 
rH 

rt- 

© 

d 

X 

© 

m 


to 
a> 


CQ 

m 

GO 

co 

CO 

CO 

to 

CO 

0) 

a> 

a> 

*3 

si 

si 

to  ■© 
w  2 

CO  p73 

o  2 

„T'r— 1 

2  03 
^  C3 

M'S 

a>  2 

m  'rt 

a>  2 

o 


cj 

VH  r- 
PH 


a> 


vS  r®  iS  r®  M  r®  ®  ^  .£  £  £ 


c3 


c3 


c3 


rH 

CO 

CO 

rt- 

o 

© 

i" 

© 

Ht- 

rt- 

rt- 

rt- 

rt- 

rt- 

rt- 

rt- 

CO 

CO 

co 

© 

© 

© 

© 

© 

H 

rH 

rH 

rH 

rH 

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a 

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d 

o 

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s 

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Si 

O 


STATEMENT  OF  DEATHS  IN  CHARLETON. 


261 


Statement  of  the  Deaths  in  Charleston  for  twenty-six 
years ,  from  1822  to  1848,  inclusive . 


G 


DEATHS. 

PROPORTION  TO  POPU¬ 
LATION. 

Years. 

Population 

Males. 

Females 

Total. 

One  in 

In  100 

1822 

24,780 

537 

388 

925 

26.78 

3.72 

1823 

26,301 

432 

382 

814 

32.21 

3.10 

1824 

27,822 

656 

403 

1,059 

26.27 

3.80 

1825 

28,233 

481 

359 

840 

33.60 

2.97 

1826 

28,644 

420 

344 

764 

37.48 

2.66 

1827 

29,055 

474 

329 

803 

36.68 

2.67 

1828 

29,466 

454 

339 

793 

37.15 

2.69 

1829 

29,877 

388, 

374 

762 

39.20 

2.55 

1830 

30,289 

408 

355 

763 

39.68 

2.50 

Mean. 

472 

364 

836 

33.82 

2.95 

1831 

30,187 

382 

351 

733 

41.17 

2.42 

1832 

30,085 

303 

257 

560 

53.72 

1.86 

1833 

29,982 

281 

261 

542 

55.31 

1.80 

1834 

29,879 

350 

342 

692 

43.03 

2.32 

1835 

29,776 

365 

299 

664 

44.50 

2.23 

1836 

29,673 

639 

533 

1,172 

25.31 

3.95 

1837 

29,570 

352 

278 

630 

48.52 

2.06 

1838 

29,467 

1  828 

381 

1,209 

24.36 

4.10 

1839 

29,364 

502 

354 

856 

34.30 

2.91 

1840 

29,261 

361 

244 

605 

46.36 

2,18 

Mean. 

“  433 

330 

766 

38.80 

2.57 

1841 

28,910 

336 

258 

594 

50.35 

1.98 

1842 

28,559 

307 

243 

550 

51.83 

1.92 

1843 

28,208 

368 

329 

697 

40.47 

2.47 

1844 

27,857 

282 

271 

533 

50.37 

1.98 

1845 

27,596 

272 

298 

570 

48.40 

2.06 

1846 

27,155 

326 

'  281 

607 

44.72 

2.23 

1847 

26,803 

272 

276 

548 

48.89 

2.04 

1848 

26,451 

322 

292 

614 

43.05 

2.32 

Mean. 

310 

281 

592 

46.77 

2.13 

262 


CENSUS  OF  CHARLESTON. 


GOVERNMENT  OF  THE  CITY. 

The  Government  of  the  City  consists  of  a  Mayor 
and  twelve  Aldermen — called  the  City  Council.  They 
are  chosen  annually,  in  the  month  of  September.  The 
Mayor  is  elected  from  the  citizens  at  large,  and  the 
Aldermen  from  the  four  wards — 3  from  ward  No.  1  ; 
2  from  ward  No.  2;  3  from  ward  No.  3 ;  and  4  from 
ward  No.  4. 

The  Police  consists  of  the  Mayor  as  chief ;  of  a 
City  Guard,  composed  of  a  Captain,  three  Lieutenants, 
16  non-Commissioned  Officers,  and  116  Privates,  and 
of  six  Policemen.  The  Mayor  has  the  appointing 
power  of  the  above,  with  the  exception  of  the  four 
Officers  of  the  Guard,  who  are  elected  annually  by  the 
Council. 


APPENDIX. 


WARDS. 

1 

2 

3 

4 

Total. 

Horses, 

240 

280 

263 

379 

1,162 

Cows,  - 

78 

120 

76 

135 

409 

Dogs,  -  - 

90 

169 

158 

239 

656 

Licensed  Carts,  - 

2 

7 

28 

28 

65 

“  Drays,  - 

0 

8 

43 

18 

69 

“  Buggies, 

2 

2 

1 

0 

5 

“  Carriages, 

2 

3 

5 

3 

13 

“  Omnibusses, 

3 

0 

2 

3 

8 

Unlicensed  Drays, 

0 

0 

0 

1 

1 

“  Buggies, 

"  Carriages, 

13 

36 

21 

79 

149 

39 

98 

54 

99 

290 

“Gigs  &  Sulkies, 

0 

5 

6 

9 

20 

“  Carts, 

0 

20 

13 

16 

49 

STATISTICS  OF  RAIL  ROAD  FOR  15  YEARS 
FROM  1st  JANUARY  TO  31st  DECEMBER 
IN  EACH  YEAR. 


THE  FOLLOWING  FOLDING  PLATE 
HAS  BEEN  FILMED  IN  l  SECTIONS 
IN  THE  SEQUENCE  SHOWN 


t  l  C  U  4  I  -  ' 


5  ■  ■  ..  i  •  *  ' 

. ; '  -  .  "  :  ■  ■  . 


.  * 


' 


